Development Of Private Higher Education Research Articles

Problems and Countermeasures of Faculty Construction in Private Colleges and Universities

Private higher education has developed into an important part of China’s higher education, and its development history can be described as a mixture of opportunities and challenges, achievements and confusion. The construction of private higher education faculty is faced with the challenges of serious brain drain, imbalance of talent structure, and low professional identity. Improving regulations and systems, completing supporting policies; standardising internal management, perfecting the guarantee system; strengthening the training of teachers and improving professionalism can effectively enhance the overall development of private higher education and achieve sustainable development.

Difficulties and Thinking of High-Quality Development of Private Higher Education in China in the New Period

Difficulties and Thinking of High-Quality Development of Private Higher Education in China in the New Period

The Problems and Countermeasures of the Agglomeration and Development of Private Higher Vocational Education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

At present, the agglomeration and development of private higher vocational education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is mainly due to insufficient institutional mechanisms, insufficient exchanges, insufficient cooperation, differences in concepts, insufficient characteristics, insufficient major research platforms, obvious lack of technological innovation, and differences in legal systems, etc. problem. Under the background of "One Country, Two Systems", to build high-level private higher vocational colleges with Chinese characteristics and embodying Chinese spirit, it is necessary to promote the agglomeration and development of private higher education, because this is in the accumulation of talents, resource sharing, platform co-construction, innovation and leadership. Knowledge spillovers, etc. It will play a very important role in promoting the goal of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to build a world-class bay area. Judging from the development experience of the world-class Bay Area, if private higher vocational education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area achieves agglomeration development, it is necessary to liberate educational productivity from the system and mechanism, strengthen the construction of major research platforms from the perspective of cross-border thinking, and strengthen from the aspect of technological innovation. The research of innovation theory promotes the agglomeration of innovative talents and seeks more possibilities for collaboration and cooperation from the differences in legal systems.

Comment on “Transforming Malaysia's Higher Education: Policies and Progress”

Investment in education is right as regarded one of the most important strategies for social and economic development in the long term. Historically, the private and social returns to schooling are higher at the primary and secondary levels compared to the tertiary level. However, as countries become more developed and wealthier, the returns to tertiary education could exceed that of primary education (Psacharopoulos and Patrinos, 2018). As Malaysia heads towards graduating from middle-income status, human capital development is a key policy the country's Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021–2025 (12MP, see Malaysia, 2021). For tertiary education, the goal is to improve the quality of universities. In this regard, Tham and Chong (2023) provide a timely assessment of the quality and policy challenges to improve the quality of higher education in Malaysia. A key policy challenge highlighted by Tham and Chong is how to measure the quality of higher education. As they rightly point out, the official performance indicators used such as use of selective international university rankings are clearly problematic given that the paradox of high rankings juxtaposed with under-employment of university graduates. Furthermore, they also opine that the implementation of quality assurance and accreditation systems have not ensured the quality of teaching in universities. In reflecting the challenges facing higher education in Malaysia, it is worth examining some of the key institutional and political factors as well as constraints that have shaped the trajectory of the sector in Malaysia. These include the impacts of affirmative action policies (the New Economic Policy [NEP], and its successor variants) in both student intake and faculty hiring in public universities. Ethnic (Bumiputra vs. non-Bumiputra and regional [Peninsular vs. Sabah and Sarawak]) dimensions continue to be emphasized in the 12MP. In addition, the effects of the use of Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language) as the medium of instruction at all levels of education continue to be debated. In the past, this language requirement in teaching had also limited opportunities for hiring foreign academics. The liberalization of higher education in the 1980s was partly undertaken in response to such policies. Furthermore, the subsequent internationalization of higher education created more space for the role of market forces which mitigate some of these policies. Although the emergence and development of private higher education have invigorated higher education in Malaysia, it has created a dualistic system that raises issues related in inequality. The issues of quality and inequality are intertwined. More studies are needed on the quality gap between public and private higher education in Malaysia and the extent to which it has exacerbated inequality. This has also implications of social cohesion. Needless to say, the quality of higher education in Malaysia greatly depends on the quality of primary and secondary students. The performance of Malaysian students (15 years old) in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests indicate that their performance is lower than expected given its income level (World Bank, 2019). Any assessment of the quality of higher education outputs will need to consider the quality of the student intake (ex-ante). Thus, the transformation of higher education will require reforms of primary and secondary education as a necessary pre-condition. Finally, any assessment of the quality of higher education needs to consider whether universities are producing graduates and research that meet industry needs. The phenomenon of unemployment and underemployment amongst domestic graduates suggests this is a serious problem. In upgrading the pool of skilled workers in Malaysia, the Malaysian government should also re-examine the potential benefit of facilitating the absorption of skilled foreign students educated in Malaysian universities. This would be part of a required re-orientation of the country's labor policies which are currently in favor of importing relatively low-skilled workers. Such policies also need to address the long-term structural changes in the Malaysian economy in terms of the rise of services, the relative decline of the manufacturing sector, global value chain participation, and the digital transformation. These and other issues need to be addressed for another reason—tackling the brain drain problem that involves the emigration of skilled Malaysian workers to more developed economies such as Singapore, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The Reality of Private Higher Education in Kurdistan Region- Iraq For Period (2010-2020): An Analytical Study

This researchaims to study the reality and development of private higher education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq both qualitatively and quantitatively and to determine the problems and challenges that private higher education suffers from in the region that hinder the compatibility between education outcomes and the labor market. The research examined the official data of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research concerning universities and private institutes in the period 2010-2020. The research adopts the descriptive-analytical method to reach its objectives and solve its problems. The research found that despite the growth in the number of universities, institutes, the number of students and faculty in terms of quantity, this development did not match by qualitative one. Additionally, private higher education in the Kurdistan Region suffers from many problems and challenges, including; The lack of teaching staff in many disciplines and the lack of buildings of their own. In conclusion, the research presented several suggestions, including; Revising the law of private universities in line with the reality and the country's needs and future expectations, encouraging faculty members to increase their scientific knowledge, conducting further research, and reducing scientific promotion procedures. In addition to providing the necessary administrative and financial facilities for investors to implement and increase their investments in the field of constructing and expanding buildings for private universities and institutes.

Emergence of Private Higher Education in Algeria: Actors and Pathways

Abstract Since gaining independence, the higher education sector in Algeria has undergone several reforms to fulfil the country’s requirements in terms of higher education, both to absorb the growing number of high-school graduates and meet the needs of the labour market. The emergence of a private higher education sector in Algeria has been slow in comparison to European countries, the United States, Japan and our culturally/historically-similar neighbouring countries (Tunisia and Morocco). This article reveals the results of research conducted on the context, governance and development of private higher education in Algeria. To achieve the objectives of our research, the study was conducted on five recently-accredited private higher education institutions through field observation, documentary analysis and interviews with executives, teachers and students at these institutions. The main results of the qualitative research suggest that private higher education continues to evolve through a transitional phase characterised by a gradual integration into the socio-economic framework of the country. Through these results, we contribute firstly on a theoretical and academic level by conducting the first research on the private sector of higher education in Algeria; secondly, on a practical level, by providing a clear and comprehensive view of the situation of the emerging private sector in Algeria.

The Development of Private Higher Education in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis between Northern and Southern Region

Private higher education is experiencing a rapid considerable growth for decades globally, particularly in Africa. In Nigeria, the history and the development of private higher education precisely universities which is the focus of this paper started 20 years ago with the establishment of Igbinedion University in Okada, Edo State in 1999, followed by two other universities; Babcock University, Ileshan Remo, Ogun State, and Madonna University, Okija, Anambra State in the same year all in the southern part of the country. Comparatively, the American University of Nigeria Yola was established as the first private university in northern region 4 years later. Two years after, another four universities emerged namely Al-hakima University Ilorin, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Bingham University Karu Abuja, and Kwararafa University Wukari Taraba State. As of December, 2020, there are 16 private universities in the northern region with 11 at north-central, 3 in the northwest, and 2 in the northeast against 63 in the entire southern region comprasing three goe-politcal zones as well. This study intends to critically analyze the trend of these development to identify strategies, practices, and lessons learned between both regions for the spirit of educational development. Consequently, this study revealed the issues and difficulties in promoting private higher education include lack of awareness, lack of human resources, and cost of running in the country as a whole. In line with the identified challenges, the Nigerian government and policymakers are recommended to focus on creating an enabling environment to encourage the establishments of additional private universities more specifically in the northern region.

Designing of integrated information system (IIS) scheme for private higher education in indonesia: a strategic plan

The private higher education (PHE) is now starting to intensify the use of IT (Information Technology). Often the activities conducted under conditions that are not ideal due to budget constraints. To develop the ICT (Information Communication Technology) systems in legalization efforts of private higher education is to encourage the use of software based on open-source software, the integration of all cross-data unit services within a more efficient organization to support the Decision Support System database and data warehouse, a service that is prioritized for all and access to all levels and access universally. Integration of both horizontally (between systems managing different areas) and vertically (following a structural hierarchical relationship). Placed within the framework of a holistic, top-down approach. Developed and implemented naturally, from the base (database infrastructure) grew (application and access). The PHE development done gradually evolved in different time frames, focus on procurement and IT facilities, both hardware and software. Focus on how to manage IT-based services. Focus on how to bring IT and internal seep into the organizational structure, and ultimately the transformation of the organization and the people in it. Stages of analysis can be defined with the Use Case diagrams, divided into several main modules.

Pengaruh Kemampuan Pembelajaran Organisasional Terhadap Kompetensi Inti Organisasi, dan Kinerja Organisasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Propinsi NTT Suatu Tinjauan Literatur Untuk Membangun Hipotesis Penelitian

Empirically, this paper is expected to see the extent of the development of organizational learning models in the Development of Private Higher Education in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara Province by including the dimensions of the organization's core competencies, and organizational performance in previous strategy research. With the stages of model development which can be seen the contribution and contribution of each previous research to the research carried out mainly in building research hypotheses. In this paper we also want to look gradually at how to understand the partial effect of organizational learning on the organization's core competencies, on diversification strategies and organizational performance. And how all the aspects examined above contribute to further studies in the field of strategy management concerning the effect of organizational learning on core competencies, diversification strategies and organizational performance.
 The design of this research is mostly done on companies in the field of services in general and some research on higher education organizations. Looking at / reviewing all the studies that have been done by previous researchers whose variables are used as the basis for building and developing hypotheses in this paper, namely, the influence between organizational learning, organizational core competencies and performance. With the following stages begin with searching, separating articles, extracting data, synthesizing data, reporting data.
 The main contribution in this research is to illustrate that how the construct of organizational learning needs to be developed in improving the organization's core competencies, which in the end is expected to improve the performance of private higher education organizations in NTT Province.

A Brief Discussion about the Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Private Higher Education

China's private higher education experiences nearly 40 years of development and already made great achievements. It has sent many outstanding talents to the country, but there are still some problems. This paper analyzes the development dilemma of private higher education from the aspects of enrollment, treatment of teachers and students, teachers’ qualities, and then proposes countermeasures for the development of private higher education from the perspective of learning from foreign experience in running schools, combining their own reality and relying on local economy, which is in order to provide some references for the development of private higher education in China.

The Development Trend and Strategy of the Education Marketization in Private Colleges and Universities in China

With the rapid development of economy and knowledge economy, the transformation of higher education has become the basic direction of the development of private higher education. The so-called marketization of private higher education is the organic integration of education and the the introduction of a mechanism into education management, the effective distribution of educational resources, and the provision of differentiated services according to demands. And then improve the competitiveness. In China, the marketization development of private higher education shows strong regional characteristics, that is, the top-down policy promotion by the government and the limited marketization under the government control and management, as follows: The government should deregulate, expand the autonomy of colleges and universities, introduce competition mechanism, promote the development of private and private higher education, and broaden the investment channels of private higher education. The monitoring power of the country in the marketization of colleges and universities in our country is still strong, as follows: big country, small market is the main characteristic of marketization of private higher education in our country, competition policy lacks fairness; Governance or the market, still need to find a balance.

Quality assurance for private universities in Bangladesh

PurposeCommitment of governments and development partners in achieving both qualitative and quantitative measurements for primary and secondary provisions is the key reason for the development of private higher education (HE) and its rapid expansion in the developing world. A considerable amount of attention towards primary and secondary provisions has produced a large numbers of graduates who are theoretically qualified, but have questionable competences in meeting the needs of the market. This has a significant impact on the quality of HE which is delivered by private and public provisions. The purpose of this paper is to examine quality assurance (QA) mechanism set-up for the private HE sector in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachQualitative methods were used because interviewees can express their views in a candid way, with a primary focus on the desired themes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with personnel from the Ministry of Education, the University Grants Commission, students, staff and management from public and private universities. Documents review and secondary data also supplemented.FindingsThe mechanism set-up for QA is yet to mature. Formal arrangements for the governance and regulatory control of private HE provision in Bangladesh are neither sufficient nor up-to-date to help the sector function effectively. The current rules and regulations are suitable only for public HE, but not for the private sector HE.Originality/valueA number of studies have been conducted in the area of private HE in Bangladesh. Only one of them covers QA, and none covers the impact of governance on QA. In the light of this background, this paper is the first of its kind.

Experience of the Development of Private Higher Education in America and Its References to China

The development of private higher education has a long history, and the United States is one of the most mature countries in the sector of private higher education in the world. This paper discusses the successful management experience of the US private higher education in such sectors as the property right modes, the funding sources and the internal management system and aims to seek some references to our private higher education development.

The Experience of Classified Management of Higher Education in USA and Its Enlightenment to Private Higher Education in China

The United States has the most mature private higher education in the world, whose non-profit and for-profit private universities are well developed.The exploration and practice of its classified management of the two types of private universities in the country are successful experiences. This paper discusses the classified management of the establishment and withdrawal, property rights, tax policies, funding sources, administration and governance models of the two types of private universities and aims to seek some references to our private higher education development.

ABET as a trigger for private higher education development in Gulf Cooperation Council: ALHOSN Civil Engineering Program, UAE as a case study

The Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering program offered at ALHOSN University was finally accredited by ABET. This paper, firstly and empirically, demonstrates the process of accreditation which includes self-study prior to application of accreditation, major changes required by EAC and further follow-up modifications. This is aiming to share experience, especially, with other private institutions in the country or the gulf region which are also pursuing or preparing to pursue the same for quality assurance and enhancement about the name and reputations. Meanwhile, by further changes to the curriculum, the expected outcomes of the program will be evaluated by Bloom's taxonomy in a classification contains 15 outcomes of civil engineering program. Such classification is defined by Body of Knowledge (BOK) committee in its report The Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK) for the 21st Century. The reason to cite this classification of outcomes is because it was designed to evaluate the outcomes of ABET accredited institutions.

The Development of Private Higher Education in Turkey

Acountry with a young demographic profile, Turkey continues to experience an increasing demand for higher education, which the state institutions have been unable to meet. This article describes the factors that in the past have impeded the development of private higher education in Turkey, the private sector’s present structure and place in the national system, and some of the major problems currently faced.

Quality and quality assurance in Chinese private higher education

Purpose– The paper aims to establish a quality assurance framework for Chinese private higher education (PHE) in particular and for any newly-established higher education sector in general.Design/methodology/approach– This research relied on published qualitative and quantitative data, existing literature, historical documents, and the authors' observations. It described the PHE growth context, analyzed the quality issue from three dimensions (academic, administrative, and relationship quality), and examined its quality assurance practice through three players.Findings– The paper provides empirical insights about how quality and quality assurance issues have impacted on PHE development. To approach the issues, it suggests a “quality assurance triangle” framework that is composed of three PHE players (government, market, institution) and their joint association.Research limitations/implications– Because of the relative position of each player in current quality assurance, the success of its implementation in China depends on how the government establishes the triangle system and balances its dominating roles to ensure each of the players act independently and collaboratively.Practical implications– This framework provides directions for establishing an appropriate quality assurance system for PHE in China.Originality/value– This paper fulfills an identified need to setup a sound quality assurance system for PHE in China and contributes to quality assurance literature with a new framework.

Policy Change and Private Higher Education Development: A Case Study

This research aims to explore the development of private higher education and related policy changes in China in the light of Foucault's notion of governmentality in neoliberal China. Essentially it is a synthesis of macro-level and micro-level analysis. The researcher examines policy development in combination with wide social, political and cultural backgrounds. Meanwhile a case study is carried out to investigate managers' comments on some policy documents issued at different times, in which the development of the case college is outlined as well. Data is collected through case study and interview, and it is found that central policy documents have undergone an evolution and have affected private higher education to a large extent. Yet universities and colleges are not passively accepting government's decisions, they may make various strategies within the policy permission to survive. Drawing on the conception of governmentality, some insights are provided to explain the broad social, political and cultural contexts underlying policy phenomena. It is argued that the process of policy development is a consequence of the ‘reform and openness' decision caused by political elites' changing rationalities of governing the state.

Public policy on non-governmental sector development in higher education in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century

The experience of public policy implementation in the field of non-governmental sector of higher educa-tion in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century, including the dynamics of the network of public universities development and its inadequacy of industrial society is analyzed. The background and reasons for the creation of «free» higher education, inconsistent government policies in this area, as well as the formation of the legal basis for the development of private higher education are revealed. The role of private higher edu-cation as an equalizer of government policy inflexibility on the development of higher education as well as its contribution to the elimination of disparities in training of specialists with higher education is demonstrated. The role of private higher education in providing opportunities for young people which right to receive higher education at public higher education institutions was denied by the government because of their state, sex or national attributes is analyzed. The structure of private higher education in Ukraine on the base of the mean-ing of learning activities and a process of equalizing the rights of graduates of public and non-government higher education institutions are highlighted.

A Legal Perspective on “Privateness” and “Publicness” in Latin American Higher Education

This paper considers how the law conceptualizes what is public and what private in higher education, and the legal consequences of those definitions. Following the institutionalist perspective, our interest is in the law as a source of coercive isomorphism. From the evidence gathered from seven countries in Latin America, exhibiting private sectors of varying dimension and degrees of maturity, it appears that the law assigns the same comprehensive mission to the two sectors, and expects from both the same all-encompassing repertoire of functions, regardless of the degree of development of private higher education. Yet, the law allows greater autonomy to the public sector, and delineates separate oversight and coordinating systems for private and publics, even where all of higher education is governed by the same law.