Development Of Pride Research Articles

Citizenship in prevocational education: Professional pride as a source

The practice of citizenship education has predominantly been studied in general education. This article details an interview study of citizenship education of teachers in prevocational education in the Netherlands. We investigated whether and how vocational teachers reflected on their goals and teaching practices in citizenship education. Teachers did not perceive their teaching to be working on citizenship. However, they aimed at developing professional attitudes in their students, emphasising participation and ‘doing their work well’ in order to become respected and personally responsible workers/employees. In technical education, the development of pride in and shared responsibility for the quality of the students’ craftwork was emphasised. These findings are discussed in relation to Sennett’s views on the development of craftsmanship as citizenship. We see these views as strategic openings for an alternative to the dominant verbal, individualising and adaptation oriented approach of citizenship education.

The emotional spectrum in traffic situations: Results of two online-studies

Statistics indicate that in 2011 more than 2,3 Million traffic accidents occurred on German roads inflicting almost 4100 casualties. A contributing factor for accidents is inappropriate driving behaviour (e.g., risky or aggressive driving or delayed reactions) due to the drivers’ strong emotional state. Several situational factors such as goal congruence, goal relevance and blame have been examined and are considered responsible for the nature and intensity of the emotions experienced. However, the impact – and especially the interaction – of these situational factors on emotions experienced in traffic situations are not yet sufficiently clear. Therefore two consecutive studies have concentrated on this question. The participants had to rate emotions they would experience in traffic scenarios, which were presented as short texts in an online-questionnaire. A distinct combination of the situational factors served as a framework for each of the scenarios. In order to assess an extensive variety of emotions, two different versions of the Geneva Emotion Wheel were used. In both studies different combinations of goal congruence, goal relevance and blame influenced participants’ emotions. Anger, anxiety and positive feelings such as hope, relief and satisfaction were related to the situational factors. The second study showed that the development of pride, guilt and shame could also be traced back and associated with the appraisal of those situational characteristics.

Development of PRIDe: A tool to assess physicians’ preference of role in clinical decision making

ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate items for inclusion in PRIDe (Preferred Role in Decision Making), a new tool to assess changes of role preference among professionals exposed to training in shared decision making (SDM). MethodsThis study was part of a pilot trial to evaluate the effectiveness of SDM training on the doctors’ prescription of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections. Thirty-nine family physicians were randomized to immediate exposure to training or to delayed exposure. Potential items for PRIDe and a questionnaire about physicians’ intention to engage in SDM were administered at baseline and at follow-up. ResultsFollowing analysis, we retained five items that captured a change in physicians’ preference. The items’ scores were pooled and the resulting tool showed limited internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.41) but significant test–retest reliability (immediate group: P=0.03; delayed group: P=0.008) and acceptable discriminant validity, with patients involved in decision making more actively after training than before (Fisher's test, P=0.02). ConclusionThis initial step to develop an evaluation tool to assess changes in doctors’ preference of role in decision making following SDM training shows promising results. The next step is to develop more clinical vignettes followed by questions inspired from this analysis. Practice implicationsThe PRIDe instrument can be used in the assessment of health professionals’ attitude towards shared decision making after training in shared decision making. Additional research is needed to evaluate its validity before it can be recommended for use.

The changing language policies and reversing language roles in Malawi: From colonial times (1891-1964) to the present

This article attempts to chart the language policies that Malawi has followed from colonial times (1891-1964) up to the present. The focus falls on the roles accorded to indigenous languages and English in national life and communities, respectively. In Malwi, the value of mother tongues or languages widely used by particular communities is recognised and these languages are used as instructional languages in early education. This is done to enable learners to understand basic concepts and to facilitate cognitive development. It is also to ensure that there is a smooth transition to English, which becomes the medium of instruction in standard five. The use of mother tongues and community languages of wider communication also plays an important role in the development of pride in, respect for and affiliation with mother tongues and cultural identity. It appears that there is a crucial need to for language policy in Malawi to be reviewed. To date it has been politically motivated, fragmentary and often not effectively implemented. This is particularly true since Malawi gained its independence in 1964. President Bakili Muluzi has seen the value of developing viable indigenous languages as well as some of those spoken by a small minority, However, since his election to power, language issues have received little attention: the policies he promised have not been implemented.

Visually storying living with HIV: bridging stressors and supports in accessing care

This paper examines how visual narratives may bridge relational understandings between people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A) and future oral health care providers. Borrowing from literature in participatory visual methods such as photo elicitation and photovoice, we explored how PLWH/A visually choose to represent their daily lives. This study uses a grounded theory action-oriented approach in examining the thematic analysis of 257 photos and 12 related reflective participant journals. Ten collaborative themes emerged from the participants' analysis of their photos. These themes of social support, places, family, staff, group, recovery tools, transportation, friends, medications and food exhibited the indivisible characteristics of stressors and supports commonly found in accessing care. Further researcher reflections also found three meta-themes of stigmatization, maintenance of positive mental health and the development of pride in managing one's health. PLWH/A need to share these visual themes of supports and stressors with future dental providers so that they may hopefully acquire an understanding of chronic illness that is more personalized and relationship centered rather than merely numeric and detached.

The Self-conscious emotions: theory and research

Part 1. Theoretical Perspectives: Social, Cognitive, and Neural Mechanisms Underlying Self-Conscious Emotions. Tracy, Robins, The Self in Self-Conscious Emotions: A Cognitive Appraisal Approach. Tangney, Stuewig, Mashek, What's Moral about the Self-Conscious Emotions? Leary, How the Self Became Involved in Affective Experience: Three Sources of Self-Reflective Emotions. Beer, Neural Systems for Self-Conscious Emotions and Their Underlying Appraisals. Gruenewald, Dickerson, Kemeny, A Social Function for Self-Conscious Emotions: The Social Self Preservation Theory. Part 2. Developmental Contexts and Processes. Lagattuta, Thompson, The Development of Self-Conscious Emotions: Cognitive Processes and Social Influences. Hart, Matsuba, The Development of Pride and Moral Life. Lewis, Self-Conscious Emotional Development. Part 3. Cultural Influences. Goetz, Keltner, Shifting Meanings of Self-Conscious Emotions across Cultures: A Social-Functional Approach. Fessler, From Appeasement to Conformity: Evolutionary and Cultural Perspectives on Shame, Competition, and Cooperation. Edelstein, Shaver, A Cross-Cultural Examination of Lexical Studies of Self-Conscious Emotions. Wong, Tsai, Cultural Models of Shame and Guilt. Li, Fischer, Respect as a Positive Self-Conscious Emotion in European Americans and Chinese. Part 4. Specific Emotions: Function and Conceptualization. Miller,Is Embarrassment a Blessing or a Curse? Tracy, Robins, The Nature of Pride. Gilbert, The Evolution of Shame as a Marker for Relationship Security: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Elison, Harter, Humiliation Causes, Correlates, and Consequences. Ferguson, Brugman,White, Eyre, Shame and Guilt as Morally Warranted Experiences. Part 5. Special Topics and Applications. Lickel, Schmader, Spanovic, Group-Conscious Emotions: The Implications of Others' Wrongdoings for Identity and Relationships. Stuewig, Tangney, Shame and Guilt in Antisocial and Risky Behaviors. Roberts, Goldenberg, Wrestling with Nature: An Existential Perspective on the Body and Gender in Self-Conscious Emotions. Bosson, Prewitt-Freilino, Overvalued and Ashamed: Considering the Roles of Self-Esteem and Self-Conscious Emotions in Covert Narcissism. Scheff, Runaway Nationalism: Alienation, Shame, and Anger.Part 6. Assessment. Robins, Noftle, Tracy, Assessing Self-Conscious Emotions: A Review of Self-Report and Nonverbal Measures.

Building an efficient and healthy practice.

All happy families are alike but an unhappy family is unhappy after its own fashion.1 General practitioners' professional status is, or at least has been, lower than that of hospital consultants. The jibe of “perfunctory care by perfunctory men” still cuts, more than 80 years after it was made,2 although the context is at least partly sympathetic - what can be expected of inappropriately trained, underpaid, overworked doctors without effective treatments?3 Lord Moran's surprise that general practitioners (doctors who had fallen off the career ladder) could be thought equal to consultants, expressed in 1960, can still make sensitive general practitioners wonder whether consultants regard them as equals. This history of being overshadowed by the hospital service may explain the egalitarian philosophy ingrained in general practice. Marshall Marinker, until 12 years ago a general practitioner and now director of medical education at Merck Sharp and Dohme and visiting professor at Guy's and St Thomas's United Medical and Dental School, agrees that “there is an unwritten law that general practitioners must never be hierarchical, an unwillingness to accept that some general practitioners might be better than others, a fear of unfair competition. The BMA used to frown on the display of degrees and diplomas on general practitioners' brass plates.” The need to be equal hinders cross fertilisation between practices and stultifies development. New ideas imply criticism of the status quo and elicit a defensive reaction. Dr Marinker's solution is to “Abolish the rank and file mentality. Give everyone the chance for growth.” Perhaps this is what successful practices, like Tolstoy's happy families, have in common. This article is about the development of pride and identity for ourselves, our practices, and our profession. The need to be equal hinders cross fertilisation between practices and stultifies development. New ideas imply criticism …

Pride and Mastery in Children with Autism

The goal of this study was to compare expressions of pride and mastery in samples of preschool autistic, mentally retarded and normal children. A paradigm was used in which children completed developmentally appropriate puzzles, both with and without praise. Results indicated that compared to the other children, as many autistic children smiled upon completion of the task, but many fewer looked up to share their pleasure with the parent or experimenter or drew attention to the task. Moreover, significantly more autistic children showed avoidant responses, particularly in response to praise. These findings are discussed in terms of theoretical issues regarding the development of pride and mastery in children with significant social deficiencies.

A Developmental Analysis of Pride and Shame

Theoretical and practical questions regarding the development of pride and shame in children are discussed. Feelings of efficacy are suggested as the biologically based emotional precursor to pride; fear of abandonment is suggested as the precursor to shame. On the basis of philosophical and psychological definitions of these emotions, the development of pride and shame is claimed to be linked to both cognitive-developmental factors and socialization. Specific developments through childhood and adolescence in the conditions that produce pride and shame are proposed.

Nursing service at the Mile Square Health Center of Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital.

THE community health nurse today must meet her challenges within the context of powerful and inescapable psychosocial issues, as well as dynamic changes in health and delivery care concepts. The era in history in which we are practicing propels us into experiences that are vital, exhilarating frustrating, questioning, and challenging, and that often leave us groping for answers. The spectrum of health problems confronting community nurses ranges from the most elementary-involving deficiencies in sanitation, food, housing, clothing, and communicable disease control-to the most sophisticated involving problems of family pathology, drug abuse, air and water pollution, polarization of the races, community control of and involvement in the delivery of health services, and many other issues. A recent television news program that made predictions for the 1970s included the presence of turmoil, tumult, and turbulenceall having militating implications and the potential for affecting the users and providers of health services.1 Another study suggests the following: . the need to provide black service givers in service agencies-especially so to serve persons who reflect the community leadership's concern with the development of pride in black identity.2 The shortage of prepared black public health nurses to work in such areas contributes to the panoramic concerns that confront community nursing. The focus of this article is the role of community health nursing in a neighborhood health center located on the congested near-west side of Chicago.