Development Of Photovoltaic Industry Research Articles

Influence of the development of solar photovoltaic industry on the relationship between supply and demand of key minerals in China

The importance of mineral resources cannot be ignored in the country's economic and social development and is of vital significance in securing China's continued economic and social prosperity. Against the backdrop of the country's active promotion of the clean energy industry, the booming development of the photovoltaic industry has triggered a growing demand for its key raw materials, especially important metallic minerals. Based on the system dynamics theory, the article uses Vensim to construct a photovoltaic cell-key metal mineral simulation model to analyze the development of China's photovoltaic industry in depth and focuses on its far-reaching impact on the supply and demand relationship of key minerals. The results of the study show that (1) China's photovoltaic cells show strong growth; (2) recycling and technology substitution can significantly reduce the risk of copper and aluminum supply and demand imbalance; and (3) technology substitution is more effective than recycling in reducing the supply and demand imbalance of copper and aluminum. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

Diagnosis and Countermeasure Research on Restrictive Factors of Household Photovoltaic Development in Shunyi District

In order to mitigate climate change and global warming, and to balance the relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions, China has put forward the “double carbon” goal, which will promote the construction of household photovoltaic as an important part of development. Distributed photovoltaic has the characteristics of high construction cost and long cost recovery cycle, which are unfavorable factors restricting large-scale promotion. and has been relying on national financial subsidies for a long time in the early stage of development. Under the incentive of high subsidies, the scale of China􀆳s distributed photovoltaic industry has expanded rapidly and maintained a high-speed development trend for many years. However, the large-scale development is accompanied by a surge in government subsidy funds. The high subsidy funds are difficult to be sustained, and the distributed photovoltaic industry is facing the overall trend of subsidy decline. This paper takes Shunyi District of Beijing, the first batch of pilot areas for rooftop distributed photovoltaic development in the whole county (city, district) in China, as an example. Through questionnaire survey, field interview and model analysis, this paper reveals the difficulties faced by household photovoltaic development in this area, identifies the main constraints and problems of photovoltaic development in this area, and quantitatively analyzes the influence degree of various factors. On this basis, based on the theoretical perspective of ‘cooperative governance’, this paper attempts to construct a G-P-M-S incentive system for household distributed photovoltaic development, which covers the government, public, market and society, and condenses the policy orientation of coordinating ‘cross-level’, ‘ cross-department’, ‘cross-subject’ and ‘policy tool integration’, and puts forward specific policy suggestions in light of the actual situation of Shunyi District, so as to provide support for Shunyi District to promote the development of photovoltaic industry and realize green and low-carbon transformation.

Preparation of nano SiC by carbothermic reduction of silicon cutting waste with phenolic resin

AbstractWith the vigorous development of photovoltaic industry, considerable amount of silicon cutting waste (SCW) has been generated and aroused a series of environmental problems. Current recycling methods focus on reutilizing the waste to prepare low‐value industrial Si, Al‐Si alloy, SiC block, and so forth. Herein, we have fully utilized the fine characteristic of SCW to prepare high‐value nano SiC particles with an average diameter of ∼30 nm through carbothermal synthesis at 1500°C for 2 h, and under Ar atmosphere. In the synthesis process, the SCW serves as the Si source and the phenolic resin serves as the C source. The synthesis process mainly includes two stages: the pyrolysis of phenolic resin and the synthesis process. The fine particles of the SCW and the pyrolytic carbon from the phenolic resin contribute to the formation of the nano SiC. Besides, the photoluminescence and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) results show that the obtained SiC nanoparticle possesses a special photoluminescence and a favorable thermal stability.

Bulk Photovoltaic Current Mechanisms in All-Inorganic Perovskite Multiferroic Materials.

After the discovery of bulk photovoltaic effect more than half a century ago, ferro-electrical and magneto-optical experiments have provided insights into various related topics, revealing above bandgap open voltages and non-central symmetrical current mechanisms. However, the nature of the photon-generated carriers responses and their microscopic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, all-inorganic perovskite Bi0.85Gd0.15Fe1-xMnxO3 thin films were prepared by a sol-gel process and the effects of Gd and Mn co-doped bismuth ferrites on their microtopography, grain boundries, multiferroic, and optical properties were studied. We discovered a simple "proof of principle" type new method that by one-step measuring the leakage current, one can demonstrate the value of photo generated current being the sum of ballistic current and shift current, which are combined to form the so-called bulk photovoltaic current, and can be related to the prototype intrinsic properties such as magneto-optical coupling and ferroelectric polarization. This result has significant potential influence on design principles for engineering multiferroic optoelectronic devices and future photovoltaic industry development.

Analysis of the Photovoltaic Market in China: Optimization of Industrial Chain and Prospect Forecast Under the ‘Double-Carbon’ Background

Since the Paris Agreement was signed in 2016, the development of renewable energy has become a strategic consensus of all countries in the world. Since 2020, China has officially put forward the goals of “peak carbon dioxide emissions” in 2030 and “carbon neutrality” in 2060, and actively responded to the global proposition of sustainable development goals and carbon emission reduction in Paris Agreement. According to the statistics of the National Energy Administration, fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas accounts for more than 80% in China’s current energy consumption structure, while clean energy such as hydro power, wind power and natural gas accounts for only 25.5%. At the same time, China’s energy consumption is increasing year by year, with the total consumption reaching 5.24 billion tons of standard coal equivalent in 2021, and the reform of energy consumption structure is imminent. The new energy represented by photovoltaic is expected to become the main industry to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in 2030. Based on the investigation of national and local statistical data, combined with the current development of clean energy and photovoltaic industry, this paper analyzes the operation status of leading photovoltaic enterprises, deconstructs the photovoltaic industry chain, extracts data, grasps the future development direction of photovoltaic industry, and reveals the shortcomings and loopholes in the development of photovoltaic industry. At present, the photovoltaic industry is subject to many industrial chain structures, and the market fluctuation between upstream and downstream industrial chains changes periodically. However, in the long run, the photovoltaic industry is on the rise. If the specific links in the industrial chain can be optimized and cost reduced, the coordination capacity within the industrial chain can be increased, the integration of the industrial chain can be realized as soon as possible, meanwhile, the coverage area of photovoltaic power stations can be promoted, the high-quality sunshine conditions in the western region can be fully utilized, and the regional economy can be driven by the development of photovoltaic industry, so that the promotion of green energy industry can be realized, the economic vitality of the western villages and towns can be developed, and the double cycle of domestic and international economy can be promoted.

Response to the Upcoming Emerging Waste: Necessity and Feasibility Analysis of Photovoltaic Waste Recovery in China.

With the widespread photovoltaic deployment to achieve the net-zero energy goal, the resulting photovoltaic waste draws attention. In China, considerable steps have not been taken for photovoltaic waste management. The lack of relevant scientific information on photovoltaic waste brings difficulties to the establishment of photovoltaic waste regulatory systems. In this study, the necessity and feasibility of photovoltaic waste recovery were investigated. In China, the photovoltaic waste stream was quantified as 48.67-60.78 million t in 2050. In photovoltaic waste, indium, selenium, cadmium, and gallium were in high risk, judging by the metal criticality analysis, which meant that their recovery was significant to alleviate the resource shortage. The full recovery method was proved to reduce the environmental burdens most. For cost and benefit analysis, the net present value/size was -1.02 $/kg according to the current industrial status. However, it can be profitable with the recovery of silver. This study provides scientific and comprehensive information for photovoltaic waste management in China and is expected to promote the sustainable development of photovoltaic industry.

Research on three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on fuzzy PI control

With the vigorous development of photovoltaic industry, the research on three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is deepening. For the problem, in this article, a combination of fuzzy control methods and traditional PI control is proposed to improve the adaptive capability of the system by constructing a composite fuzzy PI control pattern. At the same time, The LCL-type three-phase grid-connected inverter is simultaneously studied and the fuzzy PI control is validated through demonstration experiments. It is shown that the fuzzy PI control method is somewhat feasible in this system.

Close-range Hot Spot Detection based on K-neighbor Algorithm and Experiment on Hot Spot Effect

Abnormalities caused by the hot spot effect are very common in the application of photovoltaic modules, which seriously affect the life and power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, the study of hot spot effect is of great significance to the development of photovoltaic industry in the future. By analyzing the hot spot effect and its causes, this paper lists possible factors that may affect the hot spot effect, uses the K-proximity algorithm for hot spot detection to classify the near-field infrared images obtained in photovoltaic power plants, and designs experiments to explore the influence of several factors on the hot spot effect, the influence characteristics of the shading area and the types of shading objects are deeply explored, and finally a certain summary is made.

A new strategy for de-oxidation of diamond-wire sawing silicon waste via the synergistic effect of magnesium thermal reduction and hydrochloric acid leaching.

With the rapid development of photovoltaic industry, the amount of diamond-wire sawing silicon waste (DWSSW) increased dramatically. Recently, how to achieve cost-effective deoxygenation of DWSSW should be the most critical issue in silicon waste recycling. Herein, a new strategy for de-oxidation from DWSSW, employing Mg vapor as de-oxidation agent and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as leaching agent, under low temperature was suggested. The de-oxidation mechanism and the mineralogical evolution of different phases during the magnesium thermal reduction and acid leaching were clarified. Results showed that the impurity oxygen in DWSSW exists as amorphous SiO2 on the surface of Si particles, which can be eliminated by transforming it into crystalline MgO using magnesium thermal reduction and followed by acid leaching. As the reduction condition was controlled at 1333 K for 2 h, the residual oxygen content in DWSSW was 0.9643% and the de-oxidation fraction attained 93%. Additionally, the removal rate of impurities Al and Fe were 99.06% and 92.20%, respectively, and the Si recovery rate achieved 88%. Taking into consideration the recoverability of Mg, the cost of the process will be reduced significantly, making this process more viable in industry.

Recovery and purification of metallurgical silicon from waste silicon slag by blowing refining

In this paper, metallurgical silicon (MG-Si) from waste silicon slag (WSS) is recycled by blowing refining, which is feasibility and urgent for full utilization of resources and sustainable the photovoltaic industry development. In the process of blowing refining, CaF2 additive was added to WSS to reduce the viscosity and increase the collision of liquid silicon particles, which had a significantly more positive effect on the separation of MG-Si. On this basis, the optimization of recovering and purifying MG-Si from WSS was investigated and the optimized experimental conditions were 20 wt% CaF2, 45min refining time at 1550 °C and 5min blowing time. The recovery rate and the purity of MG-Si from WSS were 65.58% and 99.28% with the optimum conditions. Besides, the contents of Al and Ca decreased from 1395 ppm to 851 ppm–703 ppm and 646 ppm, respectively. The mechanism indicates that MG-Si in WSS with the addition of CaF2 can be effectively separated and recovered by blowing refining. Blowing refining is a novel, simple and effective method of separation and purification, which enriches the system for recovering MG-Si from WSS as a new contribution and is expected to be widely used in a business-friendly and environmentally friendly manner.

A deep learning-based method for ultra-short-term PV power prediction

Abstract With the rapid development of photovoltaic industry, the application accuracy of photovoltaic power prediction technology in the field of power system control, dispatching and operation is more precise. Due to the volatility and randomness of photovoltaic power in the ultra short term, high-precision prediction has more theoretical and practical significance. This paper presents an ultra short-term photovoltaic power prediction model based on dual attention mechanism and GRU, which realizes the high-precision prediction of photovoltaic power in ultra short term. Firstly, attention mechanism is introduced to realize the dual extraction of temporal and spatial features; Then, the power is predicted by combining the extracted features with the characteristics of GRU long-term memory ability and fast calculation. The time series attention mechanism is introduced to independently extract the information of historical key moments to improve the stability of long-time series prediction effect; The feature attention mechanism effectively calculates the correlation of each meteorological feature quantity, and alters the feature weight. Through the comparison experiment with the baseline model, it is verified that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy, better generalization ability and robustness.

Research on the evaluation of China's photovoltaic policy driving ability under the background of carbon neutrality

The realization of carbon neutral goal is inseparable from the development of new energy industry, and scientific and effective policy support can accelerate the progress of the goal. In this paper, the policy driven ability of China's photovoltaic industry in the background of carbon neutral is evaluated. Firstly, the evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. Then, the policy evaluation standard is formulated according to the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (IT2FS). Finally, the weight of each index is determined by using the fuzzy OWA operator weighting method (F-OWA). Then, the policy driving ability of China's photovoltaic industry is evaluated by fuzzy matter-element extension method (F-MEEM), and the effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. According to the evaluation results, policy support plays an important role in the development of photovoltaic industry. This paper also gives policy suggestions for the development of China's photovoltaic industry under the background of carbon neutral from the macro, meso and micro perspectives.

Review on Legislative System of Photovoltaic Industry Development in China

As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.

Research on the development of photovoltaic industry based on A company

As the main source of electricity from renewable energy, PV will play a key role in various fields and scenarios to achieve carbon neutrality. With technological advances in the photovoltaic industry and declining costs per kilowatt-hour, the cost of photovoltaic per kilowatt-hour has fallen by more than 90% globally in the past decade, with the biggest decline compared to wind, natural gas, coal and nuclear power. The year 2020 has been an extraordinary year. Under the pressure test and numerous challenges of the global epidemic, the global photovoltaic industry has maintained a good momentum of development thanks to the rapid and effective control of the COVID-19 in China and the obvious growth of the domestic market. Based on the domestic monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic leading A company as an example, through to the company business model and the results of data analysis in recent years, suggested that the company in the four aspects to carry on the improvement and optimization, including: further globalization, adhere to customer value orientation, implement the product strategy and tries to build up A creative organization, leading to the photovoltaic industry as A whole in China benign development help.

Optimization of indium recovery from waste crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells by acid leaching

Recovery of rare metal indium from waste crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells is important with the large-scale development of photovoltaic industry, is becoming economically and environmentally justified. Thus, the objective of this work is to study hydrometallurgical recovery of indium and valuable materials from HJT solar cells. In addition, to study some parameters used in this process. In this study, three key processes including pretreatment, acid leaching and optimization design on singer-factor to minimize waste of resources were proposed and implemented. Firstly, the samples were characterized by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) showed indium concentrations of 2950 mg/kg. Then, reacting with NaOH 10% at 90 °C for 8 min can separate the silver electrodes on the surface of the cells, which realize the primary recovery of the silver electrode. After this, the influence of acid type, acid concentration, retention time and temperature on indium leaching was analyzed. Subsequently, the BBD method under response surface methodology was used to optimize the leaching rate. Optimum operating conditions include a leaching step for 148 min at 93.2 °C in the presence of H 2 SO 4 6 mol/L with extraction rate of 95.2% and validate the feasibility with determination coefficient (99.55%) of the RSM model. • A novel experimental method is proposed for recovering indium from waste crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells. • A process to recovery of valuable materials in the HJT cells is designed. • Optimization of indium recovery by using Response Surface Model (RSM).

Implementation of LED Lighting Powered by Solar Energy for Bicycles

The high efficiency, simple driving, environmental protection and long life of high power white-light diodes have attracted a lot of attention from industry and academia. High-efficiency white LEDs have the potential to replace traditional lighting such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps, and can be used in residential environments, industry and commercial advertising. Because of the advantages of light-emitting diodes, such as power saving, environmental protection, long life and fast response time, they will replace traditional light-emitting elements as the new lighting source in the future. Under the restrictions and regulations of the Kyoto Protocol, we will cooperate with the country to actively promote energy-saving technology and energy industry in the future. This paper proposes the development of LED lighting and photovoltaic, and the application of solar photovoltaic systems to bicycles, in line with the green technology industry LED lighting and solar photovoltaic industry development. Energy-saving LEDs can be combined with stand-alone lighting systems to enable the sustainable development of renewable energy development and energy conservation policies in Taiwan. Keywords: Solar cells, Light-emitting diodes, LED lamp drivers, White LEDs.

Study on the Influence of Risk Factors in China’s Photovoltaic Industry

The adjustment and transformation of energy structure is encountered as a common problem of the world. With the deepening globalization, Photovoltaic energy as the clean and renewable energy occupies an important position in the future energy structure. The short-term explosive growth promotes the rapid growth of China’s photovoltaic industry as one of the largest photovoltaic producer and application market in the world. Due to the short development life and insufficient industry precipitation, the unstable industrial foundation is vulnerable to industrial risk impact. Therefore, to predict the internal and external risks of the industry in advance can effectively prevent or mitigate the impact of risks. By collating and summarizing the disclosure information of significant events and risk factors in the prospectus of Chinese photovoltaic listed companies, this paper identifies and analyzes the main factors faced in the development of photovoltaic industry, and put forward relevant suggestions for risk prevention and control of photovoltaic industry.

Research progress of organic solar cells based on photonic crystals

With the rapid development of photovoltaic industry in recent years, organic solar cells have attracted much attention due to their advantages of low cost, light weight, capacity of batch production, simple production process and flexible performance. However, there are still some limitations hindering their commercialization process, including low photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor transmission color rendering. The introduction of photonic crystals provides a new way to solve these two problems. Starting from the optimization principle of photonic crystals, the effects of both one-dimensional photonic crystals and two-dimensional photonic crystals on organic solar cells, especially the short circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency, are systematically summarized in this paper. Then, we focus on the reasons for the performance improvement of organic solar cells based on one-dimensional photonic crystals and two-dimensional photonic crystals. The results of the experiments and characterization show that the performance improvement is mainly attributed to the photonic crystal acting as the reflector in the device. Photonic bandgap, a vivid property that the photonic crystals have, can block the light transmitting organic solar cells at a certain frequency. So, the light within the photonic bandgap is reflected back into the device, thus promoting the secondary absorption of light by the active layer which can result in the stronger light absorption capacity of the active layer, and then improving the performance of the device. In addition, the reason why one-dimensional photonic crystals can be used to regulate the color rendering of semitransparent organic solar cell is described in detail. This is of great significance to photovoltaic construction industry because semitransparent organic solar cells with excellent color rendering property can be widely used in it. However, due to the limitation of photonic crystal optimization mechanism, the reported applications so far have failed to improve the filling factor and open circuit voltage of the device, and due to the limitation of its own structure, three-dimensional photonic crystals have not been reported to be used in organic solar cells. Finally, by combining the existing research progress of organic optoelectronic devices, we look into the future research direction of organic solar cells based on photonic crystals.

Effect of desert photovoltaic on sand prevention and control—taking Gansu Gulang Zhenfa photovoltaic DC field as an example

In recent years, the photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi has developed rapidly. In order to reveal the effect of photovoltaic industry on sand prevention and control, this study was performed by taking GuLang Zhenfa photovoltaic DC field on the southern edge of Tengger Desert as an example. Through continuous observation of air temperature, wind speed and air pressure inside and outside the photovoltaic field, combined with the investigation of vegetation inside and outside the photovoltaic field in desert and Gobi of the central and eastern part of Hexi Corridor, this study analyzed the ecological effect of photovoltaic industry on sand prevention and control from three aspects: the balance of surface heat by the transformation of solar radiation of desert photovoltaic, the function of wind barriers and sand barriers of the photovoltaic DC field, and the effect of the photovoltaic DC field on vegetation. The results showed that the photovoltaic DC field in desert and Gobi had very significant ecological functions for desert prevention and control, and the ecological functions were mainly as follows: 1) the photovoltaic DC field could effectively transform solar radiation, adjust the thermal balance of the desert, and weaken the power (i.e., the gale) for the occurrence and development of sandstorms and sand flow; 2) the photovoltaic panel had a strong function of wind barriers, and its function of wind-proof and sand-fixing were several times that of sand barriers; 3) the rain-collecting effect of photovoltaic panel could promote the growth of plants. The development of photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi not only has remarkable economic benefits, but also has the ecological function of sand prevention and control. China has a vast area of desert and Gobi, and there are broad prospects for the development of desert and Gobi photovoltaic industry. The photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi is expected to become the third new way of sand prevention and control after afforestation and desertification control and sand fixation by sand barriers.

The Impact of Policy Intensity on Overcapacity in Low-Carbon Energy Industry: Evidence From Photovoltaic Firms

This study evaluates the impact of policy intensity on overcapacity using listed Photovoltaic (PV) firms over the period 2011-2019 in China. We divide PV industrial chain into three segments, which are upstream, midstream and downstream. Results show that China's PV industry is diminishing returns to scale with low level of capacity utilization (20%). The enhancement of policy intensity can significantly promote overcapacity, but its impact varies in different policies and different enterprises. Fiscal subsidy has the largest positive effect in promoting overcapacity, followed by tax preference and land support. For three segments of PV industrial chain, fiscal subsidy, land support and tax preference play a significant role in promoting overcapacity in each segment; the increase in financial support exacerbates overcapacity in midstream. Furthermore, this study tests the effectiveness of an important PV policy posed by Chinese government in 2013. The results show that, the policy is inefficient in the short term. Nevertheless, it promotes the development of PV industry in the long term. It takes a long time to reduce positive effect of policies on overcapacity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the government to make comprehensive use of different policies.