Development Of Photovoltaic Power Generation Research Articles

Are Regions Conducive to Photovoltaic Power Generation Demonstrating Significant Potential for Harnessing Solar Energy via Photovoltaic Systems?

To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, Xinjiang, as an autonomous region in China with large energy reserves, should adjust its energy development and vigorously develop new energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) power. This study utilized data spatiotemporal variation in solar radiation from 1984 to 2016 to verify that Xinjiang is suitable for the development of PV power generation. Then, the averages of the solar radiation, sunshine duration, and other data in the period after 2000 were used to assess the suitability of Xinjiang, based on spatial principal component analysis (SPCA). Finally, the theoretical power generation potential, fossil fuel reduction, and CO2 emissions reduction were estimated. The results are as follows: (1) In terms of temporal variation, the solar radiation in Xinjiang decreased (1984–2002), increased (2002–2009), and decreased again (2009–2016), but the fluctuations were not statistically significant. In terms of spatial distribution, the Kunlun Mountains in southern Xinjiang had the highest solar radiation during the span of the study period. Hami and Turpan, in eastern Xinjiang, had sufficiently high and stable solar radiation. (2) The area in Xinjiang classed as highly suitable for solar PV power generation is about 87,837 km2, which is mainly concentrated in eastern Xinjiang. (3) In the situation where the construction of PV power plants in Xinjiang is fully developed, the theoretical potential of annual solar PV power generation in Xinjiang is approximately 8.57 × 106 GWh. This is equivalent to 2.59 × 109 tce of coal. Furthermore, 6.58 × 109 t of CO2 emissions can be reduced. PV power generation potential is approximately 27 times the energy consumption of Xinjiang in 2020. Through the suitability assessment and calculations, we found that Xinjiang has significant potential for PV systems.

Short-term optimization scheduling method of cascade hydropower and photovoltaic complementary system based on pumping station operation strategy

With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation, how to improve the photovoltaic grid connection rate is an urgent problem to be solved. This article proposes an optimized scheduling method for the water and photovoltaic complementary system, taking into account the operation strategy of pump stations to improve the photovoltaic grid connection rate. Firstly, a multi-objective optimization scheduling model is constructed to consider both power generation and output fluctuation, and the uncertainty of photovoltaic power generation is analyzed from multiple perspectives. Then, taking the cascade hydropower stations and surrounding photovoltaic power stations in a river basin in Sichuan as an example, the operation strategy of pump stations is introduced into the water and photovoltaic complementary system, considering different weather scenarios, to reduce the photovoltaic curtailment rate. The study verifies that the introduction of pump stations can effectively increase the photovoltaic grid connection rate, and quantitatively analyzes the pump station capacity configuration under different photovoltaic penetration rates.

Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of different planting systems in China: implications for coordinating poverty alleviation and rural revitalization

ABSTRACTDeveloping high-value crop planting industries according to local conditions is an important strategy for targeted poverty alleviation, and it is also a momentous solution for agricultural structure adjustment. However, previous studies mainly have focused on their spatiotemporal evolution and economic benefits instead of their environmental impact. An in-depth analysis of high-value crop planting industries is urgently needed. Taking Linquan County as the research area, this study applied emergy and economic analyses to explore the differences among different high-value crop planting systems and wheat planting system from the perspectives of economic benefit, environmental impact and overall sustainability. The results showed that high-value crop planting systems provide more competitive economic profit than that of wheat planting. Despite the high economic benefits, the three highvalue crop planting systems intensify the purchased nonrenewable resource inputs and lead to higher environmental stress, especially the ginger planting system. Under the trade-off of economic benefit and environmental performance, peony planting is considered a promising pattern for further sustainable agriculture considering its synergistic development of photovoltaic power generation. Several policy incentives are suggested to increase the financial attractiveness of environmentally sound patterns and promote a virtuous cycle for future sustainable agriculture.

Distribution network expansion planning considering a distributed hydrogen-thermal storage system based on photovoltaic development of the Whole County of China

The large-scale access of a substantial proportion of the distributed photovoltaic (PV) power sources has introduced considerable source-side randomness and volatility to the distribution network in the development of PV power generation in the whole county of China. This paper proposes a cooling-heat-electric multi-energy coupled power distribution network expansion bi-level planning model to reduce the influence of uncertainty and improve the PV consumption rate (PVCR). It is based on the distributed hydrogen-thermal storage system (DHTSS) in a high-proportion PV scenario. First, an irradiation-load-temperature multi-grid joint scenario generation model is constructed based on each meteorological cluster to effectively describe the uncertainty of PV power generation and multi-energy consumption. Subsequently, a refined distributed PV system physical model chain is constructed to address the low accuracy of the traditional PV output model in the high PV output (HPVO) scenarios. Lastly, considering the power supply reliability objective of the low-probability with high-load (LPHL) scenarios, a multi-objective bi-level expansion planning model of the distribution network is constructed to accurately determine the capacity of each equipment in DHTSS, the distribution lines, and low-voltage transformers to be expanded in the distribution network.

Fault analysis of photovoltaic inverter

Photovoltaic power generation is one of the main forms of new energy utilization, and the reliable operation of a photovoltaic inverter, as the main component of a photovoltaic power generation system, is of great significance. Studying and mastering the faults of photovoltaic inverter and taking preventive measures is very important to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the photovoltaic power generation system. This paper expounds on the development of photovoltaic power generation and the composition of the photovoltaic power generation system, summarizes the typical faults of a photovoltaic inverter, analyzes the causes of the faults, and on this basis, puts forward the improvement measures to avoid the faults.

Analysis of primary frequency regulation characteristics of PV power plant considering communication delay

With the large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power plants (PVPP) are required to participate in primary frequency regulation to maintain the stability of the power system. Existing researches seldom consider the influence of the data communication delay of PVPP on the primary frequency regulation ability of PVPP. From the perspective of the communication system structure and control strategy of PVPP, this paper firstly analyzes the composition of the communication delay involved in the process of primary frequency regulation. Through the simulation of the three-machine nine-bus power system, the frequency regulation performance of PVPP under different time delays are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of time delays on the primary frequency regulation results is discussed. Finally, two optimization schemes are proposed, which can reduce the communication delay and improve the tolerance of PVPP to the communication delay, respectively. The research results show that there are mainly two types of delays in the primary frequency regulation process of traditional large-scale PVPP. The longer the delays, the weaker the PVPP’s ability to participate in primary frequency regulation. In addition, the optimization of PVPP communication system and control strategy of inverters can help improve the frequency regulation ability of the PVPP, thereby maintaining the frequency stability of the power system.

Policy assessment in photovoltaic development using system dynamics: Case study of power generation in Iran

The development of renewable energies is inevitable due to the outstanding share of energy section in greenhouse gas production. This research presents a system dynamics model for a photovoltaic (PV) ecosystem. The model considers the inherent and economic properties of supportive policies and reflects their effects on investment evaluation. The development of PV power generation can be modelled as S-shape growth if the adjustment and elimination of supportive policies occur on time. Delay in policy change, energy market fluctuations, and the interaction of influential factors may cause overshoot or oscillation in the ecosystem. After validation and case study, measures are proposed for comprehensive understanding of different states. Compatibility of supportive policies with state of the PV ecosystem facilitates the development path. The results show that the deployment of PV in Iran prevents 101 million tons of CO2 production in 20 years. However, the current state of power purchase agreement (PPA) policy does not guarantee the economic feasibility of investment in PV power generation, which explains Iran's slow development and expansion in this field. The model is beneficial for both developed and developing countries, especially for those in the Middle East with massive fossil fuel resources, to modify supportive policies based on the state of their PV ecosystem.

The design scheme of a 31.5 MW mountain photovoltaic power station: a case study

The development of photovoltaic power generation is of great significance to the realization of double carbon goals. The construction of photovoltaic power stations in mountain areas can save land resources. In this paper, the construction of a 31.5 MW photovoltaic power station in the mountainous area of Yunnan Province, China is analyzed in detail from the aspects of solar energy resource evaluation, and photovoltaic system design, power generation estimation, as well as economic and environmental benefits. The results show that the average sunshine radiation in this area is 5764.3 MJ/m2, which is suitable for building photovoltaic power stations. 24 units are designed with a total of 86320 photovoltaic modules, and the capacity of each module is 365 Wp. Fixed installation is adopted, and the most suitable inclination angle is 28° (south area) and 15° (north area). Correspondingly, the center distance of the front and rear arrays in the south area and north areas is 6 m and 12 m, respectively. The project is economically feasible and has significant environmental benefits.

Review on Legislative System of Photovoltaic Industry Development in China

As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.

Spatio-temporal coupling suitability of solar energy resources and distributed photovoltaic power generation projects in Beijing

Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects contribute to the coordinated and sustainable development of “energy—economy—environment”. The spatio-temporal coupling relationship between regional solar resources and distributed photovoltaic power generation projects is studied. Taking Beijing area as the research object, a variety of spatial analysis methods are proposed to explore the relationship between solar resources and distributed photovoltaic power generation projects from a new perspective of spatial geography. The spatio-temporal coupling suitability of regional solar energy resources and distributed photovoltaic power generation project development area was scientifically evaluated. The research results can provide suggestions and decision support for optimizing the timing of regional development of photovoltaic power generation, and also provide reference for planning and layout optimization of photovoltaic power generation projects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other regions.

Challenges of investment and financing for developing photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon, and the countermeasures

In this paper we aim to analyze the status of investment and financing of photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon, find out the challenges it faces, and put forward solutions. Through in-depth analyses of the investment and financing data of photovoltaic power generation from Cameroon, reference countries and the world during 2008–2019 and by drawing lessons from international experiences, we find that Cameroon’s investment and financing is far from meeting the needs of its photovoltaic power generation development. The causal analyses show that the root causes leading to insufficient investment and financing of photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon are the government behavior defects. On this basis, using the appropriate problem-oriented analysis method, we put forward policy recommendations to improve the investment and financing situation of photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon. The basic conclusion of this paper is that the low investment scale, single financing structure, violent investment fluctuation and financing gap are the surface causes of slowing photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon, while the lack of consciousness about attracting international investment, the ambiguity of the application process for photovoltaic power generation projects, the lack of specific measures to stimulate photovoltaic power generation, and the backward national planning of photovoltaic power generation are the internal reasons delaying Cameroon’s photovoltaic power generation. This study not only benefits Cameroon by being a guide for optimizing and promoting the development of photovoltaic power generation, but also has universal reference value for other similar research.

Research on the development of distributed power generation strategy through differential scheduling requirements

The development of high-penetration photovoltaic power generation is an important measure to realize the energy revolution. With the continuous increase of photovoltaic capacity, the electricity generated by distributed photovoltaic can’t be absolutely integrated to power grid in the future. It is necessary to improve the scheduling requirements for photovoltaic equipment so that the system can be in safe operation. First of all, four scheduling requirements are set for the grid integration of photovoltaic equipment from the perspective of grid scheduling, which is characterized by differentiated scheduling of power and electricity between the micro-grid composed by photovoltaic equipment, energy storage and utility. Then, the capacity optimization planning model of the photovoltaic and energy storage system is established with the minimum power supply cost of the microgrid as the objective function. Finally, through the case study, it is found that industrial and commercial enterprises have the economic motivation to invest in the construction of the photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid, which will strengthen confidence in promoting the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation.

Research on comprehensive efficiency evaluation technology of regional photovoltaic power generation

Under the background of global potential energy crisis and regional environmental pollution, China‘s photovoltaic power generation still faces the key issue of sustainable development under the good prospect of large-scale development and utilization. Based on the identification and analysis of the factors affecting the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, the system dynamics model is introduced to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of photovoltaic power generation, and the comprehensive efficiency transmission mechanism of photovoltaic power generation is studied. The comprehensive efficiency of photovoltaic power generation in Xinjiang in 2015-2017 is studied. The research results can provide support for the sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation and provide guidance for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

The Determination of Concession Period for Build-Operate-Transfer Solar Photovoltaic Power Project under Policy Incentives: A Case Study of China

Since the concession period is one of the most crucial variables influencing the success of a photovoltaic (PV) power project under build-operate-transfer (BOT) mode, this paper presents a real option game model—which integrates the real option and cooperative game theory—to determine the optimal concession period of the BOT solar PV power project under policy incentives by considering the value of the option to defer. In the proposed model, an effective interval of concession period for the BOT project was identified by using a real option, and the equilibrium value of the concession period was obtained by applying classical optimization theory. To evaluate our model, we empirically determined the optimal concession period for the BOT solar PV power project in China, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate how relevant influential factors, which are presented in the model, affect the equilibrium value of the concession period and its effective interval. The results indicate that the current investment environment in China could successfully implement the BOT solar PV power project under policy incentives, including initial cost subsidy and the feed-in tariffs mechanism. While the high volatility of electricity demand, investment cost, and land-use rent fee can lead the failure of the BOT solar PV project implementation, promoting the technological development of PV power generation, maintaining the market stability, and increasing the policy incentives can help the BOT power project to be arranged with an optimal concession period. In addition, the feed-in tariffs mechanism is more helpful than the initial cost subsidy for winning the BOT contract.

Novel MPPT method based on large variance GA‐RBF

The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells is mainly affected by temperature and irradiance. In order to promote the development of photovoltaic power generation, it is necessary to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. This paper combines two major factors that affect photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking scheme based on large variation GA-RBF network is proposed. The system used in this scheme is simulated through Matlab. The simulation results show that the new maximum power point tracking scheme has higher accuracy and rapidity, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is greatly improved.

A Study on the Conduction Mechanism and Evaluation of the Comprehensive Efficiency of Photovoltaic Power Generation in China

In the context of the global potential energy crisis and aggravating regional environmental pollution, Chinese photovoltaic power generation still faces the key problems of sustainable development, even given its favorable background in large-scale exploitation. Scientific evaluation of the comprehensive efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is of great significance because it will improve investment decision-making and enhance management level, evaluate the development conditions of photovoltaic power generation and then promote sustainable development capability. The concept of “comprehensive efficiency” is proposed in this paper on the basis of the resource development of solar energy and exploitation of photovoltaic power generation. A system dynamics model is used to study the conduction mechanism of the comprehensive efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. This paper collects data from 2005 to 2015 as research models, establishes the evaluation model of the comprehensive efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and conducts empirical analysis based on a super-efficient data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) model. With the evaluation results, this paper puts forward political suggestions as to the optimization of the comprehensive efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The research results may provide policy-oriented references on the sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation and give theoretical guidance on the scientific evaluation and diagnosis of photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

Growth in Wind and Sun: Integrating Variable Generation in China

Variable generation (VG) in China is primarily wind and photovoltaic (PV) power. By the end of 2014, the cumulative installed capacity of VG in China reached 123.86 GW, accounting for 9.1% of the country?s total generation capacity. The cumulative installed capacity of wind and PV power were, 95.81 GW and 28.05 GW, respectively. The total amount of energy generated from VG in 2014 was 181 TWh (of which wind power was 156 TWh and PV power 25 TWh), accounting for 3.3% of total electricity generation. The newly installed capacity of wind and PV power in 2014 was 19.5 GW and 10.6 GW, respectively, accounting for 28% of the newly installed capacity of all generation types. Following coal-fired power and hydropower, wind has already become China?s third-largest power source both by capacity and by power generation, after nine years of high-speed growth. A rapid development of PV power generation has been experienced since 2010. The newly installed PV capacity in 2013 and 2014 reached over 10 GW for two consecutive years, accounting for about one-third of newly installed PV capacity worldwide over the same period. By capacity, PVs have become China?s fifth largest generation source after natural gas based generation.

무동력 약품투입기를 위한 태양광발전시스템의 개발

무동력 약품투입기를 위한 태양광발전시스템의 개발

Recent aspect of the development of photovoltaic power generation.

Recent aspect of the development of photovoltaic power generation.