Development Of New Territories Research Articles

Practical experience in the implementation of innovative building materials and products

The improvement and creation of new production technologies is largely determined by the level of innovation in the field of materials science. In this paper, the experience of practical implementation of innovative building materials and products made of light steel thin-walled structures in the real sector of the economy is considered. Suggestions are given for possible use in state programs for the restoration and development of new territories of Russia. The problem of economic recovery, creation of new jobs, implementation of development programs for specific subjects of new territories can be solved by consolidating the subjects of the Russian Federation and forming professional construction teams on the basis of specialized enterprises of the subject of the Russian Federation for the implementation of state programs. The authors, if necessary, offer services for training and transfer of scientific and technical knowledge to Customer specialists at the place of construction of prefabricated facilities.

Assessment of Environmental Risks during the Implementation of Infrastructure Projects in the Arctic Region

The Arctic Zone of Russia (AZR), due to its significant potential, for the implementation of which infrastructure projects and strategic plans are envisaged, is of great importance for the country. Particular attention is paid to the transport and related infrastructure development. The implementation of such projects requires the creation and implementation of modern integrated solutions based on new technical and technological solutions. The development of new territories is accompanied by problems such as urbanization and the disruption of ecosystems, which will have a particularly negative impact on the Arctic zone. The situation is complicated by the fact that the work must be carried out in difficult conditions, which are associated with a large number of risks, including environmental ones. Currently, many types of businesses are characterized by a transition to the implementation of the concepts of green and blue economy, as well as ESG principles when building strategic development plans that include risk reduction. Achieving this goal is possible through an environmental risk management system. To create a suchlike system, it is necessary to identify the most significant risk characteristics of each type of activity, taking into account their negative impact on the environment, after which it will be possible to plan measures to either prevent risks or minimize their consequences. Taking into account the above, we plan to develop the concept of an environmental risk management system (ERMS) as part of the region’s development strategy implementation. To reach this purpose, identifying the main groups of environmental risks depending on the danger source based on the scientific article review results, systematizing concepts aimed at improving the environmental situation under different types of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, developing an algorithm for implementing an environmental risk management system depending on the risk type, and proposing a concept for building an environmental risk management system are needed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the main directions of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment are systematized, and possible ways to reduce environmental risks are outlined. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that when implementing such a system, it will be possible to manage not only risks of a certain category, but also monitor the situation as a whole, identifying the consequences for related areas.

Study results in curvilinear motion of high-speed track machine with electromechanical transmission

Introduction. Transport and technological means based on tracked undercarriages have found their use in both military and civilian industries. Their widespread use is due to a number of advantages that contribute to the further development of mechanization of production, increasing the efficiency of transportation of minerals, and developing infrastructure during the development of new territories. Ensuring cross-country ability and mobility of vehicles with tracked undercarriages, including tracked conveyor-tractors, is possible through the use of hybrid electromechanical transmissions. One of the components of scientific research in this direction is carrying out simulation modeling of the movement of equipment. Modeling the motion process will make it possible to substantiate the energy characteristics of the electromechanical transmission of a tracked vehicle and confirm the adequacy of previously performed theoretical studies.Research methods. The main objective of the simulation was to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical studies performed. The studies in the VISSIM programming environment using typical motion cycles that equivalently reflect the operating conditions and use of a tracked machine were carried out.Results. As a result of the research, quantitative estimates of the influence of the power of a diesel generator and the charge of an energy storage device on the dynamic performance of equipment were obtained. It has been established that in order to meet the requirements for promising samples, the power of the energy storage device should be at least 2.5 kWh when using a standard internal combustion engine.Discussion and conclusion. The research results can be used to create, based on the existing scientific and technical background, a promising robotic complex with an electromechanical transmission.

Comparative analysis of architectural and landscape solutions of the Norra Djurgårdsstaden district in Stockholm and the residential complex “Scandinavia” in New Moscow

The reorganization of industrial clusters, the development of new territories attached to cities is a dynamic process of expansion, development and improvement of urban spaces in modern conditions. This process is typical for both European capitals and the largest cities in Russia. The article provides a comparative description of the architectural and landscape solutions of the implemented projects of development and improvement of the North Jurgardstaden district in Stockholm (Sweden) and the residential complex “Scandinavia” in New Moscow (Russia). Similar climatic conditions of the two capitals, the presence of complex terrain and water bodies in the built-up areas made it possible to study the techniques of the so-called Scandinavian "style" on the basis of architectural and landscape analysis of these urban quarters. The study of the functional organization, architectural and landscape solutions, spatial and coloristic expressiveness of the North Jurgardstaden district in Stockholm and the Skandinavia residential complex in New Moscow allowed us to critically evaluate the copying of design solutions without taking into account the specifics, urban context and scale of a specific territory.

Особенности становления российской государственности на Дальнем Востоке: идеологический, территориальный и политический аспекты

This article examines the peculiarities of the formation of Russian statehood in the Far East in several direc-tions. First, it is important to study the ideological features of the development of the Russian state to the east and identify the main causes of this phenomenon. Secondly, it was expedient to outline the key territorial ap-proaches to the expansion of Russia and identify the main stages of settlement of the Far Eastern region. Third-ly, the author concludes that a significant role was played by the formation of political centralization of power in remote regions of the country. In addition, the factors determining the uniqueness of the development of state-hood in the Far East and its connection with national processes are analyzed. Thus, the work deepens the knowledge about the characteristic features of the development of new territories, taking into account ideologi-cal and political factors.

Implementation of international legal norms in the field of protection and preservation of the World Ocean from pollution into legislation of the Russian Federation: historical aspect and modernity

INTRODUCTION. The world ocean is the main component of the Earth's biosphere, a key element of the hydrosphere containing 95% of all water on the planet, the most important link in the ecological system, a source of mineral, biological and strategic resources. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of the population, the development of new territories, the rapid development of the economy and the increasingly intensive use of the spaces and resources of the World Ocean in this regard have led to serious and sometimes irreversible consequences that negatively affect its condition. The Russian Federation, being a leading maritime Power, takes an active position in taking urgent measures to ensure the protection and preservation of the waters and resources of the World Ocean. Realizing the impossibility of resolving the environmental problem that has arisen on the basis of exclusively universal or regional agreements, as well as by taking appropriate measures at the domestic level, recognizing that the need to ensure the protection and preservation of the oceans from pollution requires an exclusively holistic approach to the regulatory regulation of this issue, the Russian Federation expressed its desire to cooperate on the most important issues of ensuring global environmental problems, where the protection and preservation of the oceans from pollution is one of the priority areas of activity.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study uses the works of both Russian and foreign experts in the field of international environmental and international maritime law. The research used general scientific methods of cognition – analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Special legal methods were also used in the work – formal legal, technical legal, the method of legal analogy, as well as the comparative legal method.THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY. The analysis of the current practice on the implementation of international legal norms in the field of protection and preservation of the world ocean from pollution in the legislation of the Russian Federation allowed us to conclude that the protection of the World Ocean from pollution is a system of legal relations requiring coordinated actions of international law and national legislation.DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the framework of the study, the author comes to the logical conclusion that the norms of international and national law should act in unity in order to comply with the natural processes of development of activities in the world Ocean and the interests of states. The protection and preservation of the World Ocean is a complex task that requires both a comprehensive regulatory and legal regulation at all levels, and the formation of a correct public consciousness about its integrity, unity and value of this unique, most important component of the Earth's hydrosphere, allowing the world community to unite in organizing cooperation on issues of ensuring global security of the entire civilization on a democratic basis.

Improving the transport infrastructure on the federal highway

Rostov-on-Don is located in the central part of Russia. It is a major transport hub. Paths from many regions of Russia intersect here. A route to the southern cities of the country passes through the metropolis, which is especially popular in the summer. Since 2022, the flow of freight and passenger transport from the annexed territories of Russia has increased significantly. The city of Rostov-on-Don plays an important role in the supply of goods, provision of services, as well as the supply of construction materials for the restoration of settlements in the annexed territories. In the Rostov region, great attention is paid to repairing roads to the Lugansk and Donetsk people's republics. High-quality roads and transport links play an important role in the development of new territories in Russia and influence the development of the modern economy. The main entrance/exit to the city is the A-280 highway “Rostov-on-Don - Taganrog - border with the DPR”, which has federal status. The route starts from Rostov-on-Don, namely from the roundabout intersection of Malinovskoye Street and Taganrog Highway, which is located within the city. The purpose of the study is to improve transport infrastructure to improve road safety at this intersection.

Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Endemic Diseases of Geochemical Nature

—Throughout millions of years of geological history (in the Phanerozoic), the coevolution of all living organisms took place in a fierce competition for resources and opportunities for the maximum reproduction. Due to the geochemical heterogeneity of the primary (pre-Quaternary) biosphere, this resulted in a self-regulating system of ecological niches, within which all local biocenoses and their animal and plant species were maximally adapted to the parameters of the habitat. However, with the emergence of reason, the situation changed fundamentally. Human beings became the dominant species and began the conscious development of new territories, including geochemically unfavorable ones, which led to the formation of zones of stable endemic diseases. Based on this premise, for all existing species, there should be areas with physiologically optimal habitat conditions, i.e., those under which the species has evolved to its present state. It follows that, by being able to record the geochemical parameters of the undisturbed biosphere, it is possible to obtain characteristics that are ecologically ideal for local animal and plant species. In theoretical terms, this allowed us to put forward the hypothesis that by fixing the difference between observed and ideal geochemical conditions, it is possible to build maps of risk of diseases of geochemical nature, including in areas subjected to anthropogenic pollution. The paper outlines the methodology and gives examples of construction of such maps. The obtained results can have an important practical value in organizing the system of sanitary–epidemiological service, in solving the problems of liquidation of the consequences of anthropogenic pollution, and in carrying out preventive measures to minimize the risk of diseases of geochemical nature.

CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS IN THE CONFESSIONAL STRUCTURE OF KAZAN GOVERNORATE IN THE XVIII–XIX CENTURIES

Studying the history of ethno-cultural interactions in a multiethnic society is of scientific and practical interest.
 
 The purpose of the study is to examine the historical conditions and factors of the penetration and spread of Catholics and Protestants in the Kazan governorate in the XVIII–XIX centuries, to analyze the features of social and intercultural communications.
 
 Materials and methods. The article is based on the analysis of literary and documentary materials. The main sources of research were archival documents, legal acts, materials of censuses, periodicals. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are made using the chronological, typological methods, institutional and cultural-anthropological approaches.
 
 Study results. Catholics and Protestants penetrated the Kazan governorate in the XVIII–XIX centuries from the countries of Western Europe. The historical conditions of their resettlement were the development of the Russian Empire, the development of new territories, the need for qualified personnel in various spheres of state and public activity. The reasons for the relocation were due to wars, social movements, as well as voluntary departure of foreigners to the Russian regions for the purpose of employment, temporary or permanent residence. Catholics, represented mainly by Poles, more often adhered to religious traditions, while Protestants, due to greater simplicity of their cult, less ritualism, simplified apologetics, more actively interacted with the Orthodox population, exerting a certain influence on it. Western Christians had a high social status, were employed in government, military service, in the fields of science and education, healthcare, trade, etc. Despite their relative small number, Catholics and Protestants have left a noticeable mark on the history and culture of the multi-ethnic region. The interaction between the Russian Orthodox Church and other traditional confessions with Catholicism and Protestantism was carried out on the basis of Russian legislation, which regulated their religious and social activities, prohibited missionary work among Russian subjects.
 
 Conclusions. During the period under review, the religious diversity of Kazan governorate was supplemented by Western Christian confessions and denominations, making it even more mosaic. Resettlement of Catholics and Protestants was caused by political, economic, socio-cultural reasons. The dynamics of the quantitative and qualitative composition of Western Christians depended on the historical conditions in Europe and Russia. Tsarism supported resettlement of foreigners, created the legal basis for their residence and professional activity, respected freedom of religion, but forbade converting Russian citizens into their faith. The results of the study make a definite contribution to the study of ethno–confessional processes in Kazan governorate in the XVIII-XIX centuries, enabling to better understand the nature of modern ethno-cultural communications in polyethnic regions of Russia.

Анархизм в очень старых и в самых современных одеждах. Практика

This article discusses examples of the practical implementation of the ideas of anarchism or attempts at such an implementation. The author believes that without taking into account and systematizing these phenomena, the economic history of the world is incomplete. The author does not make it his task to promote these examples and attempts, he only believes that they cannot be ignored. First, the author considers the anarchies that existed in Europe in the Middle Ages: Free Frisia and Dithmarschen in the north of Europe and the ‘Forest Cantons’ on the territory of modern Switzerland. The phenomenon of the Wild West in the history of the United States is analyzed as a form of long-term existence of the economy on a vast territory without government control. It is noted that those elements of self-organization of the population that were formed during the development of new territories in the western United States are usually hushed up. The author also considers temporarily existing anarchist communities in Spain in the 1930s and modern anarchist movements in Latin America, as well as the problem of the so-called ‘optimal size of the state’, which was raised by the anarchist Leopold Kohr. The paper describes a zone of Zomia, in which 100 million people currently live, who do not recognize the authority of any state. The author explores ideological roots of the Makhnovshchina, an anarchist movement during the Civil War. It is shown that the Republic of Nestor Makhno was organized not spontaneously, but according to certain initial political principles. The author especially highlights the successful attempt to build an anarchist community in Libya, where the principle of the absence of state taxes was practically implemented, since the state had other sources of income. In conclusion, two events of recent years are analyzed, behind which it is not customary to see the practical implementation of anarchist ideas: the Ukrainian Maidan of 2014 and the ‘Yellow Vests’ movement in France in 2018. Both of these phenomena are currently usually interpreted as spontaneous or inspired from outside. However, the author believes that such an interpretation is one-sided, not taking into account the continuity of pre-existing ideological and political currents.

Planning of functional zones of populated areas for the purpose of sustainable development of territories

In conditions of increasing intensity of use of territories, congestion of already existing settle-ments, increasing demand for spaces providing recreation, the problem of planning and develop-ment of new territories, including settlements, is acute. Comprehensive and rational approaches to solving this problem are required. This is the reason for the relevance of the topic of territory planning.
 Functional zones are determined on the basis of a territorial planning document, and the municipality has the right to modify the list of functional zones in its competence.
 To improve the quality of life of the population, as well as for the proper placement of objects on the city territory, a well-chosen solution is required, which is a general plan. It meets all urban planning and regulatory requirements and clearly shows how functionally and conveniently, through the establishment of boundaries and parameters of functional zones, to place all vital ob-jects on this territory.

Military-Administrative and Demographic Aspects of the Kuban Cossack Settlements Formation on the Adagum Cordon Line in the Trans-Kuban (1860s)

Based on documentary materials, this paper reviews the development of Northwestern Caucasus by the Cossacks in the 1860s. For the development of new territories, a defensive-offensive strategy was used. With the help of fortified settlement structures, the advancement and retention of Russian borders in the trans-Kuban areas were carried out.
 The “inducted” settlements are of particular interest because they were invariably tied to the cordon lines during the settlement period of the Trans-Kuban region. Among them, Cossack villages were the most stable settlement type. The focus of the scientific problem is the civil-settlement aspect and the military-organizational narrative of the Adagum cordon line. Historical settlements arose from a complex interweaving of politics and geography, power, and settlement modus vivendi, reflecting not only the Cossacks' way of life but also their identity.
 The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the significance of the Cossack settlement structures throughout the regional historical process to understand the process of development of the Trans-Kuban areas and the emerging network of fortification objects with key settlement structures in the form of fortified stanitsa settlements, as well as the penetration of Russian influence into a new area of the historical region of Kuban.
 This article is intended for historians and anyone interested in the history of the Cossacks.

СОПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОСТЬ И ГЕОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ: ОТ ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫХ КОЛОНИЗАЦИЙ К ТРАНСГРАНИЧНЫМ КАРТОГРАФИЯМ ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ

Any literary text is an act of ontological development of new territories. Culture, being always local, can develop the same territories more than once in physical terms — based on the epoch of its development, as well as on the geo-cultural transformations of these territories. The process of literary colonization means multiplication of geo-cultural processes, as a result of which new “clusters” of hybrid geo-cultural texts are created. Сo-spatiality in relation to literary colonization can be considered as a process of ontological identification of a territory with geo-cultural texts that have not previously been identical to it. At the same time, newly created geo-cultural texts turn out to be both co-spatial with themselves and with the texts of geo-cultures that have interacted. Literary colonization can be considered as a process of intensive intercultural interaction that generates hybrid texts, characterized by fundamentally new co-spatialities and also forming cross-border cartographies of imagination. Different geo-cultural traditions of colonization form different cartographies of the imagination of the same territory, in which there are images of colonizing territories. The integrity of the process of literary colonization is ensured by geo-cultural analysis, which combines places, mentalities and realities that are initially far from each other, and contributes to the construction of complex meta-cartographies of imagination, combining various cartographies of imagination in origin and content. The role of literary colonization lies in the “discovery” of geo-cultural transcoding — one or more significant literary works in the geo-cultural colonization context structure a new territory with the help of a newly developed complex meta-cartography of the imagination, offering common original rules of perception and reading of environmental features. The geo-culture of the colonization text consists in the “invention” of territorial strata, representing a new territoriality as an immanent necessity for the expansion and transformation of the author’s own consciousness. New colonization geo-cultures, mostly intermediate, become more co-spatial with each other, which leads to the formation of a planetary rhythm of colonization processes.

Применение геоинформационных технологий в изучении уровня обеспеченности объектами дошкольного образования на территориях Новой Москвы

The high growth rate of the population of Moscow determines the development of new territories, an increase in the density of buildings, which requires a constant increase in the number of social infrastructure facilities. Particular attention in spatial development projects is paid to the placement of primary educational facilities, namely preschool educational institutions. The study emphasizes the important role of the rational placement of these facilities in the Novomoskovsky and Troitsky administrative districts of Moscow, as a prerequisite for the effective development of the educational system in these areas. The authors calculated the provision of districts with preschool educational institutions, considering their design capacity and the actual need in order to solve the problem of lack of educational places. Graphic materials of the obtained research results were generated in the QGIS geographic information system. As a result of the work, parameters for the classification of settlements were determined; analyzed and mapped spatial information on the objects of preschool education in Novomoskovsk and Troitsk administrative districts. The initial data in the QGIS GIS system were materials from the website of the Department of Education and Science of the city of Moscow, as well as information from open sources and official pages of educational organizations. Based on the classification of settlements in the studied districts obtained during the study, cartographic images were generated that clearly display the availability of preschool education institutions in the territories of New Moscow. The authors singled out the settlements of New Moscow in terms of indicators characterizing the level of provision of these territories with objects of preschool education relative to standard indicators. The final version of the cartographic images of the resulting classification was created using the Layout Manager tool in the QGIS GIS system. The result of the work was the classification of settlements, reflected on the map, which allows (considering current data) to visualize the location of preschool educational organizations in the districts of New Moscow. The results of research and mapping may be taken into account during development of the Master Plans of the districts.

German Colonists on River Milky Waters of Taurida Province in First Third of 19th Century

The information from the materials of the General Land Survey of the Russian Empire in the first third of the 19th century about the German colonies based on the territory of the Melitopol district of the Tauride province is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the great interest in the resettlement policy pursued by the Russian Empire in this region at the end of the 18th — the first third of the 19th centuries, as well as in the processes of settlement and development of new territories and the participation of foreign colonists in them. The novelty of the study lies in the involvement of previously unused “Economic notes on the plans of the General survey, field notes of land surveyors and controversial cases” as sources on the history of German colonists. Based on them, the author studies the features of the economic structure of the settlements of German colonists, the structure of their land. Particular attention is paid to the dispute between the Mennonites and the Dukhobors about the boundaries of possessions, during which the true location of the Molochnaya River bed was clarified. The consideration of the case shows that disputes over the boundaries of land plots were of a fundamental nature and reached the highest authorities. Until the 1830s, there were still unresolved issues related to land management and surveying of the German-speaking colonies.

Milestones of the history (to the 95-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute)

The article considers the logic and periods of V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute development as well as the driving forces during the mentioned periods and the most important outcomes and tasks for the near future. One can distinguish four main periods in the history of the Institute, they are: organization, sustainable development, survival, revival. Some factors like scientific and organizational structure of the Institute, its contribution to the development of theoretical and applied soil science are considered as the indicators typical of each period. Firstly, the Institute structure during the initial organization period shows the priority of fundamental soil research in the leading areas: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil genesis, biology, etc. Advanced development of theoretical research allowed scientists to promptly respond to actual needs of the developing country: search for soil resources for cultivation of technical crops, development of new territories, land reclamation and hydrotechnical construction. By the 1970s a kind of sustainable scientific and organizational structure had finally formed in the Institute. In the early 90s, the Soil Science Institute entered a critical phase of development. The second decade of the XXI century became a turning point in its fate. A new strategy in the development of scientific activities of the Institute was sorely needed. The new strategy consisted of three interrelated elements. The first one was modernization of the material and technical basis for researches; the second one was strengthening of the human resources potential through attraction of motivated young researchers; and the third one was in establishing unilateral and multilateral interactions between the partners – users of scientific knowledge. The main areas of interaction were the topical issues: food security, global climate change and their implications for the country. It has been shown that society can recognize and support the scientific research only if a constant flow of information, obtained by means of different tools and methods, is provided. The significance of soil science as a fundamental discipline in the socio-economic development of the country was confirmed by the Government Resolution (2022) on the celebration of the 100-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute. The modern noosphere paradigm in soil research poses new challenges to the science, at the forefront of which is V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute.

ОЦІНКА СТІЙКОСТІ ДІЛЯНКИ СХИЛУ ОДЕСЬКОГО УЗБЕРЕЖЖЯ

Currently, there is a reduction in sites convenient for the construction of facilities. In this regard, the question of the development of new territories that were previously considered unsuitable or economically unprofitable for construction is increasingly being raised. Very often it is necessary to build buildings and structures on or near slopes. The development of landslide and landslide-prone slopes requires a comprehensive study, the results of which should be used in the selection of measures for the engineering protection of territories, as well as design and construction on slopes. The main task of engineers, when performing design and survey work in landslide-prone areas, is to assess the stability of the slope and the magnitude of the landslide pressure. The article calculates the stability of the landslide-prone slope of the Odessa coast for the purpose of further construction development. The slope in question is located on the Franzysky Boulevard, in the area of the Chkalov resort. The site features are in complex engineering and geological conditions (loess soils, collapsing properties of soils, several water-bearing layers). It has been established that deep block landslides of extrusion occurred earlier in this area. After landslide control measures consisting in construction of marine cost protection and drainage structures, an increase in slope stability was observed. Despite the measures taken, there is a beach erosion with partial destruction of coast protection structures, which can lead to increased abrasion and negatively affect the stability of the entire slope. Slope stability calculations are performed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulation. According to the flat schemes, calculations were performed in the Slide software package using Bishop and Janbu methods. The slope stability assessment in a three-dimensional formulation was performed by the finite element method using the Midas GTS NX calculation program and consists of determining the stress-strain state of the soil mass and the stability margin factor. Based on the calculation results obtained, the slope stability is assessed and options for landslide control (retaining) structures are proposed.

Assessment of ecological-geomorphological strength and risk of geosystems of the north-eastern slope of the Great Caucasus (within Azerbaijan)

Problem statement. The increased human pressure on natural geo-complexes is causing the revival of undesirable processes that create an extensive risk for the inhabitants of these regions. Alpine-type orogenic zones, which belong to the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, are distinguished from many geomorphological systems by excessive activity of endo- and exogenous processes. Therefore, at this time, the task of diagnosing and assessing the ecological and geomorphological risk that the population faces in the development of new territories of the region seems to be important. Analysis of recent research and publications. After analyzing a number of techniques used to assess the landslide and mudflow hazards, the conclusion was made that most of them had their flaws. Research method. There are a large number of methods for assessing the risk of environmental management and predicting hazardous exodynamic processes. However, in modern conditions, these techniques are not sufficiently reliable. This, in turn, determines the relevance and the need to develop new or modernised methods of strategies for the prevention, protection, and elimination of the consequences of catastrophes and natural disasters. The purpose of this work is to reveal the geomorphological features and dynamics of the development of the most dangerous and often repeating landslide and mudflow processes based on field geomorphological studies, as well as fund literature, indicate the reasons for their formation and propose measures to combat them. Research results. The article discusses the results of ecological and geomorphological surveys on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the assessment of landslide and mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. To assess them in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including the down gradient of slopes, the length and shape of slopes, areas of mudflow centers), large-scale (M 1:100000) topographic maps were used, as well as interpretation materials for different-scale and multi-temporal ASP. Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the studied region, in order to clarify the general picture of the dissection of the modern relief of the studied region, a map of morphometric tension was compiled, which includes the degree of vertical dissection of the territory, the down gradient of slopes, etc., and also maps of the risk of landslides and mudflows were compiled according to the degree of danger of landslide and mudflow processes, and the area of their distribution was calculated. Landslide and mudflow risk analysis mainly used high-resolution aerospace imagery (ASI) from CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies (GeoEye-1), and medium resolution Sentinel-2A and 2B. Thus visual and semi-automatic interpretation (classification with training) was performed in the ArcGIS environment. As a result, taking into account the morphometric tension, as well as the mudflow and landslide hazards, a map of the morphodynamic tension of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus was compiled, which makes it possible to reveal the modern nature of the manifestation of exodynamic processes, to predict and assess the risk coming from them. Conclusion. The results of the research will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of the Program for the safe and sustainable functioning and development for the purpose of recreational and tourist development of the difficult of access mountain geosystems of Azerbaijan.

Modern climate warming, dynamics and development of new plots of bird areas as population adaptation to anthropogenic landscapes of Eastern Siberia

The article discusses the features of the formation of new plots of the areas for birds in the anthropogenic landscapes of Eastern Siberia under the conditions of modern climate warming. It is emphasized that at the initial stages of this process, the warming was not intense and hardly noticeable (the beginning of the 19th - the first half of the 20th centuries). However, already at that time there was a clear trend towards the expansion of bird areas to the north and east. This process has progressed as the trend towards climate warming intensifies. In the second half of the 20th century, some typically western bird species reached Eastern Siberia. At the same time, extensive and prolonged droughts in the east of Central Asia caused a strong counter flow of dispersing birds to the west and north. In a number of bird species, mixing of the streams of dispersing birds was observed, and often these were closely related species. This indicates the formation of gaps in their once common areas that arose during periods of sharp cooling in previous climatic epoch. In the middle of the 20th century, the anthropogenic development of Eastern Siberia was very high. This facilitated the movement of birds of open landscapes far north. This fact is also emphasized by the oncoming flows of birds settling to the east and west as a result of severe and prolonged droughts in Central Asia. The birds of these streams crossed the Baikal rift zone (the northeastern zoogeographic boundary) and went far to the north - to the Central Yakut lowland and the tundra zone. The data obtained show that the development of new territories by birds and the expansion of their areas is associated with intense climate warming. The development of the territory by man only contributed to the movement of birds to new regions, due to the formation of more suitable habitats for birds (open and mosaic landscapes). Consequently, the intensification of climate warming, coinciding with the expansion of bird areas to the north, indicates that it was warming, and not intensive development of the territory by humans, that played the leading role in this process. The entire process currently observed is the adaptation of birds to the dynamic conditions of the new climatic period.

ORGANIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENTS WITH PREFABRICATED MODULAR BUILDINGS FOR TEMPORARY AND LONG-TERM LIVES OF LIVING, IN CONNECTION WITH THE WAR IN UKRAINE

The cities of Ukraine are our pride! It was the envy of prominent Ukrainian cities that provoked the aggressor's attack on our native lands. It should be noted that most Russian cities, which are more remote, cannot be proud of their amenities: there is no sewerage or water supply, unpaved streets quickly turn into swamps of sticky dirt. On the 24th of February 2022, the war began, and Russian Federation attacked Ukraine on all sides of the common border, from Luhansk to Chernihiv. The enemy army fired artillery at Ukrainian border posts. Hometown Kharkiv is a city in the northeast, the first capital, the scientific center of Ukraine, subjected to massive bombing. Every day the occupiers purposefully destroy more and more civilian infrastructure, because of which the evacuation began. The news notes that in the first days of the war, every day about 30,000 people go from the Kharkiv railway station to safe places, to the west of the country and abroad. That is why the article considers the best ways to develop the territories of the western part of the country, through the organization of energy-efficient ecological settlements with prefabricated modular buildings for temporary and long-term residence of people who lost their homes because of the war. In the formation of energy-efficient ecological settlements, the main basic aspects are laid down, including: minimization of impacts on the existing natural environment, use of processes on the way to improving urban planning, implementation of rational spatial solutions, ensuring resilience of settlements to disasters and war, application renewable energy sources (use does not lead to additional heating of the atmosphere, so this energy is waste-free and does not pollute the atmosphere), ensuring efficient water supply and rational use, development of underground space and conservation of natural areas. innovative living space, with the necessary, comfortable conditions that will serve for the development of new territories and for the revival of destroyed territories because of the war.