Development Of Prevention Programs Research Articles

Potential suicide risk among the college student population: machine learning approaches for identifying predictors and different students’ risk profiles

BackgroundSuicide is one of the leading causes of death among young people and university students. Research has identified numerous socio-demographic, relational, and clinical factors as potential predictors of suicide risk, and machine learning techniques have emerged as promising ways to improve risk assessment.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional observational study aimed at identifying predictors and college student profiles associated with suicide risk through a machine learning approach.MethodsA total of 3102 students were surveyed regarding potential suicide risk, socio-demographic characteristics, academic career, and physical/mental health and well-being. The classification tree technique and the multiple correspondence analysis were applied to define students’ profiles in terms of suicide risk and to detect the main predictors of such a risk.ResultsAmong the participating students, 7% showed high potential suicide risk and 3.8% had a history of suicide attempts. Psychological distress and use of alcohol/substance were prominent predictors of suicide risk contributing to define the profile of high risk of suicide: students with significant psychological distress, and with medium/high-risk use of alcohol and psychoactive substances. Conversely, low psychological distress and low-risk use of alcohol and substances, together with religious practice, represented the profile of students with low risk of suicide.ConclusionsMachine learning techniques could hold promise for assessing suicide risk in college students, potentially leading to the development of more effective prevention programs. These programs should address both risk and protective factors and be tailored to students’ needs and to the different categories of risk.

ØCD: protocol for the development and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral prevention program for obsessive-compulsive disorder

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) imposes significant burdens on individuals, families, and healthcare systems and the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated OCD symptoms. Currently, there are no validated prevention programs for OCD, highlighting a critical gap in mental health services. This study aims to develop and validate the first ØCD prevention program, for at-risk adults, utilizing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure response prevention (ERP) techniques.MethodsA single-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing the ØCD prevention program to a waitlist control group will be conducted. Participants, at-risk adults (18–65 years) with subclinical OCD symptoms (OCI-R score ≥ 12), will be recruited for the study. The ØCD prevention program compresise of six online group sessions incorporating CBT and ERP techniques over three modules. The primary outcomes are OCD symptom severity (measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- revised form; OCI-R), depression symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9), and anxiety symptoms (measured by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item; GAD-7). Secondary outcomes include OCD-related beliefs, experiential avoidance, resilience, quality of life, uncertainty intolerance, automatic thoughts, and distress. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, at completion of the intervention, and one year later (follow-up). At follow-up, we will also analyze the OCD diagnostic incidence, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. We will employ a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to explore whether significant differences exist between groups across dependent variables. To compare the OCD incidence levels from the pre-test to the follow-up we will use the chi-squared test.DiscusionThe present study may contribute novel data on the efficacy of OCD prevention approaches, leading to the development of an evidence-based OCD prevention program that could alleviate individual and societal burdens associated with OCD.Trial registrationThis trial was approved by the University Ethical Review Authority (937/ 28.11.2023) at Babeș-Bolyai University and is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT06262464).

Prevention of eating disorders: 2023 in review

ABSTRACT This review of 16 prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders during 2022 is framed by three models: (1) Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion → types of prevention → case identification/referral → treatment; (2) the prevention cycle: rationale and theory, shaped by critical reviews → clarifying risk and protective factors → program innovation and feasibility studies → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination; and (3) definitions of and links between disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (EDs). Seven articles fell into the category of prevention rationale (including screening studies) and relevant reviews, while nine articles addressed correlates of/risk factors (RFs) for various aspects of DE and EDs. One implication of the 16 articles reviewed is that RF research toward construction of selective and indicated prevention programs for an expanding array of diverse at-risk groups needs to address, from a nuanced, intersectional framework, a broad range of factors beyond negative body image and internalization of beauty ideals. Another implication is that, to expand and improve current and forthcoming prevention programs, and to shape effective advocacy for prevention-oriented social policy, the field in general and Eating Disorders in particular need more scholarship in the form of critical reviews and meta-analyses; protective factor research; prevention program development and multi-stage evaluation; and case studies of multi-step activism at the local, state (province, region), and national levels.

Accelerating implementation of adolescent digital health prevention programs: analysis of insights from Australian stakeholders.

Chronic disease risk factors are increasing amongst adolescents, globally. Digital health prevention programs, which provide education and information to reduce chronic disease risk factors need to be equitable and accessible for all. For their success, multiple highly engaged stakeholders should be involved in development and implementation. This study aimed to evaluate stakeholders' support for, and perspectives on potential public health impact of digital health prevention programs for adolescents and potential pathways for future implementation. Qualitative semi-structured online interviews with stakeholders. Stakeholder mapping identified key individuals, groups and organizations across Australia that may influence the implementation of digital health prevention programs for adolescents. Recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed within the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework, using deductive content analysis. Nineteen interviews were conducted in 2023 with stakeholders from government, health, non-government organizations, youth services, education, community settings and others. Four overarching themes were identified: (i) existing digital health initiatives are not fit for purpose; (ii) the co-creation of digital health prevention programs is critical for successful implementation; (iii) digital health prevention programs must address equity and the unique challenges raised by technology and; (iv) system level factors must be addressed. Stakeholders broadly supported digital health prevention programs, yet raised unique insights to ensure that future programs create public health impact by improving chronic disease risk factors among adolescents. These insights can be applied in future development of digital health prevention programs for adolescents to strengthen widespread implementation.

Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti

Although the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Haiti is well-documented, its association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. Using a representative sample of adolescents and young adults from rural and urban areas across the 10 geographical regions of Haiti, this study investigates the association between IPV and PTSD symptoms. It explores the role of social support, emotion regulation, other traumatic events, and sociodemographic factors. The sample consisted of 3,586 participants, of whom 43.21% (1,538) reported being in a dating relationship in the past year (56.04% women). Overall, 25.53% of the participants were categorized as having probable PTSD. Results showed that participants who experienced at least one episode of IPV victimization presented a higher prevalence of PTSD (32.28%) compared to those who did not have any experience (16.29%), χ2 (1) = 44.83, p < .001. The logistic regression model showed that emotional IPV, sexual IPV, traumatic life events, emotional dysregulation, and social support were associated with PTSD symptoms. This study highlights a strong association between IPV and PTSD symptoms, as well as factors that can contribute to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs among adolescents and young adults in Haiti.

TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN SURAT

Handling criminal acts of letter forgery requires a comprehensive approach through prevention policies, law enforcement, rehabilitation and collaboration between related institutions. Prevention through education, strict supervision, and strengthening document security systems is important to reduce opportunities for counterfeiting. Firm and fair law enforcement provides justice to victims and a deterrent effect for perpetrators. Rehabilitation gives perpetrators the opportunity to change and make positive contributions again. Collaboration between institutions maximizes the effectiveness of treatment, from exchanging information to developing prevention programs. Only with an integrated approach can we tackle mail fraud and protect society.

Nicotine and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Recreational Cannabis Use in Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Background: The prevalence of recreational cannabis use among adolescents is a growing public health concern due to its link to short- and long-term adverse effects on adolescents’ wellbeing, physical health, mental health, and interpersonal behaviors. Method: Five databases were searched from inception to March 17, 2023, for exposure (nicotine product, alcohol) and outcome (recreational cannabis) in adolescents (persons aged 10–19 years). The studies were screened independently by two reviewers, and the quality of the studies was assessed with Newcastle Ottawa and AXIS tool. PRISMA guidelines were employed in this review. Result: Twenty-one (21) studies involving 2,778,406 adolescents were included in the appraisal and heterogeneity was found among these studies. Ascertainment bias was commonly detected in thirteen (13) of the included studies. Among the substances examined as potential exposures, nicotine-product use emerged as a significant factor associated with future cannabis use among adolescents, particularly in mid-adolescence and in places where recreational cannabis use has been legalized. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests an association between nicotine-product use and subsequent recreational cannabis use among adolescents. However, further research is needed to establish causality between exposure to nicotine substances and the use of recreational cannabis within this age demographic. Additionally, there is a need for the development of prevention programs and targeted policies that continuously inform and update this vulnerable sub-population about the risks associated with cannabis use for leisure.

Perceived social support and mental health outcomes among perinatally HIV positive children in Gondar healthcare centers, North-Western Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Children with chronic illness are found to be at greater risk for psychiatric problems, including depression, anxiety and feelings of isolation. Particularly, HIV positive children in underdeveloped nations are more likely experiencing psychological disorders and live with socially alienated social support systems. In present study, institution-based cross-sectional research design was employed to assess the prevalence of mental health distress among HIV positive children 115(F = 69) in Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Quantitative data were collected with standardized instruments. Nurse Counsellors and case managers from the children’s ART department participated in sample selection and data collection under the close supervision of a researcher. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative data. The key findings of this study revealed that 57.4% HIV positive children reported high level in measures of anxiety and 52.2% had high depression level, while 47.8% had low self-esteem. Children’s ages, parental conditions, and perceived social support shown significant association with participants’ mental health condition. Perceived social support was a powerful set of predictors of children level of anxiety F = 1, 113 24.526, p < .001 and self-esteem F = 1, 113 6.494, p < .0.05. Furthermore, children’s age was a strong predictor of mental health status. The present study finding asserted that HIV positive children require a lifetime of continuous treatment, care and support to ensure their physical and mental development. This study reminds families, caregivers and healthcare institutions of the development of appropriate prevention and intervention program to alleviate stressful life events and improve the psychological well-being of HIV positive children.

Psychometric properties of the Risk Perception Scale for Technology Use in children and adolescents

The aim of this work is 1) to create a valid, reliable instrument with which to evaluate the risk perception of children and adolescents regarding their use of technology (cell phones, Internet, and video games); and 2) to analyze the frequency with which some risk behaviors occur in relation to perception, technology use and age. 807 children and adolescents from the province of Cordoba (Spain) answered an ad hoc questionnaire with several instruments: sociodemographic data; problematic use of cell phones, Internet, and video games; and risk perception with the Scale on Risk Perception of Technology Use for children and adolescents (EPRUT). The results obtained from the factor analysis reveal that the RPSTU has three dimensions, related to cell phones, Internet, and video games, respectively. Differences were observed in the relationship between age and risk perception, with older people having the highest risk perception. Assessing risk perception will favor the detection and development of prevention programs for the use of technology in children and adolescents.

Epidemiology of injuries at the 2023 UCI cycling world championships using the International Olympic Consensus: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

The sport of cycling consists of several individual sporting disciplines. Indeed, the world governing body for cycling, Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), oversees the various cycling disciplines, with each of these...

요양병원에서의 낙상사고 관련 요인

Objectives This study aimed to identify factors that influence the risk of falls in the long-term care hospital, and provide basic data for the development of a fall prevention program.&#x0D; Methods This is a secondary analysis study that analyzed a total of 2,906 cases using fall incident data from long-term care hospitals in the 2021 and 2022 patient safety reporting data. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 program.&#x0D; Results Among the fall incidents, 24.9%(724)were near misses, 39.7%(1,152) were adverse events, and 35.4% (1,030) were sentinel events. The degree of harm of falls in long-term care hospitals showed significant differences in the gender, location where safety incident occured, and bed size. In addition, adverse events was associated with rehabilitation⋅physical theraphy room, resting area and factors affecting sentinel events were gender and shower room.&#x0D; Conclusions In order to improve patient safety in long-term care hospitals, the fall prevention system and physical environment should be continuously improved. In addition, there is a need to develop a differential fall prevention education programs at the organizational level and conduct periodic education for employees and in hospital patients.&#x0D;

Гендерні та вікові особливості феномену емоційного вигорання серед фахівців у галузі інформаційних технологій

The research focuses on gender and age aspects of emotional burnout among information technology (IT) professionals and examines the influence of various factors, such as gender and age, on the occurrence and development of emotional burnout in IT workers. The research analyses the relationship between gender and emotional burnout, reveals possible differences in the perception of the working environment, stressful situations, and the ability of coping strategies between men and women in the IT field. The influence of age factors on emotional burnout is also studied, it is analyzed how the levels of stress and burnout change during different stages of career growth. The research aims to identify the specifics of coping with stressful situations and effective methods of preventing emotional burnout for different groups of IT workers. Various aspects of emotional burnout are considered, including stress at work, dissatisfaction with career growth, age, and gender differences in the perception of workload and emotional well-being. The study aims to expand the understanding of the problem of emotional burnout in the context of the IT industry and provides grounds for the development of personalized strategies to support and manage emotional risks in this professional environment. In addition, specific recommendations are offered for the development of gender-sensitive and age-oriented burnout prevention programs (individual support strategies, stress management training and creation of working conditions conducive to maintaining mental health). Also presented are directions for further research in this area for a deeper understanding of gender and age aspects of burnout, studying the relationship between working conditions and emotional burnout, developing, and evaluating the effectiveness of intervention programs, as well as considering the latest technologies and changes in the work environment. These studies will contribute to the expansion of knowledge about emotional burnout and the development of more effective strategies to prevent and overcome it.

The relationship and relevant factors between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in adolescents

Depression and sleep difficulties have a strong association. Depression may coexist with long-term sleep difficulties in some people, and vice versa for those who already have depression, they are more likely to develop sleep disturbance. In other words, the development of one symptom can trigger the development of another. Patients must therefore pay close attention to their sleep difficulties. Numerous psychiatric illnesses that are related to sleep difficulties might worsen a patient's overall condition. If the issue of sleep difficulties is not resolved in a timely manner, it may eventually lead to the appearance of other connected psychiatric illnesses, which may make the patient's condition worse overall. Depression is a prevalent mental illness. Clinical symptoms of depression commonly include tiredness, delayed thinking, and diminished volitional activity. Sleep disturbances can arise for a variety of reasons, including physical illnesses and psychological issues. This review can provide some suggestions for the development of prevention and intervention programs for individuals with depression and sleep disturbance.

The Research on Risk Factors for Adolescents' Mental Health.

There is a growing tendency for mental health disorders to emerge during adolescence. These disorders impair emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning, such as unsatisfying peer relationships, disruptive behavior, and decreased academic performance. They also contribute to vulnerability in later adulthood which negatively influences life-long well-being. Thus, research into etiology is imperative to provide implications for prevention and intervention within family and school practices. It is suggested that the onset of psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, is closely related to stress levels and patterns of stress reaction. Therefore, considerable research has investigated the link between hereditary factors, economic status, dispositional vulnerability, social relationships, and stress levels. The current study examines existing evidence and identifies multifaceted risk factors for adolescents' mental problems across three layers, including individual traits and personality, family status and practices, as well as peer relationships, and school climate. It is also suggested that factors from these three perspectives interact and are closely interconnected, directly or indirectly contributing to adolescent psychopathology. The implications for future development of prevention and intervention programs, as well as therapy, are discussed.

Engagement with Adolescent Substance Prevention Messages: Impact and Dissemination of REAL Media

ABSTRACT This article reviews the development and testing of a youth substance prevention program, REAL media. The contributions of this body of research include theoretical development, measurement, and dissemination of an efficacious independently evaluated program. Special attention is given to the impact of the program through collaborations with multiple community groups and multiple phases of development and testing.

Bereavement for Companion Animals: Intensity, Moderating Variables, and Effects on Wellbeing

This study examines the intensity of grieving experienced by volunteers from animal protection organizations in southern Spain. A total of 130 volunteers (86% female; M = 42.0 years) reported on their reactions to loss following the death of animals under their care, levels of empathy, anthropomorphism, and attachment experienced toward these animals, received social support, and overall health status. The results showed that 65.5% of participants displayed signs of general complicated grieving (83% on the grief scale; 40% on the anger scale; 47% on the guilt scale). The intensity of grief was associated with higher symptomatology (linear polynomial ANOVA, **p < .01). The linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between attachment levels, anthropomorphism, empathy, family support (inverse), and the intensity of grieving experienced (*p < .05). Taken together, these findings indicate the existence of complicated mourning reactions among volunteer staff in animal protection organizations, justifying the development of specific prevention programs.

Perceptions of professional stakeholders on perpetration prevention programs designed to prevent sexual offending against children

There has been an increasing focus on the development of perpetration prevention programs designed to prevent the onset of sexual offending against children (online and offline). The present study involved a thematic analysis of 20 professional stakeholders in Nova Scotia who participated in a semi-structured interview that occurred prior to the development and implementation of a perpetration prevention program. Results highlighted that stakeholders saw value in a perpetration prevention program aimed at preventing the onset of sexual offending against children. Stakeholders noted that program content should address sexual-based concerns, focus on improving mental health and well-being, and consider the role of trauma. Stakeholders also emphasized the importance of creating a safe therapeutic environment. Several barriers were identified that focused on recruitment challenges, the role of fear and stigma, and the inclusion of diverse clients and facilitators. The importance of leveraging community organizations and supports was also highlighted. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to perpetration prevention programming.

Homophobic cyberbullying involvement and academic outcomes among LGBTQIA adolescents: moderating effect of perceived social support from Gay-Straight Alliances

ABSTRACT This one-year longitudinal study examined the moderating effect of perceived social support from school-based Gay-Straight Alliances in the associations between homophobic cyberbullying involvement (i.e., victimization, bystanding) and academic outcomes (e.g., classroom misconduct, school readiness, academic performance, absenteeism, school behavioural problems), measured one year later, among 470 adolescents (M age = 16.01 years; 56% female) who identified as LGBTQIA. Perceived social support from Gay-Straight Alliances moderated the relationship between homophobic cyberbullying victimization and Time 2 classroom misconduct, absenteeism, and school behavioural problem. Furthermore, perceived social support from Gay-Straight Alliances further moderated these associations for Time 2 academic performance, school readiness, and cyberbullying victimization. Similar patterns were found for homophobic cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 academic performance and absenteeism. Our findings highlight the need for more research on homophobic cyberbullying, the crucial role Gay-Straight Alliances can play in mitigating negative outcomes associated with homophobic cyberbullying involvement, and the development of inclusive anti-cyberbullying prevention programmes that acknowledge the needs of LGBTQIA adolescents.

한국 중년여성의 대사증후군에 영향을 미치는 요인

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the impact of health-related variables and women's health-related variables on metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women of normal weight. The objective was to provide foundational data for the development of preventive education and intervention programs for metabolic syndrome among this population in the future. The study included 1,357 middle-aged women who participated in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016, 2017, 2018) and were categorized as normal weight (BMI 18.5-22.9). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS WIN 27.0, and for all analyses, variance estimation strata, clusters, and integrated weights were calculated to perform complex sample analysis. Among the subjects, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 5.3%. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age, menopausal status, and menopausal age were not significant factors. However, compared to those who reported their subjective health status as “good,” individuals reporting “reasonable” health had a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, individuals who did not engage in regular physical activity had a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those who did. The factor that most influences metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women of normal weight is subjective health status. Subjective health status can serve as an indicator for identifying high-risk groups for diseases or prioritizing interventions in the health management of middle-aged women in the future.

Analysis of factors associated with the first lumpy skin disease outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in different regions of Thailand.

Thailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in upper northeastern, northeastern, and central regions, where face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors associated with LSD outbreaks. A total of 489 beef herds, including 161 LSD outbreak herds and 328 non-LSD herds, were investigated. Results showed that 66% of farmers have operated beef herds for more than five years. There were very few animal movements during the outbreak period. None of the cattle had been vaccinated with LSD vaccines. Insects that have the potential to act as vectors for LSD were observed in all herds. Thirty-four percent of farmers have implemented insect control measures. The final mixed effect logistic regression model identified herds operating for more than five years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.53) and the absence of insect control management on the herd (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29-3.25) to be associated with LSD outbreaks. The implementation of insect-vector control measures in areas at risk of LSD, especially for herds without vaccination against the disease, should be emphasized. This study provides the first report on risk factors for LSD outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in Thailand and offers useful information for the development of LSD prevention and control programs within the country's context.