Особенности использования кластерного подхода при организации государственно-частного партнерства в сфере туризма

Abstract

The study of the features of using the cluster approach in organizing public-private partnerships in the field of tourism is highly relevant in the context of the continued sanctions regime against Russia by the United States and the European Union. This is due, on the one hand, to the multiple growth of domestic tourism in many regions of Russia, and on the other, to high geopolitical risks and limited financial resources of Russian business. The article describes the dynamics of the development of public-private partnerships and its organizational features in the Russian Federation. In particular, the absolute priority of the share of concession agreements in the overall structure of public-private partnership projects in 2022 is shown; the structural differences between the initiatives of public-private partnership projects in Europe and the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 are identified, as well as the national characteristics of public-private partnerships in relation to the tourism complex, the organization of which is still a poorly developed method of improving national tourism. A significant difference between a domestic organization and a foreign one is that in Russia tourism is considered as a separate sector, while in Europe public-private partnership projects indirectly influence the improvement of tourism in the regions through the development of transport and social infrastructures. Whereas in Russia, in addition to projects of indirect importance, much attention is paid to potentially useful objects for increasing direct endogenous tourism indicators, such as the number of tourist arrivals, the number of foreign arrivals, increasing the share of tourism in GDP, passenger traffic, etc. It is concluded that a characteristic feature of the development of the tourism complex in the public-private partnership (PPP) format can be considered the use of the cluster approach as the main one. This allowed the authors to reveal a set of advantages of PPP in tourism; formulate the characteristics of a tourism cluster formed through the association of representatives of government agencies and private business; propose a scheme for the effectiveness of PPP design in tourism using a cluster approach.