Development Of Porous Carbon Research Articles

One-pot synthesis of self S-doped porous carbon for efficient CO2 adsorption

Considering the rising environmental and efficiency concerns, the development of porous carbon via a surface decoration approach has received great attention for selectively adsorb CO2 from the flue gas. Herein, self-S-doped porous carbon was prepared from petroleum coke with high sulfur content (PHS) utilizing KOH as an activating agent. The effect of the activating temperatures and the KOH/PHS mass ratio on the physical feature and CO2 uptake performance of the as-synthesis porous carbons was fully examined. The optimal sample (PHS-650-3) presents the specific BET surface area and total pore volume of 1278 m2/g and 0.56 cm3/g, respectively. The PHS-650-3 sample displayed the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.18 and 5.57 mmol g−1 at 25 and 0 °C and 1 bar thanks to its enhanced textural characteristics and high amount of sulfur functionality on the surface. Last but not least, the as-synthesized S-doped porous carbon shows ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) CO2/N2 selectivity of 21, fast adsorption kinetics, suitable heat of adsorption value and stable uptake capacity upon consecutive adsorption cycles, claiming its readily potential CO2 adsorption applications.

A cost-effective synthesis of heteroatom-doped porous carbon by sulfur-containing waste liquid treatment: As a promising adsorbent for CO2 capture

Based on efficiency and environmental concerns, the development of porous carbon from waste and biomass materials has attracted extensive attention as a novel approach. In this study, poplar sawdust was an inexpensive carbon precursor, sulfur-containing waste liquid (SCWL) was used as a modifier to turn waste into treasure, and potassium oxalate (K2C2O4) was a mild activator, successfully prepared N, S, O co-doped new porous activated carbon with excellent CO2 capture performance. The heteroatom doping and pore structure can be controlled by using SCWL and K2C2O4, and adjusting the activation temperature. The best sample (PCSK-2-3-800) prepared with SCWL and K2C2O4 showed excellent CO2 adsorption performance, reaching 3.82 and 5.61 mmol/g under normal pressure at 25 and 0 °C, respectively. This is attributed to the synergy of porous structure and surface chemistry. The pore structure parameter results showed that K2C2O4 promotes the development of activated carbon pore structure. The specific surface area, micropore volume and narrow micropore volume of PCSK-2-3-800 are 1418 m2/g, 0.55 cm3/g and 0.43 mL/g, respectively. The characterization results of FTIR and XPS showed that the addition of SCWL can successfully introduce heteroatoms into the carbon skeleton, and form CO2-philic active sites on the surface of the porous carbon. Both aspects promoted the adsorption of CO2. In addition, the PCSK-2-3-800 sample has a moderate adsorption heat of 27.13 kJ/mmol, good adsorption selectivity of CO2 and N2 is 13, and excellent recyclability, which is very promising for CO2 separation or storage. This paper develops a sustainable scheme for the first-time using biomass and SCWL to develop a new solid carbon adsorbent, which provides useful information and inspiration for capturing CO2.

Graphene-based semi-coke porous carbon with N-rich hierarchical sandwich-like structure for efficient separation of CO2/N2

The semi-coke based porous carbon has the advantage of low price for carbon dioxide adsorption. However, its selectivity and adsorption capacity is not ideal. Therefore, we proposed a new strategy for preparing graphene based semi-coke porous carbon with a nitrogen-rich layered sandwich structure. The specific surface area of the porous carbon was 701.53 m 2 g −1 , the microporosity was 74%, and the adsorption capacity of CO 2 at 298 K and 30 bar reached 7.11 mmol∙g −1 . This is because the layer spacing contributes to the superior CO 2 transport and storage. Additionally, the CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of CO 2 was greatly improved due to the introduction of secondary amino acids. Therefore, the excellent separation selectivity of the binary mixture (CO 2 /N 2 = 28.24, at 298 K) was achieved. Finally, the adsorption heat and cycle stability analysis demonstrated that it has outstanding cycle regeneration ability. The strategy proposed in this work provides a new idea for the commercial application and development of porous carbon. • Graphene-based semi-coke porous carbon with hierarchical sandwich-like structure. • The layer spacing contributes to the superior CO 2 transport and storage (0.362 nm). • The separation selectivity (CO 2 /N 2 ) of porous carbon is 28.24 at 298 K.

Sustainable Porous Carbon Materials Derived from Wood-Based Biopolymers for CO₂ Capture.

Porous carbon materials with tunable porosities and functionalities represent an important class of CO2 sorbents. The development of porous carbons from various types of biomass is a sustainable, economic and environmentally friendly strategy. Wood is a biodegradable, renewable, sustainable, naturally abundant and carbon-rich raw material. Given these advantages, the use of wood-based resources for the synthesis of functional porous carbons has attracted great interests. In this mini-review, we present the recent developments regarding sustainable porous carbons derived from wood-based biopolymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) and their application in CO2 capture.

Investigation of rice husk derived activated carbon for removal of nitrate contamination from water

Development of porous carbons with high specific surface area (>1200mg−1) targeted at nitrate removal from aqueous solutions is investigated by chemical activation of carbonized rice husk. Potassium carbonate is used as activating and desilicating agent. The effect of post-synthetic treatment by gas phase ammoxidation with ozone/ammonia or oxidation with concentrated nitric acid followed by nitrification with urea on main physicochemical properties and on the effectiveness of the activated carbons in nitrate removal is compared with those determined for a pristine activated carbonized rice husk sample. The two-fold enhancement of nitrate removal by the urea-modified activated carbon in comparison with pristine and ammoxidated sample is in direct correlation with the development of surface basic groups.

Development of porous carbons from urea formaldehyde resin for carbon dioxide adsorption

Development of porous carbons from urea formaldehyde resin for carbon dioxide adsorption

Applications of porous carbon materials in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction

Oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are fundamental in various energy storage and conversion devices. Their activity determines the overall performance of these devices. Due to the sluggish kinetics of ORRs, a catalyst is often required, and in this regard, carbon materials are important as supports of noble metals such as Pt and Pd, and various non-noble metals, or even as metal-free catalysts. As a result, the development of porous carbons is playing a very important role in the advancement of ORR catalysts. We review the development of the ORR catalysts based on porous carbons, including their use as noble-/non-noble metal supports and metal-free catalysts, together with their synthesis methods and structural tuning. We also reviewtheir future prospects for ORR catalysis.

One-step ammonia activation of Zhundong coal generating nitrogen-doped microporous carbon for gas adsorption and energy storage

Development of porous carbon with both high surface area and high heteroatom doping has attracted considerable research attention in the fields of gas adsorption and electrochemical energy storage. However, cost-effective and scalable production strategies are still needed to accelerate industrial applications. In this study, we exploit a new type of nitrogen-doped microporous carbon by direct carbonization of abundant and low-cost Chinese Zhundong coal under ammonia atmosphere. As an adsorbent, the CO2 adsorption capacity of this material can reach 3.71 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 1 bar with a high CO2/N2 selectivity of 22.83; the SO2 adsorption capacity reaches 132.5 mg g−1 at room temperature. Used as electrode materials, their specific capacitance is as much as 205 F g−1 for supercapacitors at a low current density of 0.5 A g−1 and maintains 129 F g−1 at 50 A g−1. The discharge capacity as a sodium ion battery anode at 200 mA g−1 remains 190 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles. Together with their simple synthesis and inexpensive raw materials, these findings indicated that our N-doped carbon materials have great potential for practical application.

Gasification Kinetics of Date palm seed using Carbon Dioxide

Gasification is a well-known reaction owing to its relevance to generation of sustainable energyfrom biomass and development of porous carbons. The present paper attempts to experimentally investigate the kinetics of palm shell char gasification using carbon dioxide (CO2) in a controlled environment using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) at temperatures ranging from 800 to1000°C. A relevant kinetic model representing the experimental data was identified by fitting the experimental data with popular semi empirical kinetic models such as Linear Model (LM), Volume Reaction Model (VRM), Shrinking Core Model (SCM), and Random Pore Model (RPM). The model kinetic parameters were evaluated by minimizing the sum of root mean square error (RMSE). Among the models tested the RPM exhibited very close adherence to the experimental data evidenced from the minimum RMSE of 0.0046. The ability of the RPM model to represent the gasification kinetics was attributed to its ability to account for the pore growth during initial stages of gasification and destruction of pores due to coalescence in later stages of gasification. The rate of reaction increased with increase in temperature and activation energy was found to be 64.5 KJ/mol.