Developmental Research Articles

MEDICINA FETAL: O AVANÇO QUE LEVOU À CIRURGIA INTRAUTERINA

Objective: To discuss the evolution of fetal medicine with an emphasis on current aspects of fetal surgical therapy. Methodology: An integrative literature review was carried out, using relevant articles found in the databases: Lilacs, PubMed, Scholar Google and Scielo. Studies whose full text was not available for free were excluded. Bibliographical Review: Fetal surgery has gained ground as a therapeutic possibility for various congenital pathologies. Through it, diagnoses that were previously considered lethal or seriously damaging are now treatable. However, its techniques are still constantly improving, and its indications are specific and reserved. It is up to the care team to carry out the timely diagnosis of anomalies, as well as to identify the conditions capable of fetal correction in order to guarantee the adequate physiological development of the fetus through early surgical intervention. Final Considerations: Fetal surgery was a milestone in the treatment of serious congenital pathologies, by enabling intrauterine antenatal treatment. Its advances make it possible to treat more and more pathologies, with a progressive reduction in risks. However, this is not yet an available treatment option for the vast majority of Brazilian patients, as its implementation is limited to a few specialized professionals from large centers.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIFE VALUES AND EDUCATIONAL MOTIVATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE

The article reveals the definitions of the concepts of “motivation for educational activity” and “life values”. The research of both domestic and foreign scientists on the formation of motivation and value orientations is analysed. Special attention is paid to the fact that it is primary school age that is a sensitive period for the formation of motivation and life values. It is also proved that there is a close relationship between educational motivation and attitude to life values.

7341 Establishing a Multidisciplinary Care Program for patients with Klinefelter Syndrome and other Aneuploidy X and Y Variations

Abstract Disclosure: C.J. Romero: None. N.R. Malhotra: None. A. Norris-Brilliant: None. C. Mintz: None. Objectives: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common genetic aneuploidies denoted by a XXY karyotype and affects up to 1 in 600 patients. Most patients are not diagnosed until adolescent years or adulthood. KS is one of the leading causes of male infertility and testosterone insufficiency. KS is also associated with developmental delays, particularly speech and language delay. Advances in genetics screenings has led to early identification of KS and other aneuploidy X and Y variations, access to neurodevelopmental screening and fertility preservation resources during adolescence and young adulthood. We believe a multidisciplinary program for KS can provide the necessary resources for patients and families at any age from infancy to young adulthood. Methods: A group of faculty from the divisions of pediatric endocrinology, genetics, urology and psychiatry assembled in 2023 to establish a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) to provide comprehensive care to patients/parents; this ranged from prenatal diagnosis to young adulthood. Two major challenges of care are access to neuro-psychological evaluations and fertility preservation options. Testosterone supplementation requires appropriate referral to endocrinology and timing of treatment remains controversial. Our goals include: expertise guidance and planning after prenatal diagnosis or later in age; access to cost effective neuro-psychological testing during early childhood years; urological consultation beginning in early puberty to educate and prepare patients for choices of surgical and non-surgical options of fertility preservation. Results: Our current center cares for 12 patents ranging from ages 3 months to 21 years. Of this cohort, 3 (25%) of the patients had initial consultations with the parents during pregnancy. 7 (58%) of the patients were of pubertal age that one would consider testosterone replacement, but only 3 (43%) were taking testosterone. Only 1 patient of school age reported neuro-psychological evaluation that was completed at a different institution. No patients received testosterone supplementation during year one of life. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary team can offer simultaneous assessment, anticipatory guidance and management for KS patients and their families. It is a comprehensive resource to our community. Prenatal genetic screenings bring awareness to this diagnosis and therefore timely education toward understanding the lifelong management of KS. Identifying developmental delays early in childhood will help with scholastic success. Monitoring of pubertal development will ensure appropriate pubertal progression in addition to education and management of fertility preservation. Undoubtedly future urological advances will assist patients more effectively. We believe our model provides the access to resources that allow our patients and family to successfully thrive. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Psychological impacts of AI use on school students: a systematic scoping review of the empirical literature

This systematic scoping review aimed to collate evidence assessing associations between AI use and psychological outcomes (including cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses to these intelligent systems) for school students from preschool (age <5 years), primary school (age 5–11 years), middle school (age 12–14 years), to high school (age 15–18 years). Original empirical studies were identified in seven reliable databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, IEEE, and ERIC), resulting in 189 eligible studies. From these, we have identified 24 relevant studies reporting students’ hands-on experiential learning outcomes on AI use. Findings revealed that the use of AI in schools can have both positive and negative impacts on the psychological well-being of students. Increased engagement, cognitive achievement, self-efficacy, learning autonomy, and decreased frustration are among the benefits of this strategy; nevertheless, over reliance, anxiety, stress, social isolation, unstable mental health, and moral dilemmas including privacy, bias, and justice are among its drawbacks. Overall, the psychological impacts of AI use among school students are multifaceted, context-dependent and across grades. By carefully considering the design, implementation, and ethical decorum of AI in school education, teachers and policymakers can maximise its benefits by mitigating potential risks in practicing technology enhanced learning.

An early parenting intervention focused on enriched parent-child interactions improves effortful control in the early years of school.

This study examined long-term mediating effects of the smalltalk parenting intervention on children's effortful control at school age (7.5 years; 2016-2018). In 2010-2012, parents (96% female) of toddlers (N = 1201; aged 12-36 months; 52% female) were randomly assigned to either: standard playgroup, smalltalk playgroup (group-only), or smalltalk playgroup with additional home coaching (smalltalk plus). Multi-informant data indicated that smalltalk plus had unique indirect effects on children's effortful control, through parents' capacity to 'maintain and extend' children's focus during joint interactions. Possible mediating pathways via parent verbal responsivity, home learning activities, and descriptive language use were not supported. When parents received a structured playgroup program with additional home coaching, sustainable benefits were evident in children's self-regulation, assessed in the early school years.

The current diagnosis and treatment situation of rare disease in the pediatric intensive care unit

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of children with rare diseases in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), the distribution of disease types and populations, clinical characteristics, and the use of orphan drugs. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted. Data were collected from 105 children aged 29 days to <18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of rare diseases according to the "First Batch of Rare Disease Catalogue in China" who were admitted to the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. Data including general information, auxiliary examinations, and treatment details for each patient were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Patients were divided into age groups: infancy (29 days to<1 year), early childhood (1 to <3 years), preschool age (3 to<7 years), school age (7 to<13 years), and adolescence (13 to<18 years). The chi-square test was used to compare gender distribution differences among various rare diseases. Results: A total of 105 patients with 130 cases meeting the diagnostic criteria were included, accounting for 4.7% (130/2 754) of the total admissions to the PICU. The age at PICU admission was 5.3 (0.8, 9.5) years and there were 81 cases in male. The 3 most common types of diseases were endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (37 cases); followed by neurological disorders(32 cases); and congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities(17 cases). The 5 most common rare diseases were methylmalonic acidemia (14 cases), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (14 cases), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (12 cases), autoimmune encephalitis (12 cases), and idiopathic cardiomyopathy (9 cases). The distributions of common rare diseases varied among different age groups. In infants, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was most common (6 children). There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender among children with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (13.6% (11/81) vs. 6.1% (3/49), χ2=1.77, P=0.184). Respiratory failure (36 cases) was the primary reason for rare diseases children to be admitted to the PICU. A total of 95 cases underwent mechanical ventilation, 39 cases received multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment, and only 6 children received orphan drug therapy during their stay in the PICU. Conclusions: Rare diseases are not uncommon in PICU. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities were common. Methylmalonic acidemia, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and autoimmune encephalitis have higher cases. Many children with rare diseases in the PICU have complex conditions those are challenging to treat, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration. The utilization rate of orphan drugs among children with rare diseases in PICU needs to be improved.

Growth in fat free mass but not fat mass in preterm infants until six months is associated with cognitive outcomes at school age

Growth in fat free mass but not fat mass in preterm infants until six months is associated with cognitive outcomes at school age

Effects of Blood Lead Levels

Lead exposures among school-age children are a major public health issue. Although the harmful effects of lead exposure during the first years of life are well known, there is not as much understanding of the effects of low levels of lead exposure during later childhood. To review the effects of blood lead levels (BLLs) <10 µg/dL in school-age children and adolescents. We searched Medline, Embase, Global health, CINAHL, Scopus, and Environmental Science Collection databases between January 1, 2000, and May 11, 2023. We included peer-reviewed English-language articles that presented data on the effects of BLLs <10 µg/dL in individuals ages 5 through 18 years. Data on country, population, analytic design, sample size, age, BLLs, outcomes, covariates, and results were extracted. Overall, 115 of 3180 screened articles met the inclusion criteria. The reported mean or median BLL was <5 µg/dL in 98 articles (85%). Of the included articles, 89 (77%) presented some evidence of an association between BLLs <10 µg/dL during school age and detrimental outcomes in a wide range of categories. The strongest evidence of an association was for the outcomes of intelligence quotient and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnoses or behaviors. Few articles controlled for BLLs at age <5 years, limiting conclusions about the relation between later BLLs and outcomes. BLLs <10 µg/dL in school-age children and adolescents may be associated with negative outcomes. This review highlights areas that could benefit from additional investigation.

Incomplete filling in the basal region of maize endosperm: timing of development of starch synthesis and cell vitality.

Starch synthesis in maize endosperm adheres to the basipetal sequence from the apex downwards. However, the mechanism underlying nonuniformity among regions of the endosperm in starch accumulation and its significance is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal transcriptomes and starch accumulation dynamics in apical (AE), middle (ME), and basal (BE) regions of endosperm throughout the filling stage. Results demonstrated that the BE had lower levels of gene transcripts and enzymes facilitating starch synthesis, corresponding to incomplete starch storage at maturity, compared with AE and ME. Contrarily, the BE showed abundant gene expression for genetic processing and slow progress in physiological development (quantified by an index calculated from the expression values of development progress marker genes), revealing a sustained cell vitality of the BE. Further analysis demonstrated a significant parabolic correlation between starch synthesis and physiological development. An in-depth examination showed that the BE had more active signaling pathways of IAA and ABA than the AE throughout the filling stage, while ethylene showed the opposite pattern. Besides, SNF1-related protein kinase1 (SnRK1) activity, a regulator for starch synthesis modulated by trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) signaling, was kept at a lower level in the BE than the AE and ME, corresponding to the distinct gene expression in the T6P pathway in starch synthesis regulation. Collectively, the findings support an improved understanding of the timing of starch synthesis and cell vitality in regions of the endosperm during development, and potential regulation from hormone signaling and T6P/SnRK1 signaling.

The Effect of Primary School Children’s Sleeping Habits on School Motivation

Background and Objective The objective of this study was to determine effects of primary school age children’s sleep habits on school motivation.Methods Research data available between February 9, 2024, and April 6, 2024 were collected online. The study group consisted of primary school children. Written with the consent of their parents who voluntarily participated in collecting research data. Socio-demographic data were collected online from 250 primary school children living in Hakkari, Türkiye using, Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Academic Intrinsic Motivation Scale (AIMS). These children were selected with a convenience sampling method, one of the improbable sampling methods. SPSS 26.0 data analysis program was used for statistical analysis of data obtained in the study. Independent sample t-test, anaysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.Results Of the study group of primary school children, 45.7% were boys and 54.3% were girls. There were significant differences in effects of gender factor on primary school children’s SHI and AIMS sub-dimension scores of achievement requirement, social acceptance, fear of failure, and expertise (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions Age and class status of primary school children’s sleeping habits can affect school motivation. Gender is a variable that can affect sleep hygiene and school motivation.

HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA SEKOLAH SD 3 MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

Food is a type of food that is very well known and commonly consumed by the public, including school children. Data (WHO) on the nutritional status of children in the world with a prevalence of emaciation of around 13.9%, obesity of &gt;340 million people. Riskesdas in 2018 for children aged 5-12 years based on the BMI/U index with a thin nutritional status of 6.8% and an obesity nutritional status of 9.2%. Riskesdas for South Sumatra Province in 2018, the prevalence of nutritional status of children aged 5-12 years was based on the BMI/U index with the nutritional status of thin children at 6.26% and the nutritional status for obesity at 9.08%. Meanwhile, based on Palembang City data, the BMI/U index for the nutritional status of thin children is 6.88% and the nutritional status of obese children is 11.59%. Snacks that are not guaranteed to be clean can cause digestive disorders and poisoning. To determine the relationship between food consumption and the nutritional status of school-aged children. His research used a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The number of research respondents was 169 students. The research instrument used was a Semi Quantitative Form-FFQ questionnaire with interview and questionnaire methods taken at one time. The research carried out was located at SD 3 Muhammadiyah Palembang in March 2024. The variables explained included the characteristics of the respondents (age, parents' education, parents' occupation and nutritional status of the respondents). The research data used for statistical tests was the Spearman Correlation analysis test. Research Results: There is a relationship between food consumption and the nutritional status of school-aged children (p value 0.000 &lt; 0.05). The higher the frequency of food consumption, the risk of obesity in school-aged children will increase. Keywords : School age children, Food consumption, Nutrional Status Bibliography : 11 (2020-2023).

СПОСОБЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СВЯЗНОЙ МОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕЧИ У УЧАЩИХСЯ МЛАДШЕГО ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

In this paper, the author has considered in detail the ways of forming coherent monological speech in primary school age students. Analyzing in detail the issues of coherent oral and written monologue, the author proposes to determine the requirements for the speech of students. The author has done a lot of systematic work on collecting material, analyzing teaching methods in the process of working on the development of students' speech. The author offers a number of effective exercises that contribute to the formation of correct, accurate, logical, meaningful, clear, expressive oral and written monologue speech of primary school students. The analysis of the dynamics of improving the coherent monological speech of students allowed us to come to scientifically sound conclusions. The development of students' coherent speech is a long process and success can be achieved through long, painstaking work with students.

МЕКТЕП ЖАСЫНДАҒЫ БАЛАЛАРҒА КОРРЕКЦИЯЛЫҚ ЖҰМЫС ЖҮРГІЗУДЕ ОЙЫН ТЕРАПИЯСЫН ПАЙДАЛАНУ

the problem of correctional work for children of primary school age is relevant today. In this scientific article, the authors suggest that school-age children use toys and games as a means of conducting remedial classes. Play therapy is a tool that can be used when working with both children and their parents. To illustrate the research work, the article used the questionnaire method, the bibliographic method, and the observation method. In addition, caterers from real situations were presented and the games used for corrective work and their guidance were shown. The MEGA Tulga children's development center was acquired as a research base, which has been operating on the basis of play therapy in Taraz since 2016. The center accepts children aged 3 to 14 years and conducts their correctional work. The center presents more than 30 types of toys that enhance children's intellectual abilities. In the process of proper communication with children and correctional work, it is necessary to choose the right special tools. And game therapy in this case becomes universal. Despite the fact that this area of psychology has developed in foreign countries, attention is now being paid and studied in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the topic and direction of the article do not lose their relevance.

Importance of senso-perceptive skills in children of primal school age

The purpose of this review is to find out the importance other researchers have given to the study of senso-perceptive awareness, as well as the pathways of improvement in lower school-age children. We should use mobility activities to increase the development of coordination and balance in children. Methodology: For this literature review used database as; PubMed, Google Scholar, Web Science and Science Direct. With the help of keywords which include the phrases "senso-perceptive skills", "senso-perceptive skills training", "kinesthetic control", "visual coordination", "proprioception" and other combinations. Results: defining the age of 6-10 generates 154,000 items. The restriction on articles published in the last 10 years generated 16,800 articles. The increased use of keywords channels the search into 330 articles of which 40 were selected as the most relevant articles to our topic. Conclusions: This study of literature aims to illustrate that better developmental support for children can be achieved through exercise and of course a particular importance of senso-perceptive abilities. Another very important point is the definition and design of a manual, with the aim of incorporating into the teaching curriculum. People involved in the education and care of preschoolers should train children's awareness and responsibility for their bodies.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL SKILLS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH DEVELOPMENTAL GAMES

In this article, the theories of the formation of intellectual skills of preschool children are substantiated and presented from a practical point of view through the results of practice. In the preschool period, they revealed the possibilities of developing intellectual skills of the child through developing games. The concept of intelligence and intelligence is currently in widespread use and is becoming one of the most relevant topics. In accordance with the period of technological rapid development and globalization of our time, in accordance with demographic growth, new changes are observed in our society. In this regard, the types of skills and abilities that should be present in the younger generation are increasing. In the upbringing and training of preschool children, the focus is on the problem of educating a competitive generation through the development of the child`s physical, communicative, cognitive, intellectual, creative skills, research abilities. In the period from four to five years, the child experiences an important stage, perception and desire to learn the new, the author notes the scientifically sustained theories, the features of the experimental research are analyzed quantitatively and qualitively. The article presented a list of developmental games as effective tools for the development of intellectual skills of children of the adult group. It is written on the basis of the state program for the development of educational system Republic of Kazakhstan and the concept, and for the correct organization of intellectual skills, it is necessary To know the laws and possibilities of physiological development in a child. As noted in the article, the analysis of the content and methods of sensory education scientifically substantiated the development of perception and institution, the sequence of formation of logical thinking, revealed the psychological and pedagogical features of developing games in the formation of intellectual skills of children of preschool age group.

A Longitudinal Study of Aggression in People with Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.

Aggression is common in autism and neurodevelopmental disorders, but longitudinal research on aggression is lacking. We longitudinally tracked aggression in 254 individuals from toddlerhood to emerging adulthood. Our sample included participants with a range of cognitive abilities, with 39.9% classified as more-cognitively-abled (MCA; IQ ≥ 70) and 60.1% as less-cognitively-abled (LCA; IQ < 70). Aggression Composite scores were derived from data from the autism diagnostic observation schedule, autism diagnostic interview-revised, and child behavior checklist at ages 2, 9, and 18. Fifty-four percent, 69%, and 42% of the sample showed aggression in toddlerhood, school age, and emerging adulthood, respectively. LCA individuals had higher rates of aggression in school age (80%) and emerging adulthood (58%) compared to MCA individuals (48 and 22%, respectively). Longitudinal aggression profiles revealed distinct patterns of change over time: 31% displayed persistent aggression, 25% increased, 23% decreased, and 13% never displayed aggression. Higher autism symptoms, lower VIQ, NVIQ, and less-developed adaptive skills correlated with more aggression cross-sectionally. Nonverbal IQ and repetitive behaviors related to aggression longitudinally: people in decreasing or absent profiles had higher NVIQ and fewer RRBs than those with persistent or increasing profiles. Participants with aggression at 9 were four times likelier to exhibit aggression at 18. Aggression is common in autism and NDDs, peaking around age 9, and declining in emerging adulthood. Patterns of change varied widely, with evidence that higher NVIQ and fewer RRBs may be protective. Findings have implications for clinical practices, highlighting important developmental periods and high-risk subgroups.

Growth, Physiology, and Root Development in Seedlings of Woody Species Treated with a Seaweed Extract

Growth, Physiology, and Root Development in Seedlings of Woody Species Treated with a Seaweed Extract

School engagement, epilepsy severity, and frequency of victimization in school age children

School engagement, epilepsy severity, and frequency of victimization in school age children

Gut microbiota wellbeing index predicts overall health in a cohort of 1000 infants

The human gut microbiota is central in regulating all facets of host physiology, and in early life it is thought to influence the host’s immune system and metabolism, affecting long-term health. However, longitudinally monitored cohorts with parallel analysis of faecal samples and health data are scarce. In our observational study we describe the gut microbiota development in the first 2 years of life and create a gut microbiota wellbeing index based on the microbiota development and health data in a cohort of nearly 1000 infants using clustering and trajectory modelling. We show that infants’ gut microbiota development is highly predictable, following one of five trajectories, dependent on infant exposures, and predictive of later health outcomes. We characterise the natural healthy gut microbiota trajectory and several different dysbiotic trajectories associated with different health outcomes. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides appear as early keystone organisms, directing microbiota development and consistently predicting positive health outcomes. A microbiota wellbeing index, based on the healthy development trajectory, is predictive of general health over the first 5 years. The results indicate that gut microbiota succession is part of infant physiological development, predictable, and malleable. This information can be utilised to improve the predictions of individual health risks.

Body size- and temperature-related metabolic traits of juvenile chum salmon during northward migration

Due to rapid ocean warming at higher latitudes, northward habitat shifts of the dominant anadromous fish in the Northern Hemisphere, chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta), have recently been reported. Physiological development is considered to be a trigger for habitat shifts during early life. However, the possibility of physiological adaptations to future ocean warming is not fully understood, because data on the physiological traits of juveniles, such as metabolic rate and swimming performance, are limited. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we identified the metabolic traits of different-sized chum salmon juveniles originating from the Sanriku coastal river, Japan, which is far from the northern feeding grounds. The weight gain of &gt;2 g steeply increased the prolonged swimming performance, and the metabolic cost of swimming against the southward current in the Sanriku coast decreased with weight gain under the sea water temperature range of 8–12 °C. These findings indicate weight gain and inhabiting areas with temperatures &lt; 13 °C might provide potential benefits for northward migration. These results will be valuable when assessing the increased costs associated with changing ocean conditions.