Development Of Natural Sciences Research Articles

Typology and specificity of biology philosophical problems

The article examines a new complexity problem of ontology brought to life by technical interventions in living systems. The object is the philosophical problems of biology, the subject of the research is to identify the specifics and typology of the philosophical problems of biology.The development of experimental technology predetermined the transition of biology to the molecular (genomic) level, which made it one of the leaders among the natural sciences. Biology is changing the scientific picture of the world within the framework of cybernetic ontology, a new paradigm, wherein molecules are used as vehicles for transmitting information, and life sciences are transformed into “technobiological art.” The nature of scientific knowledge transforms subject-object relations, knowledge is determined by techno-scientific methods and techniques in the field of biomedical and information technologies. Practical and theoretical schemes of biology act as a special model of experimental measurement practice and as a project of technical action.Technology raises many socio-ethical issues that go beyond the purview of natural scientists and engineers. Both philosophers and natural scientists are disturbed by the idea that the development of natural science has changed or will change in the nearest future civilization and the destinies of mankind.

Overview of the Development of the Philosophy of Science in Croatia

This paper deals with an overview of the development of the philosophy of science in Croatia. The philosophy of science deals with the problems of the natural sciences seeks the meaning of science, and rationally looks at science from different aspects as its material object. In Croatia, the philosophy of science developed as in other European nations, therefore inseparable from the development of natural sciences and the social context. The paper presents some of the most significant representatives of philosophers and events that influenced the development of the philosophy of science in Croatia.

Epidemiology at the Bar: A Legal Proof on Causation with Cancer Epidemiological Results.

The development of natural science has revealed causal relationships that we did not know about through scientific hypotheses and verification. Therefore, given enough time, the causal relationship between the controversial toxic substances and disease outbreaks will be largely elucidated. However, in the courtroom, the judge cannot wait for that moment, and must make a legal value judgment on the causal relationship as a condition for establishing a tort. In other words, the responsibility for who will compensate for the actual damage must be attributed to which party. This study examines the evidence of epidemiological findings in today's risk society. In particular, we deal with cases where there is no way to prove a causal relationship other than epidemiological data in a lawsuit for compensation for damages caused by harmful substances such as cigarettes. This study seeks to find a way to appropriately evaluate the value of evidence by correctly interpreting and rationally utilizing the results of epidemiological studies in court through a pragmatic pluralistic approach.<br />.

The Development of the Natural Sciences in the Context of the Reformation

The Reformation, which is the symbol of humanist thought and early science, played an important role in the development of the Church. During the Reformation, the Church, which benefited from the development of natural science, also provided the basis and necessary conditions for the development of natural science. This paper examines the process of change in the natural sciences during this period on the basis of the Reformation of the 16th and 17th centuries, with the aim of demonstrating the particular features of the relationship between religion and science during this period. The Reformation transformed people's preconceptions of God and broke the blind faith in God that had been influenced by the traditional Latin Bible. After the 17th century, when it became increasingly clear that scientists were reducing their use of the supernatural to explain scientific developments, the natural sciences tried to avoid excessive association with theology.

MATHEMATICS IN NATURAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The need to modernize modern education in order to increase the level of students' interest in studying subjects, mathematical and natural sciences, was noted. The role of mathematics and natural sciences for the versatile development of the personality in general, their necessity from the first years of education is defined and integration as an important condition for unification and mutual use in the educational process of mathematical and natural knowledge. The relevance of the problem of using mathematics both in the learning process and for various areas of scientific knowledge is substantiated. The article describes general historical information about mathematics as a science and gives examples of the interpretation of its content by scientists of both the past and the present. The factors determining the importance of the role of mathematics are determined. Its general aspects are characterized from the point of view of mathematical language, its elements, namely, sign, symbol, model, mathematical modeling. The important role of the language of mathematics both in the cognitive activity of a person and in the research of natural sciences at various stages of their development is substantiated.&#x0D; As a result of the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and generalizations of the use of mathematical methods and tools, examples of the interpretation of the concept of "mathematization of scientific knowledge" are given. The main aspects of the mathematization of sciences and, in particular, its necessity in the formation and development of natural sciences are theoretically substantiated. The necessary conditions for the effectiveness of the application of the concepts and methods of mathematics and the strengthening of the mathematization of knowledge have been identified. Examples of the application of mathematical methods for such sciences as astronomy and chemistry are given. The need for mathematization in natural science is also mentioned in the context of biological sciences, and the stages of this process are characterized.&#x0D; The degree of reality of mathematical concepts and structures in natural science has been clarified; of mutual dependence, bilateral connection of mathematics and natural sciences are clarified. That is, that natural science is necessary for modern mathematics, just as it is necessary for it. The significance of mathematization in the integration of natural knowledge in today's conditions is indicated. The author also drew attention to the issue of mathematization of natural sciences in the context of the educational process, i.e., that for the subjects of the study, it involves the penetration of mathematics into natural science; on the problem of conditioning the integration of mathematics with science subjects. It was emphasized that science and mathematics education is gaining importance today and the need for active implementation of STEM education in the New Ukrainian School and, in particular, in the primary level.

Establishment, development and prospect of the Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences of National Natural Science Foundation of China

<p indent="0mm">Along with the development of natural science at current stage, interdisciplinary scientific research is an inevitable trend and destiny in pursuit of innovations in science or technologies. Much more evidence (global positioning system, internet, national security, integrated circuit, and robot technology, etc.) has proven that interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary and significant in solving important and complicated scientific problems. Thus, the United State of America (USA) built the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1958. European Union (EU) started the interdisciplinary scientific research plan of Horizon 2020 and built the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) in 2008. As well, the developed countries (Germany, United Kingdom, and Nordic countries) established interdisciplinary scientific research agencies sequentially and promoted a series of interdisciplinary scientific research projects. In China, the concept of interdisciplinary scientific research was put forward by Dr. Xuesen Qian at National Interdisciplinary Conference in 1985. In 1997, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) initiated the Major Research Plan, which aims at solving the key fundamental problems in national strategy and exploring the scientific frontier in understanding the natural world with the assistance of interdisciplinary cooperation. Besides, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China also started the National Key Research and Development Program (SKRD Program) in 2015 to break through the bottleneck of science and technology. Although the concept of developing interdisciplinary science is widely accepted all over the world, interdisciplinary research is still in the initial stage. Due to the division of different disciplines formatted in past decades, the barrier and prejudices between disciplines are inveteracy, which imposes the impediment on interdisciplinary cooperation. Further, the complexity of interdisciplinary scientific research reduces the willingness of scientists, especially young scientists, to work on interdisciplinary science. Even worse, the funding mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of interdisciplinary scientific research has not been formed and is still under exploration. How identifying the characteristics of interdisciplinary research and guiding/fostering its development with funding methodology are challenging. Established in October 2020, the Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences (DIS) at NSFC has clear mission and responsibility of promoting interdisciplinary scientific research in China. Since its establishment, DIS has experienced a process of pioneering explorations in a series of aspects to create the culture for accelerating interdisciplinary cooperation, such as initiating “top-down” design of projects, summarization of scientific issues, selection of outstanding projects, and training of potential talent, etc. To encourage more scientists to get involved in interdisciplinary scientific research, this article mainly introduces the operation mechanism of DIS including its duty, organizational structure, work culture, project settings, development goals, etc. Moreover, to better elaborate the difference between DIS and other departments in NSFC, the novel attempts in funding project management are also carefully summarized, such as the innovations in the proposed project application, proposal evaluations, and project management in the past two years. At last, this article provides the outlook on developing interdisciplinary scientific research, the difficulties encountered in the operation that are difficult to solve under the existing funding mechanism, and the challenges in promoting the development of interdisciplinary science in future. We hope this article can pave the way for developing interdisciplinary science and encouraging interdisciplinary talents in China.

Coastal town planning in the context of rising sea level

With the development of natural science, more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between man and nature, and various natural crises have begun to be valued. Global warming and sea level rise are beginning to be recognized by the public. Hard or soft measure has been tried around the world to prevent marine disasters and build ecological coasts and cities. The site selected for the project is Fish Quay in the North Shield, which is a town that is typically vulnerable to marine erosion due to its proximity to the estuary and low-lying topography. The universality of the area’s qualities and the richness of the region’s history make it a very well-suited testing ground for measures to deal with sea level rise. This paper takes this as an example to formulate effective and feasible survival strategies for coastal cities.

К 200-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ ЛУИ ПАСТЕРА. ВЫСТАВКА В МУЗЕЕ ЗЕМЛЕВЕДЕНИЯ МГУ

The paper describes the exhibition “Louis Pasteur and the development of natural sciences: on the 200th anniversary of his birth” organized in the MSU Earth Science Museum. It reflects Pasteur’s scientific achievements which led to the formation and development of such important branches of modern science as crystallography and stereochemistry, microbiology and biotechnology, hygiene and microbial ecology, veterinary and medicine, immunology and virology. The role of Pasteur in the organization of science and education is highlighted. The perpetuation of memory of the great French scientist is pointed out.

Ювілейні видання 1930-х років інституцій Греко-католицької Церкви в Галичині

Jubilee editions of such institutions of the Greek Catholic Church as: the Theological Scientific Society, the Greek Catholic Theological Academy, and theological seminaries in Lviv and Przemyśl, published in Galicia in the 1930s, are considered. Publications covered the scientific and educational activities of the mentioned institutions based on the documentary materials. These reflect the leading role of both the head of the Greek Catholic Church, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, and the rector of the Theological Academy, Dr. Josyp Slipyi. The documents and materials presented in the jubilee editions, such as the messages of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi, reports of rector J. Slipyi, bibliography of publications of the Theological Scientific Society and Theological Academy, biographies of religious and cultural figures of Galicia, registers of scientific seminars on theology, philosophy, history, Slavic philology and sacred art, evidence the deep scientific research undertaken in the field of humanitarian studies. The main organizer of scientific research in the interwar period was the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv, but the other institutions, such as: the Theological Scientific Society and the Theological Academy, the only Ukrainian higher school in Galicia, also took an important part in the development of national science and culture. Ukrainian theological science was represented at the European level by the journal «Theology», the edition published by the Theological Scientific Society, and later by the Theological Academy. It published materials written not only by theologians, but also by Ukrainian and foreign historians, writers, art critics, philosophers, and national educational figures, which contributed to revitalizing public life in Galicia. The use of these materials and documents by modern researchers of the history of the Greek-Catholic Church of the interwar period in publications, fundamental editions, discussions at symposia and scientific seminars, which are mentioned in the article, attests to the relevance and source value of such jubilee publications.

Determination of factors of territorial connection of the country for development of multimodal air transport system

In modern economic realities, scientific and technical programs and innovative projects of a full cycle should become the dominant tools necessary for the effective implementation of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. Specially created souncils, the scope of which is related to the determination of priorities in the development of national science, should carry out the procedures for the formation and expert selection of innovative programs / projects of the full cycle. A list of complex scientific and technological projects proposed in the formation of the list of measures for 2020-2022 within the framework of the subprogram "Aviation Science and Technology" of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Development of Aviation Industry for 2013-2025" was compiled. A list of general goals of scientific and technological development of aircraft construction is presented. The most priority directions of scientific and technological development of modern civil aircraft construction have been determined. The authors considered the main goals, objectives and composition of the components included in the integrated air transport system. As a practical example, the formation of the appearance of a promising air transport system in terms of creating innovative technologies for existing and future aircraft, taking into account its integration into the multimodal transport system of the Russian Federation, is considered. The authors of the article propose a new approach to the development of a program / project of a complete innovation cycle based on the use of "gate" approach. The tasks of interaction with the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on the creation of air transport system are considered.

Development of natural science through the Gamification and ICT in Primary Education

Innovative methodologies and new emerging technologies have significant potential for education. Therefore, their use is becoming more and more common in the educational society. This research analyses the integration of gamification through ICT in natural sciences in primary education to improve environmental education. Two didactic units of renewable energies are implemented through a control group which uses a traditional learning method and an experimental group which uses the gamification method and ICT as an educational resource. By means of a mixed methodology, data from 36 students of 6th grade of primary school are analysed, applying the Mann Whitney U-test, a questionnaire and systematic observation. It is highlighted that the work and integration of the gamification methodology, through ICT, does not significantly improve academic performance. However, statistically significant improvements are stressed in satisfaction and motivation in learning processes. The results underline the need for teachers to receive technological and pedagogical training to improve the use of technology in their classrooms.

Natural history museology: establishment and formation of its theoretical bases

The article presents a brief historical outline of the formation and development of natural history museology in Europe in the 15th–19th centuries. The development of scientific knowledge at that time affects the idea of the world order and the place of man in it, and the combination of knowledge with practical experience leads to the birth of true science. It is shown that one of the most important components of the development of natural sciences, in particular biological sciences, was the collection of naturalia (i.e. objects of natural origin), the rapid surge of interest in which contributed to the Great Geographical Discoveries. In chronological order, the further historical development of museum work from private collections in Italy to the formation of a prototype of a genuine museum, which performs the main museum functions such as amassment, storage and demonstration of collections, is considered. The role of prominent naturalists and philosophers such as F. Bacon, C. Linnaeus, and J.-W. Goethe in the development of museum work is considered and little known facts about their work in this area are presented. The first works of art that show the interiors of “Kunstkameras”, which became widespread in Europe in the 17th–18th centuries, are briefly considered. According to the authors, it is on the portrait of the Belarusian educator F. Skorina, which was published in Prague in 1517–1519, that the interior of the first Renaissance “kunstkammer” collections is depicted. Separately, the development of museology in Ukraine since the time of Yuriy Kotermak (Drohobych) (1450–1494) is considered and the differentiation of the concept of “museum” in the monuments of Ukrainian literature of the period of the 16th–18th centuries is studied. The authors considered the methodological foundations of natural history museology and analysed the existing classifications of various branches of science. The specificity of natural history museology in the system of museological science is shown, the issue of singling out natural history museology as an independent discipline is discussed. It is proved that the periodization of museology and museum work in certain territories in historical time can be considered correct; the author's development of the periodization of natural history museology in Europe is also given.

PREFACE

PREFACE

UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI BATERAI KINERJA TINGGI SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI SILA KE-TIGA PANCASILA

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;The loss of the Pancasila ideology in the Indonesian nation is the same as the loss of national identity. One of the progress of a nation can be seen from the development of science and technology that is rational and remains consistent with its ideology. Where to form a nation that can build the development of science and technology, it must be accompanied by the cultivation of Pancasila values. In overcoming the Pancasila values that are starting to fade and form an advanced nation, it is necessary to carry out a strategy to form the identity of the Indonesian people which has a positive impact on the development of Science and Technology. The strategy of forming the identity of the Indonesian people in the era of global culture can be implemented in the development of natural science and technology, one of which is the development of High Performance Battery Technology. The goal is to be able to increase the awareness of the Indonesian people to understand the value of the third precept of Pancasila, as well as prove that the development of science and technology can be an implementation to apply the value of the third principle of Pancasila.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

Problems of Research Funding in the Agro-Industrial Complex of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the research was to find out why the reforms of the long-term state policy for the development of national science did not lead to an increase in the funding of scientific research and an increase in the role of science in the national innovation system, including in the field of agricultural science. The study was conducted using questionnaire-based survey methods and focused expert interviews. The results obtained in the course of the research are of practical interest to the authorized bodies of the state scientific and innovation policy of Kazakhstan, subjects of innovation infrastructure and entrepreneurs in the field of science and innovation. According to the results of the survey, the trend of scientists’ dissatisfaction with the existing system of financing agro-industrial science is clearly traced, as well as their own opinions on specific measures to solve problems existing in this area.

Contribution of Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) to the development of museum field

In May 2022, the 315th anniversary of the birth of Carl Linnaeus was celebrated. He was the famous Swedish naturalist and taxonomist of wildlife. During his life, he studied many natural sciences: botany, zoology, mineralogy, assay and others. He devoted several years to practical medicine. His significant role in the development of natural science is reflected in numerous publications. However, his contribution to the development of museum field is not mentioned at all or mentioned in passing. In fact his activity was closely connected with collections, the development of their storage and the creation of museums. There is no separate publication on this topic among Russian museological researches, so it seems necessary to fill this gap. The article is devoted to the role of Carl Linnaeus in the history of the development of museum field. The authors trace the life story of Carl Linnaeus, highlighting the important episodes that he devoted to museum activities. They included his work on the description and storage of famous European collections, the research of his own natural science collection and the publication of their results. Also he has constructed a building for manuscripts and collected natural materials. For many years Carl Linnaeus studied the flora and fauna of Sweden, as well as the way of life and customs of the peoples who inhabited its northern part. His trip to Lapland played an important role for the development of European local lore and ethnography. Other scientific works raise issues of terminology and principles of storage and description of natural science collections. The article reveals the history of the Uppsala Botanical Garden, the Linnaean Museum of Natural History and its collection, the contents of several scientific works and dissertations and the contribution of Linnaean Russian students to the development of domestic scientific knowledge and museum practice.

Изоморфизм как междисциплинарно-психологическая матрица анализа отношения к природе и здоровью в организациях (на примере Байкальского региона)

The appearance in organizations in order to protect the environment and improve human health of natural algorithms of activity and nature-like technologies actualizes the methodological role of analysis of such strategies on the basis of isomorphisma. A multidisciplinary approach to isomorphism, as a matrix for bringing human beings closer to the social, animal and plant world on the basis of natural resources, is particularly important in regions that are monuments to the naturaland cultural heritage of mankind, which Baikal has been advocating since 1996. The algorithms of such analysis will primarily affect the interrelated isomorphic parameters of personality and organization, which are the most significant in their interaction with nature. For a systematic consideration of the problem, it is advisable to combine the main analysis with the search (use) of developments in natural sciences that can function as specific sources of human and organization communication with the natural world; in our case, the provisions of biomimicry: nature as a model, as a measure and as amentor. The analysis also touches on the significant “mechanisms” of adaptation of organizations and people to the implementation of innovative tasks of ensuring natural life and environmental safety — imitative, normative, and forced isomorphism. The core of the interdisciplinary psychological analysisis the socio-psychological concept of one of the authors of the article on the relationship of isomorphic parameters of the community (organization) and personality, modified for environmental activities. It (the relationship) concerns four aspects: firstly, the genetic memory and mental attitudes of people about “oikos” — home, homeland, as the main place of their being; secondly, the unity of the targets of organizations with the motivation of their members to protect nature and promote health; thirdly, ensuring environmental friendliness of actions when implementation of social roles and proactive behavior in formal and informal organizations; fourth, achieving an understanding by members oforganizations and the public of the importance of feedback not only for determining development prospects, but also for assessing the level of activity of subjects in overcoming environmental problems.

The Influence of Agriculture on Natural Environment in the Works by Alexander von Humboldt, Charles Lyell and Justus von Liebig

Assessment of the influence of agriculture on natural environment is now one of the most topical issues in modern ecology. Crop and forage lands occupy immense spaces, which used to host natural ecosystems, and significantly transform natural environment. In this respect, crop farming deserves particular attention, as tilling has the most profound transforming effect on all natural landscape components, especially soil, flora and fauna, and aquatic regime of the area. In this article we attempt to trace the origins of scientific concepts of the impact of agriculture on natural systems. The emergence of interest in this matter among the scientific community can be traced back to the first half of the 19th century. This interest was evoked by the socioeconomic situation in the era of industrial revolution and by the progress in the development of natural sciences in which two fundamental ideas, the integrity and continuous development of nature, became established at the time. The article analyzes the views of three prominent naturalists of the first half of the 19th century – a German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt, a Scottish geologist Charles Lyell, and a German agrochemist Justus von Liebig – on the influence of land development on natural environment.

The Opening and Launch of Activities of the Chemistry Laboratory at the Polytechnic Museum (Late 19th – Early 20th Century)

This article is devoted to the history of emergence and development of the chemistry laboratory at the Moscow Museum of Applied Knowledge (Polytechnic Museum), one of the oldest laboratories in Moscow and the first of the Museum’s laboratories. Its creation was predetermined by the following important factors: rapid development of natural science in the second half of the 19th century, introduction of obligatory laboratory practice in the natural science curriculum at higher education institutions, and the fact that the Museum founders believed that laboratories had to be in place at the Museum as one of the ways of delivering its educational goals and promoting dissemination of technology knowledge. The Polytechnic Museum’s chemistry laboratory was modelled after the laboratories of Western European museums. The decisive role in the organization of the laboratory belonged to I. P. Arkhipov, chemical engineer, member of the Museum Organization Committee and director of the Museum’s technology department. In the years that followed, the renowned chemists V. V. Markovnikov and I. A. Kablukov were extensively involved in the work of the laboratory. Initially the laboratory played an auxiliary role and was only used to prepare demonstration experiments; later on, the scope of its functions broadened. In the course of the time, the laboratory became increasingly involved in the Museum’s overall work, one of the main lines of which was the acquisition of museum items. After the Polytechnic Museum moved to its own building, the chemistry laboratory was organized and equipped like the most advanced European laboratories. With necessary instruments and equipment in place, it could provide space and necessary conditions for the experimental and research work to those interested. By the early 20th century the works at the chemistry laboratory were mostly associated with the Museum’s instructional and educational activities as well as with the formation of its collections. Research was conducted at the laboratory only sporadically. The Museum’s chemistry laboratory also acted as a resource and methodology center for educational work, where new demonstration experiments in chemistry were developed and the methodologies for conducting these experiments were honed.

General secondary schools requirements for the introduction of informed educational resources for the development of natural sciences

General secondary schools requirements for the introduction of informed educational resources for the development of natural sciences