Development Of Mental Disorders Research Articles

O IMPACTO DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AUTOIMAGEM MASCULINA

This article presents a narrative review into the impact of social media on male self-image, emphasizing the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to idealized physical standards. A qualitative literature review based on national and international studies revealed that these widely disseminated digital platforms significantly contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and the development of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression and eating disorders among young men. Critical data analysis showed that social media reinforces hegemonic beauty stereotypes, generating aesthetic and psychological pressures. Furthermore, these pressures negatively affect individuals' emotional well-being and self-confidence, compromising their mental health and quality of life. This research enhances understanding of the dynamics between social media, gender identity, and mental health, providing insights for public policies, effective interventions, preventive strategies and meaningful educational initiatives.

Factors associated with readmissions in psychiatric inpatient care: a prospective cohort study based on hospital registers

BackgroundReadmissions in psychiatric inpatient care may reflect problems in the provision of care, but the underlying factors are not well known. We examined the associations of patient characteristics (sociodemographic factors, diagnoses), treatment (duration, previous episodes, neuromodulation) and ward overload with psychiatric inpatient readmissions and multiple readmissions in Finland.MethodsWe used a routinely collected data pool from one hospital district and followed all 2052 hospitalizations that started in 2018. The outcomes were readmission within 30 days and one year, and among those with readmission, the number of readmissions.ResultsOf the patients, 11% had readmission within 30 days and 33% had readmission within one year. Women, those with previous hospitalizations, those with an ICD-10 diagnosis from the ‘behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors / disorders of adult personality and behaviour’ group, those with a diagnosis from the ‘neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’ group, those with psychotic disorders, and those who received neuromodulation treatment were more likely to have readmissions. Having a diagnosis of ‘disorders of psychological development’ or ‘behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence’ was associated with a lower likelihood of readmission. The duration of treatment and ward overload during the index period were not associated with readmission.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest possible risk factors for readmission and can be used to plan psychiatric care. To some degree, the risk factors varied between different readmission types. It is important to examine whether there are unmet treatment needs in psychiatric inpatient care for children and adolescents.

Main etiological factors and comorbid pathology in severe cerebral palsy

Introduction The largest number of factors contributing to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) relate to the pre- and intranatal periods. Premature birth and low birth weight are the most important predictors of cerebral palsy and are associated with persistent brain and motor disorders. Purpose To evaluate the main etiological factors of severe cerebral palsy and comorbid pathology in children with severe motor disorders.Material and methods A retrospective observational study included 170 patients with severe forms of cerebral palsy, divided into two groups (85 subjects each) depending on motor disorders: GMFCS IV, GMFCS V. Perinatal risk factors for severe cerebral palsy were assessed, correlations between perinatal risk factors for expressed movement disorders and height/weight indicators, comorbid pathology in children at the time of admission to the trauma and orthopaedic hospital.Results Prenatal risk factors were responsible for the development of cerebral palsy in children in 71 % of cases. In the GMFCS IV group, gestational age had an inverse correlation with preterm birth (R = –0.53; R2 = 28 %). In the GMFCS V group, disorders caused by a shorter gestational age were interrelated with the duration of the antenatal period (R = –0.79; R2 = 62 %), and also directly correlated with delivery by cesarean section (R = 0.58; R2 = 34 %). Among the comorbid pathologies, eye diseases and psychological development disorders were most often detected.Discussion Low height/weight parameters of patients were due to comorbid pathology, rather than phenotypic constitutional features. Inverse correlation between the disorders caused by the gestational age, low birth weight and duration of pregnancy, risk of developing respiratory disorders, and a direct correlation with cesarean section seem logical. Severe conmobid diseases were more frequently diagnosed in patients with GMFCS V, indicating more extensive perinatal catastrophes in the central nervous system and the relationship between the developed pathology and severe motor disorders.Conclusions The main risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy in patients with severe GMFCS IV–V motor impairments are associated with the pre- and intranatal periods. Comorbid pathology of patients with severe forms of cerebral palsy is caused by severe brain damage and movement disorders that have developed against this background.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disease from the spectrum of movement disorders, the prevalence of which increases significantly during pregnancy and is associated with poor sleep, a drop in daytime energy, and the development of psychological disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The IRLSS scale was used to determine the presence of RLS symptoms. The total test sample that included the tested and control groups was (n=390) subjects. The examined group consisted of pregnant women (n=260), and the control group consisted of female students (n=130). In total, 260 pregnant women were monitored 6months after pregnancy. Three measurements were performed, first inthe third trimester of pregnancy, second two months afterdelivery, third 6months after delivery, while one cross-sectional measurement was performed for the controlgroup. The prevalence of RLS in pregnancy is highest in the third trimester and amounts to 26.5 %. In the postpartum period, a significant decrease in the prevalence of RLS was observed, measured two months after delivery (18.1 %). Postpartum, over time, a decrease in the prevalence of RLS was noticed, and six months after delivery it was (7.3 %), when it practically approached the prevalence of the control group (standard population) which was (6.2 %). The prevalence of RLS is highest during the third trimester of pregnancy and decreases after delivery so that 6months after delivery it approaches the prevalence of the standard population.

NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF IN-PATIENT PSYCHIATRIC CARE PROVISION IN THE POLTAVA REGION IN 2023

Introduction. The importance of safeguarding mental health and providing high-quality psychiatric care became increasingly urgent following the onset of full-scale war in Ukraine. Currently, a strategy to transfer psychiatric care from specialized institutions to primary care is being implemented. Therefore, analyzing the nosological distribution of referrals to a psychiatric hospital during martial law is an extremely urgent issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the nosological structure of hospitalizations at the Communal Enterprise “Regional Institution of Mental Psychiatric Care of the Poltava Regional Council” in 2023. Results and their discussion. Schizophrenia remains the leading diagnosis among patients receiving inpatient psychiatric care. The second place is taken by neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. In third place are organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders, with vascular dementia being the leading primary diagnosis among patients with organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders. Among the substances causing mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol ranks first. Paranoid schizophrenia is the leading diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal states, and delusional disorders. Recurrent depressive disorder is the most common among affective disorders. Adjustment disorders occupy the first place in the structure of the incidence of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. Among the behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, anorexia nervosa is the most common. Emotionally unstable personality disorder is most common among patients with disorders of adult personality and behavior. Mild mental retardation is more common than others. Childhood autism has the largest share in the incidence structure of disorders of psychological development. Among behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, the most common are mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in planning and forecasting the provision of inpatient psychiatric care to patients during the wartime.

The Necessity of Developing Psychological Resilience in Individuals who have Experienced Domestic Violence: Analysis of the Issue

Introduction. The article is aimed at analysing the problem of overcoming the consequences of domestic violence through increasing the victim’s resilience. The relevance of the study is explained by several factors: firstly, the increasing frequency of domestic violence, and secondly, the necessity of including in rehabilitation programs blocks for the development of those personal characteristics that will allow not only to overcome the experienced stress, but also to reduce the possibility of getting into situations of violence again. Adequate levels of psychological resilience are seen by the authors as a necessary condition for optimizing the exit from the victim position. The novelty of the study is expressed in the fact that for the first time in our country resilience is considered as a factor influencing overcoming the consequences of violence.Objective. To explore the importance of developing psychological resilience in victims of domestic violence.Definition of violence and its types. The authors provide the main theoretical provisions regarding the psychological analysis of violence, the consequences of violence for the victim, and psychological resilience. Violence is distinguished from aggression and conflicts by its systematic nature and actions aimed at suppressing the will of the victim.The effects of violence on the victim. The authors mention the main consequences of violence, which include deterioration of physical and mental health, changes in behavioural patterns, and suicidal tendencies. The concept of psychological resilience. Psychological resilience as a factor influencing the recovery of a victim of violence is understood by the authors as the ability to withstand difficult life situations while maintaining mental and physical health.Discussion. The authors’ ideas about the mandatory development of resilience in victims of domestic violence are confirmed by the opinion of researchers of victim behaviour. The development of victim psychological resilience is associated with the replacement of victim behaviour with assertive behaviour. The ability to resist violence is also influenced by the development of such aspects of psychological resilience as fight avoidance, meaningfulness, emotional regulation, and building supportive social ties. In general, an adequate level of psychological resilience affects the ability to part with the subject of violence, as well as the development of psychological disorders in victims. The author’s position is expressed in the opinion that the formation of resilience in victims of violence will lead to the possibility of their self-change, which will transform public opinion about them.

Association of severe postpartum hemorrhage and development of psychological disorders: Results from the prospective and multicentre HELP MOM study

ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading preventable cause of worldwide maternal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for psychological disorders following PPH are currently unknown. HELP-MOM study aimed to determine the incidence and identify risk factors for psychological disorders following PPH. MethodsHELP-MOM study was a prospective, observational, national, and multicentre study including patients who experienced severe PPH requiring sulprostone. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of psychological disorders (anxiety and/or post-traumatic disorder and/or depression) following PPH, assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after delivery using HADS, IES-R, and EPDS scales. ResultsBetween November 2014 and November 2016, 332 patients experienced a severe PPH and 236 (72%) answered self-questionnaires at 1, 3, and 6 months. A total of 161 (68%) patients declared a psychological disorder following severe PPH (146 (90.1%) were screened positive for anxiety, 96 (58.9%) were screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder, and 94 (57.7%) were screened positive for post-partum depression). In multivariable analysis, the use of intra-uterine tamponnement balloon was associated with a lower risk to be screened positive for psychological disorder after severe PPH (OR = 0.33 [IC95% 0.15−0.69], p = 0.004, and after propensity score matching (OR=0.34 [IC95% 0.12−0.94], p = 0.04)). Low hemoglobin values during severe PPH management were associated with a higher risk of being screened positive for psychological disorders. Finally, we did not find differences in desire or pregnancy between patients without or with psychological disorders occurring in the year after severe PPH. DiscussionSevere PPH was associated with significant psychosocial morbidity including anxiety, post-traumatic disorder, and depression. This should engage a psychological follow-up. Large cohorts are urgently needed to confirm our results. RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov under number NCT02118038.

Trauma-informed care? Identifying training deficits in accredited doctoral programs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of accredited doctoral programs in clinical psychology that require a course in trauma-informed theory and intervention in their curriculum. Clinical psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association were surveyed to determine their requirement for a course related to trauma-informed care. Program information was initially reviewed online and in the absence of clear indication within their program websites, survey questions were sent to the program Chair and/or Directors of Clinical Training. Data were obtained from 193 of the 254 APA-accredited programs included in this survey process. Only nine (5%) require a course related to trauma-informed care. Of these, five were PhD programs and four were PsyD programs. This equates to 202 (8%) of graduating doctoral students having been required to take a course related to trauma-informed care. Trauma exposure is common and a major factor to be considered in the development of psychological disorders and overall physical and emotional wellbeing. As a result, clinical psychologists should enter the field with a foundation in understanding the impact and treatment of trauma exposure. However, only a minority of graduating doctoral students have been required to take a course related to this topic in their graduate curriculum. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Measuring dysfunctional interpersonal beliefs: validation of the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale among a heterogeneous German-speaking sample

BackroundDysfunctional interpersonal beliefs (DIBs) are a key symptom domain in numerous mental disorders. Because DIBs exert a strong influence on social experience and behavior, they play an important role in a mental disorder's development and progression. To date, only the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) captures DIBs independently of specific disorders, populations, or contexts. The present study's aim was to psychometrically evaluate and validate a German translation of the ICDS.MethodsThe ICDS was administered along with indicators of convergent (rejection sensitivity, depressive expectations, interpersonal trust, interpersonal problems, perceived social support), discriminant (self-efficacy, perseverative negative thinking, optimism), and clinical validity (psychopathology, perceived stress, well-being) to a pooled sample incorporating non-clinical (N = 114) and clinical (N = 94) participants.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested a five-factor solution (factor loadings: .44 to .85). Correlational analyses demonstrated acceptable convergent (ρ = -.29 to -.35, ρ = .27 to .59), suboptimal discriminant (ρ = -.27 to -.38, ρ = .52), and acceptable clinical validity (ρ = -.21, ρ = .36 to .44) at the total-scale level. However, results at the subscale level were mixed and required nuanced interpretation. Likewise, internal consistency was acceptable at the total-scale level (α = .76), but ranged from good to poor at the subscale level (α = .61 to .80). DIBs mediated the negative relationship between mental disorder onset and psychopathology levels.DiscussionOur results imply DIBs' relevance to mental health and related outcomes. When working with the ICDS’s German version, we recommend employing only the “insecurity” subscale, as this was the only scale revealing acceptable psychometric properties. Future studies should improve the construct validity of the ICDS (and its subscales), e.g., by adding more items to the respective subscales and further classes of DIBs.

SOSIALISASI PENGENALAN ANAK TUNAGRAHITA PADA MIN 07 SELUMA

Children with mental retardation (mental retardation) are children who experience disorders of psychological development and intelligence abilities so that they have an impact on cognitive development and adaptive attitudes, so that there are differences in children in general. this affects the level of mentally retarded children, namely starting from the early stages of the mild, moderate, severe and very heavy categories. It is very important to realize this from all component parties, including children and the surrounding community. However, in reality there is still very low understanding of mentally retarded children among children and society. Based on these problems, it is necessary to socialize efforts about mentally retarded children (mental retardation). This activity was carried out at the community service center, namely at MIN 07 Seluma, Serambi Gunung Village, Kec. Talo, Kab. Seluma. With an explanation of the meaning of mentally retarded children or mental retardation. The method used in this service is socialization with the target students of MIN 07 Seluma with the method of question and answer activities and lectures. Based on the results of the initial survey, there are still many students who do not know about mentally retarded children. This service activity was carried out in April 2023 at MIN 07 Seluma.

Some notes on the phenomenology of psychological disorders: from the birth of Freudian psychoanalysis to the possible contribution of multiple etiopathogenic factors

ABSTRACT In this contribution, the author explores the shift from viewing psychological issues as ‘psychic pathology’ to adopting a perspective of ‘pathological psychology’. This transition underscores the need to consider the intricate interplay between individual and environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding mental illness as a result of complex interactions and disruptions in equilibrium. Alongside neurobiological influences, life experiences and the environment also wield a pivotal role. A clinical case of a four-session-a week psychoanalysis illustrates the significance of the environment. This case highlights how the interplay between internal and relational-environmental factors is crucial not only in understanding symptoms but also in the interpretive process.

Diagnostic Stability in Psychiatric Patients From Hospital Admission to Discharge: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the consistency or stability of mental disorders diagnosed in the psychiatry ward setting, investigate factors associated with consistency, and observe the disease distribution over the decade. A total of 20,359 psychiatric inpatients were included in this retrospective study from June 2011 to December 2020. Diagnoses from the first admission to discharge were evaluated to determine the diagnostic consistency during hospitalization. Readmissions were selected as the subgroup, whose first and last discharge diagnoses were compared to analyze the relatively long-term diagnostic stability. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected to identify predictors of diagnostic discrepancy. From 2011-2020, the hospitalization rate decreased from 42.7% to 20.7% for schizophrenia and grew from 13.3% to 23.8% for depression. Diagnoses were retained by 92.6% of patients at their first discharge diagnosis, ranging from 100% for disorders of psychological development to 16.3% for unspecified mental disorders. About 33.9% of diagnostic conversions were to bipolar disorder in patients having inconsistent diagnoses. However, among rehospitalizations, the diagnostic stability notably dropped to 71.3%. For rehospitalizations, mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were relatively stable diagnoses categories, with 72.6% to 76.7% of patients receiving the same diagnosis, although results of specified diagnoses within these categories ranged from 5.9% to 91.0%. Except for mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the diagnoses of all other categories were below 70%. Long lengths of hospitalization and old age were associated with short-term diagnosis alterations. Longitudinal follow-up and integration of multiple aspects of information are essential for accurate diagnosis.

Daily Sleep-Stress Reactivity and Functional Impairment in World Trade Center Responders.

How sleep is impacted by stress ("sleep reactivity to stress") and how stress is impacted by sleep ("stress reactivity to sleep") are trait-like characteristics of individuals that predict depression, anxiety, and insomnia. However, pathways between reactivity and functional impairment (e.g., impairment in social relationships and interpersonal functioning) have not been explored, which may be a critical pathway in understanding the link between reactivity and the development of psychological disorders. We examined associations between reactivity and changes in functional impairment among a cohort of 9/11 World Trade Center responders. Data from 452 responders (Mage = 55.22 years; 89.4% male) were collected between 2014 and 2016. Four baseline sleep and stress reactivity indices (i.e., sleep duration and efficiency reactivity to stress; stress reactivity to sleep duration and efficiency) were calculated from 14 days of sleep and stress data using random slopes from multilevel models. Functional impairment was assessed approximately 1 year and 2 years after baseline via semi-structured interviews. Latent change score analyses examined associations between baseline reactivity indices and changes in functional impairment. Greater baseline sleep efficiency reactivity to stress was associated with decreases in functioning (β = -0.05, p = .039). In addition, greater stress reactivity to sleep duration (β = -0.08, p = .017) and sleep efficiency (β = -0.22, p < .001) was associated with lower functioning at timepoint one. People who are more reactive to daily fluctuations in stress and sleep have poorer interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Identifying individuals with high reactivity who could benefit from preventative treatment may foster better social integration.

Assessment of Mental Health Problems Caused by the War Through the Eyes of Students: Prerequisites for Rehabilitation Measures

Aim: To identify the leading factors of mental health problems by establishing interconnections them with other challenges of full-scale war. Materials and Methods: Sociological and statistical methods of descriptive statistics, the method of pairwise correlation of psychological problems with other challenges with disaggregation by gender, the logistic regression analysis for factors that were statistically significantly related to mental health problems (95% CI, p&lt;0.05) were used. Results: Since the beginning of the war respondents identified medical problems as the most important challenge (83.6%), which were combined with forced change of residence and restrictions on movement and communication (20.7%), financial problems (8.0%) and restrictions on non-medical services (1.1%). Statistical analysis revealed a weak direct correlation between male’ mental health problems with age (20 and older) (r=0.225), restrictions on travelling abroad (r=0.221) and restrictions on habitual communication (r=0.215). Financial (r=0.190) and psychological (r=0.252) problems in relatives were the leading factors in the development of psychological disorders. In case of female, the most important factors in the occurrence of psychological problems were restrictions on usual communications (r=0.138), financial problems (r=0.104), illness (r=0.121), volunteering before the fullscale invasion (r=0.105), hearing about deaths (r=0.143) and mental health of loved ones (r=0.435). Conclusions: Psychological problems among students had great significance (77.4%). The psychological state is most affected by the problems of loved ones, and this was a two-way connection. As part of rehabilitation measures, we anticipate an increasing role for primary health care and mental health promotion.

Psychotherapists’ views on triggering factors for psychological disorders

Triggering factors play an important role in the development of psychological disorders. Practicing psychotherapists have valuable knowledge on psychological disorders and since their views on triggering factors have not been reported in the literature, triggers were addressed in this study from psychotherapists’ perspectives. The following three main issues were examined: definitions of triggers, examples of the most recurrent triggers and the idea of a common trigger for psychological disorders. Sixteen psychotherapists agreed to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person and the data collected were analyzed using frame analysis. Frame analysis aims at representing the data through frames or groups that indicate different interpretations of the same topic. The results showed that the therapists provided three definitions of triggering factors. They most often defined triggers as events, occurrences or situations that explain the onset of psychological symptoms. The psychotherapists also provided examples of triggering factors: these were grouped into three frames, interpersonal, environmental and trauma. The therapists identified no single common trigger, although they discussed common categories and connections between different triggering factors. The findings indicate that triggering factors are complex and closely connected to personal vulnerabilities, as different events and circumstances act as triggers for different individuals. Future research could expand on these findings by examining the constituents of individual vulnerabilities.

Post-evacuation return of psychiatric hospital inpatients evacuated to hospitals outside the Fukushima prefecture after the nuclear accident: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Post-evacuation return after mandatory hospital evacuation due to complicated disasters is often overlooked and not well-discussed. In this study, we explored the factors which are related to the ease or difficulty of the post-evacuation return to Fukushima prefecture of psychiatric inpatients who had been evacuated to hospitals outside the prefecture because of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and subsequent Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. This retrospective cohort study included evacuated psychiatric hospital inpatients who were registered in the Matching Project for Community Transition (MPCT) and had been traced until July 31, 2019. A total of 531 patients were included for the analyses. Univariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to detect the patients' traits including their psychiatric/physical backgrounds which were associated with their outcome - the time from GEJE to the date of return to Fukushima. Over half of the patients returned to Fukushima. In the multivariable analysis, the patients' gender (male), age (older), and psychiatric diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (ICD-10, F20-29) showed lower hazard ratio (HR) and statistically significant association with the difficulties of post-evacuation return. Meanwhile, disorders of psychological development (F80-89), diseases of the nervous (G00-99, except G40-41) and genitourinary (N00-99) systems showed higher HR and statistically significant association with the ease of return. The specific characteristics of the psychiatric inpatients including their psychiatric and physical status are associated with their post-evacuation return to their hometown. These results indicated that the evacuated hospitals' practitioners and staffs from the MPCT understood the necessity of the earlier return of inpatients to their hometown. Moreover, clinicians should pay more attention to some symptoms unique to psychiatric patients which contributed to their difficulties in returning safely or expressing their hope to return.

70 Mental Health in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a North American Tertiary Care Pediatric Emergency Department

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique distressing period of experience to the public with strict physical, social and economic restrictions. Moreover, the impact of this experience on children with school closures, online education and social isolation may have a profound psychosocial impact. Objectives The objective was to evaluate and characterize the changes in mental health issues in children presenting to a large tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all children who presented with any mental health related diagnosis according to the ICD-10 classification from March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020, and during pandemic periods (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). Data on presentation, diagnosis and outcome were extracted and compared using Chi square test and z tests as appropriate. Results Our centre experienced a 39% reduction (57,522 visits vs. 35,485 visits) in all ED visits but a significant increase (p=0.002) in mental health issues during the pandemic period of 5.22% compared to 4.88% during the previous year (2811/57522 visits vs. 1959/35485). Among 1,959 children presenting to ED during the pandemic, the majority (53%) were female children compared to a male predominance of 55% before the pandemic. The highest peak of visits was observed in the 14 to 16 years age group, irrespective of gender and pre/pandemic periods. The category that included “eating disorders” showed a distinct rise of 46% (p&amp;lt;0.001) during the pandemic period. Two categories “Intentional Self-Harm” and “External Causes of Morbidity with Undetermined Intention” did not show any difference, while “Disorders of psychological development” had a significantly low 46.5% (P&amp;lt;0.001) presentation during pandemic period. There wasn’t an increase in presentation of depression and anxiety to ED during COVID-19. However, admissions were significantly high (p&amp;lt;0.001) during the pandemic 46.5% compared to the pre-pandemic (41.6%) period. Conclusion During the pandemic, the percentage of visits related to mental health diagnoses in children increased significantly although the overall ED visits for all patients declined. As COVID-19 is expected to stay with us for the foreseeable future, we hope that this research will provide health care workers with the knowledge and understanding to optimize their approach to children at the ED.

The Role of Mental Health and Behavioral Disorders in the Development of Temporomandibular Disorder: A SWEREG-TMD Nationwide Case-Control Study

PurposeThere is a well-known association between mental and behavioral disorders (MBD) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD), although the association has not been established in population-based samples. This study aimed to investigate this relationship using national population-based registry data.Patients and MethodsThis case–control study used prospectively collected data from Swedish national registries to investigate exposure to MBD and the probability of developing TMD in all Swedish citizens with hospital-diagnosed or surgically treated TMD between 1998 and 2016. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for educational level, living area, country of birth, musculoskeletal comorbidity, and history of orofacial/neck trauma.ResultsA statistically significant association between MBD and TMD was found for mood affective disorders (OR 1.4), neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (OR 1.7), behavioral syndromes associated with psychological disturbances and physical factors (OR 1.4), disorders of adult personality and behavior (OR 1.4), disorders of psychological development (OR 1.3), behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (OR 1.4), and unspecified mental disorder (OR 1.3). The association was stronger for TMD requiring surgery, with the strongest association in patients with disorders of psychological development (OR 2.9). No significant association was found with schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, or mental retardation.ConclusionThe findings indicate an increased probability of TMD among patients with a history of certain MBD diagnoses, and a stronger association with TMD requiring surgery, specifically repeated surgery. This highlights the need for improved preoperative understanding of the impact of MBD on TMD, as TMD and chronic pain itself may have a negative impact on mental health.

Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses among adolescents with severe conduct problems – A register-based follow-up study

BackgroundBoth delinquency and out-of-home care (OOHC) are associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Reform schools (RS) are Finnish OOHC institutions for adolescents with severe conduct problems. ObjectiveWe investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among individuals with a history of RS placement. Participants and settingThe data consisted of individuals placed in a RS on the last day of the years 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 or 2011 (N = 1074) and a matched comparison group (N = 5313). MethodsInformation on lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, grouped into eight categories, was collected from the nationwide health care registry. The follow-up time ranged from 17 to 44 years. ResultsAmong RS population, 59.5 % had some psychiatric diagnosis, which was 12-fold compared to general population peers (hazard ratio HR = 12.4). The most prevalent categories were Conduct disorders and/or ADHD (30.7 %, HR = 41.5), Substance use disorders (29.3 %, HR = 16.8,), Other childhood disorders (8.6 %, HR = 11.9) and Personality disorders (10.9 %, HR = 11.6) followed by Mental retardation (6.4 %, HR = 8.4), Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (9.7 %, HR = 7.9), Affective disorders (17.9 %, HR = 7.3), and Disorders of psychological development (6.1 %, HR = 4.4). All differences were statistically significant (p < .001). ConclusionsRS background associates with an excess of psychiatric disorders, which adds to the burden of other known risk factors for adult age well-being. Effective screening and intervention for psychiatric problems should be available both during the RS placement and after-care.

Prognostic competence as a criterion for the mental health of primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders

IntroductionYounger schoolchildren with psychological development disorders have low cognitive activity, insufficient development of basic school skills, and a low level of educational motivation. In accordance with the requirements of the educational program for students with psychological development disorders, it is important to develop the ability to predict the results of their actions.ObjectivesThe study of predictive competence in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders.MethodsThe study involved 60 children aged 8-10 years with a psychological development disorder. To study predictive competence, the methodology “The ability to predict in situations of potential or real violation of social norms” was used.ResultsThe study revealed a low level of the cognitive and speech-communicative spheres of prognostic competence development in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, as well as a deficit in prediction in the field of learning, which includes educational cooperation and educational communication of the child. Generalized statements, a passive position in future situations and pessimistic attitudes prevailed in the predictions of schoolchildren when constructing an image of the future. For schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, the prognosis is presented by monosyllabic answers, with the observable poverty of speech utterances.ConclusionsThe features of prognostic competence revealed in the study make it possible to develop individual programs for the development of the prognostic abilities of schoolchildren with psychological development disorders. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.DisclosureNo significant relationships.