Development Of Potholes Research Articles

Innovative Integration of Recycled Plastics for Flexible Pavement Design

Plastic waste is a major problem due to its non-biodegradable nature. Incorporating recycled plastic in road construction enhances mechanical properties effectively. This paper encompasses methods to solve two major issues in Nepal, largely focused in major cities of Nepal: primarily, the management of solid waste, specifically with consideration of used plastics which have engulfed main cities; secondarily, the development of potholes on roads due to heavy traffic weight and some environmental factors such as excessive precipitation and infiltration, flooding conditions. This study inspects the effect of combining waste thermoplastic polymers like High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Polypropylene (PP) in flexible pavement design, at various plastic compositions. The plastics were grinded and mixed with the bitumen at a temperature range of 160 °C–170 °C. Various tests such as the Marshall Stability test, Penetration test, Ductility test, and, Softening Point test were carried out to find the resulting modifications from base bitumen. It was observed that the plastic mixed sample upto 10% by weight shows sufficient mechanical properties of pavements. Being a cheap and effective way of improving the capacity of flexible pavement, It is one of the alternative ways to use plastic waste.

Appraisal and Assessment of Hydraulic Geometry and Development of Potholes on Bedrock Channel of Kukadi River, Maharashtra, India

Appraisal and Assessment of Hydraulic Geometry and Development of Potholes on Bedrock Channel of Kukadi River, Maharashtra, India

Developing novel pothole patching mixtures utilizing iron ore waste as substitute to conventional aggregates with anti-stripping agent

Development of potholes on roads and streets of prominent cities in India after the onset of monsoons is a common phenomenon. The remedy used for restoration of potholes is termed as “Patching” which prevents rapid pavement deterioration and provides smooth traffic flow. The present article aims at developing novel pothole patching mixtures utilizing Iron Ore Waste (IOW) as substitute to conventional aggregates (CA) with anti-stripping agent (ASA). Mix design, adhesion, cohesion, and moisture sensitivity of pothole patching mixtures were evaluated. Mix design properties were evaluated adopting the Marshall method, adhesion properties were evaluated as per Virginia Department of Transportation (DOT) test procedure, cohesion properties were evaluated as per AASHTO TP-44–94, and moisture sensitivity was evaluated using modified Lottman test. The strength of the initial and fully cured stages improved when IOW was substituted with conventional aggregates, and it was higher than 5.1 kN. As for Cohesion, every substance under investigation retained more than 60% of its original composition at the initial test conditions (4 °C and five blows). When tested at 25 °C and five blows, cohesiveness exhibited the same pattern as when tested at 4 °C. The findings of the adhesive test showed that IOW-Z has a maximum adhesion time of 35 s. Moreover, IOW-based pothole patching mixtures outperformed CA-based pothole patching mixtures in terms of resistance to moisture sensitivity. Results also indicate addition of ASA improved adhesion, cohesion, and moisture sensitivity properties of pothole patching mixtures regardless of aggregate type.

Assessment of Causes of Pothole Development on Chandigarh Roads

Assessment of Causes of Pothole Development on Chandigarh Roads

Finite element modelling of partially saturated asphalt specimens subjected to frost – towards an explanation of winter potholes

ABSTRACT This article is related to the development of potholes in bituminous pavements possibly occurring in winter at negative temperature and in presence of pore water in the asphalt concrete (AC) layers. It was shown already that this type of degradation could be due to swelling of the AC pore water. A constitutive law was previously developed to model this phenomenon; the present article deals with its implementation in a finite element (FE) program to evaluate the mechanical effects induced by the propagation of a frost front in a pavement. This novel program handles the coupling between the thermoviscoelastic problem with swelling in AC materials and the heat equation with phase change. First applied to the modelling of characterization tests on partially saturated AC specimens, the developed program has proved to be relevant. Then, to get closer to onsite conditions, an original frost-thaw test was carried out on a bilayer AC structure partially saturated. The test led to the delamination of the two layers during the second frost-thaw cycle. Its modelling showed that the interface rupture was triggered by differential strains and self-stress fields developing in the sample. These results can provide an explanation to the initialisation of the pothole issue.

MIX DESIGN OF HMA AND CMA FOR POTHOLE REPAIRS

Development of potholes on flexible pavements is very common phenomena during monsoon and after monsoon in India. Problems of road distresses, especially problems of potholes on flexible pavements are becoming more dangerous for users. Potholes are not only cause for road accidents but also they are creating discomfort to passengers. Generally hot mix is used by government for patch work of potholes. But in rainy season hot mix plants are closed, so hot bituminous mix is not available for filling of potholes. Also considering heating temperature required for hot mix which is around 1800C, there is a big problem of environmental pollution. Generally people use conventional methods like murum filling or aggregate filling etc, but these methods provide temporary convenience for passengers and after some time again potholes are formed. Various readymade patching materials are also available in market for patching works, but considering costs, they are uneconomical. In this study the approach is made towards new cold mix which can be used in rainy season also for patching works. The aim of the study is to prepare a economical cold patching mix which can be used for patching works at normal temperatures. Road survey is carried out for classification of potholes based on their actual dimensions to decide upon sizes of precast Hot Mix Asphalt blocks.

Geo-hydrological response to pothole formation: a quantitative study of Kharsoti River, India

This work includes the mechanism of pothole morphology, development, growth and dynac changes in meso and micro level. The study highlights some inter linkages of certain specific parameters like geological and hydrological concerns in pothole mechanism of Kharsoti River. Reviewing our geomorphological knowledge, potholes are mainly found to be concentrated in upper most part of the river where the stream energy is maximum but here our study area is included in the middle part and lower part of the Kharsoti River which is a typical example of rejuvenated antecedent tributary river of Subarnarekha River in Chhotanagpur plateau and exist like a bedrock river. Both shearing (geological) and huge discharge (hydrological) response are the concerned mechanisms in the development of potholes as micro fluvial landforms. One the basis of the analysis it is necessary to give a new threshold of quantitative methods in landforms study under a systematic scientific geographical background. Regarding the hydrological parameters like discharge, suspended load, stream power, velocity have been considered and some normal attributes like slope, bedrock character, rocky exposed on the riverbed etc. This type of work will help to open a new window for studying the micro landform mechanism in a contemporary method.

Evaluation of the role of rock properties in the development of potholes: A case study of the Indrayani knickpoint, Maharashtra

The most conspicuous erosional features associated with constricted bedrock channel reaches and knickpoints are potholes. The presence and morphology of potholes have been attributed to a number of factors by earlier researchers. Amongst these factors, the role of substrate rock properties has received very little quantitative attention. The main objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the physical properties of bedrock in order to test the possible influences of rock properties on the occurrence and morphology of potholes. The area selected for this study is a large scabland area developed by the Indrayani river at Shelarwadi near Pune. This site is ideally suited for the study since it is featured by wide straths, multiple inner channels and several hundred potholes. A transect-based quadrat method was used in this study. Within each quadrat, the pothole dimensions, the joint length, joint direction, the rock mass strength and the distance from active channel were measured. The analysis reveals a weak correlation between pothole size and rock properties. The distance from the active channel emerges as the most significant factor, suggesting that the hydraulics of flows is the key factor and substrate characteristics play only a secondary role.

Formation and development of stream potholes in a gorge in Guangdong

The goal of this study is to provide information on the process of pothole growth on a gorge streambed. Pothole geometries were measured in a reach of the Dabu river bed at the head of a gorge more than 200 m deeply incising into a 650-750 m high planation surface formed in the middle Miocene in northern Guangdong, China. Geometric and derivative data of the potholes obtained from fieldwork were interpreted using standard statistical method- ologies. Our study shows that the formation and development of a stream pothole were only related to local conditions of a stream reach where the pothole occurs; the weaknesses, which are usually intersect fractures, typically interconnected vertical joints, or triangular pits generated by hitting of rock fragments during floods, initiate the pothole development on a streambed; the geometrical dimensions of the potholes are controlled by tectonic joints de- veloped in bedrock of the stream reach; the radius and the depth of potholes are strongly (log) positive correlated; the pothole shapes and the flow patterns are inconstant during pothole growth; a pothole can be formed within a short period, but cannot be fully developed and maintained for a long time in a strong incision streambed. The finding in our study can im- prove the understanding of Quaternary environment in Guangdong.