Development Of Nanodelivery Systems Research Articles

Advances in Cyclodextrins and Their Derivatives in Nano-Delivery Systems.

The diversity of cyclodextrins and their derivatives is increasing with continuous research. In addition to monomolecular cyclodextrins with different branched chains, cyclodextrin-based polymers have emerged. The aim of this review is to summarize these innovations, with a special focus on the study of applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives in nano-delivery systems. The areas covered include nanospheres, nano-sponges, nanogels, cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks, liposomes, and emulsions, providing a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the design and development of nano-delivery systems.

Advances in dendritic cell targeting nano-delivery systems for induction of immune tolerance.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs), play a key role in initiating the body's immune response, maintain the balance of immunity. DCs can also induce immune tolerance by rendering effector T cells absent and anergy, and promoting the expansion of regulatory T cells. Induction of tolerogenic DCs has been proved to be a promising strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases by various laboratory researches and clinical trials. The development of nano-delivery systems has led to advances in situ modulation of the tolerance phenotype of DCs. By changing the material composition, particle size, zeta-potential, and surface modification of nanoparticles, nanoparticles can be used for the therapeutic payloads targeted delivery to DCs, endowing them with great potential in the induction of immune tolerance. This paper reviews how nano-delivery systems can be modulated for targeted delivery to DCs and induce immune tolerance and reviews their potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases.

Quality by Design: A Methodical Approach in Development of Nano Delivery System

Pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) is a methodical approach to development of drug which begins with predefined objectives and control based on scientific acumen and quality risk management. QbD in the field of pharmacy is based on the basic understanding of the quality profile of final products affects by materials and process parameters. The application of QbD in designing of drug delivery system is based on a sound understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process and parameters. Most of problems in quality in formulations are related to the way designing of pharmaceutical product was carried out. The most important element of QbD based drug delivery development is the risk assessment (RA) activity which is important aspect during the development process. This review article addressed various concepts and applications od QbD to optimize and develop various nano drug delivery systems such as, examples liposomes, proliposome, nanoliposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, microsponges, solid lipid nanoparticles, transgel. nanostructured lipid carriers, nano emulsions with the research published in recent years.

Optimally biosynthesized, PEGylated gold nanoparticles functionalized with quercetin and camptothecin enhance potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities

BackgroundThe development of nano delivery systems is rapidly emerging area of nanotechnology applications where nanomaterials (NMs) are employed to deliver therapeutic agents to specific site in a controlled manner. To accomplish this, green synthesis of NMs is widely explored as an eco-friendly method for the development of smart drug delivery system. In the recent times, use of green synthesized NMs, especially metallic NMs have fascinated the scientific community as they are excellent carriers for drugs. This work demonstrates optimized green, biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for functionalization with quercetin (QT) and camptothecin (CPT) to enhance potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities of these drugs.ResultsGold nanoparticles were optimally synthesized in 8 min of reaction at 90 °C, pH 6, using 4 mM of HAuCl4 and 4:1 ratio of extract: HAuCl4. Among different capping agents tested, capping of AuNPs with polyethylene glycol 9000 (PG9) was found best suited prior to functionalization. PG9 capped AuNPs were optimally functionalized with QT in 1 h reaction at 70 °C, pH 7, using 1200 ppm of QT and 1:4 ratio of AuNPs-PG9:QT whereas, CPT was best functionalized at RT in 1 h, pH 12, AuNPs-PG9:CPT ratio of 1:1, and 0.5 mM of CPT. QT functionalized AuNPs showed good anti-cancer activity (IC50 687.44 µg/mL) against MCF-7 cell line whereas test of anti-inflammatory activity also showed excellent activity (IC50 287.177 mg/L). The CAM based assessment of anti-angiogenic activity of CPT functionalized AuNPs demonstrated the inhibition of blood vessel branching confirming the anti-angiogenic effect.ConclusionsThus, present study demonstrates that optimally synthesized biogenic AuNPs are best suited for the functionalization with drugs such as QT and CPT. The functionalization of these drugs with biogenic AuNPs enhances the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities of these drugs, therefore can be used in biomedical application.

Microfluidisation trends in the development of nanodelivery systems: characterisation and release study of resveratrol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier prepared with high‐pressure microfluidisation

The release behaviour and kinetic evaluation of resveratrol (Res) from nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) have been conducted after characterisation for Res-NLC in this study. High-pressure microfluidisation technique was successfully applied to manufacturing Res-NLC, and the morphology of nanoparticle was observed via freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to characterise the NLC system for particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). The in vitro release research was implemented by the dialysis method with active ingredient determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fitting of release data to different kinetic models was carried out. The optimised Res-NLC was physically stable with the PS below 200 nm, PDI below 0.3 and zeta potential (ZP) above 50 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was above 80%. Moreover, an in vitro release analysis demonstrated the sustained release profile of contents from NLC formulation over 12 h, with about 90% of the active ingredient released. Res-NLC presented the best fit with the Weibull model accompanied by better correlation value. In conclusion, all the obtained results demonstrated that the release study of Res-loaded NLC exhibited the promising application of the NLC formulation system in active ingredient sustained release carrier.

Developing Nano-Delivery Systems for Agriculture and Food Applications with Nature-Derived Polymers.

The applications of nanotechnology are wide ranging, and developing functional nanomaterials for agri-food applications from nature-derived polymers is widely conceived as a sustainable approach that is safer for human and animal consumption. In light of this, this review focuses on the advances in the development of nano-delivery systems using nature-derived polymers for agri-food applications. The review opens with a section detailing the different types of nature-derived polymers currently being used in various applications in the agri-food industry with a special mention on microbial extracellular polymeric materials. The major applications of nano-delivery systems in the food sector, such as food fortification and food preservation, as well as in the agricultural sector for controlled release of agrochemicals using nature-derived polymers are discussed. The review ends with a perspective on the safety and public perception of nano-enabled foods with a concluding remark on future directions of incorporating nano-delivery systems for agri-food purposes.

Nutraceutical approach to enhance lutein bioavailability via nanodelivery systems

Lutein, a potent dietary carotenoid, has considerable biological activity and confers protection against age-related macular degeneration. Its bioavailability following consumption, however, depends on its rate of degradation. Nanodelivery systems with improved efficacy and stability are currently being developed to increase the bioavailability of lutein. This review examines nutraceutical approaches used in the development of such nanodelivery systems. It describes the methods of lutein preparation, the characteristics of various delivery systems, and the lutein delivery profile. In order to enhance lutein loading, provide electrostatic stabilization, and achieve the controlled release of lutein, adjuvants such as dextran moieties, whey proteins, medium-chain triglycerides, and chitosan polymers can be used to effectively reduce the particle size (< 70 nm) and improve encapsulation efficiency (to 99.5%). The improved bioavailability of lutein via nanocrystals incorporated into rapidly dissolving films for oral consumption is a new area of exploratory research. This review aims to provide clarity about current research aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of lutein through the development of nanodelivery systems.

Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments.

Plant bioactive compounds are known for their extensive health benefits and therefore have been used for generations in traditional and modern medicine to improve the health of humans. Processing and storage instabilities of the plant bioactive compounds, however, limit their bioavailability and bioaccessibility and thus lead researchers in search of novel encapsulation systems with enhanced stability, bioavailability, and bioaccessibility of encapsulated plant bioactive compounds. Recently many varieties of encapsulation methods have been used; among them, microfluidization has emerged as a novel method used for the development of delivery systems including solid lipid nanocarriers, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and so on with enhanced stability and bioavailability of encapsulated plant bioactive compounds. Therefore, the nanodelivery systems developed using microfluidization techniques have received much attention from the medical industry for their ability to facilitate controlled delivery with enhanced health benefits in the treatment of various chronic diseases. Many researchers have focused on plant bioactive compound-based delivery systems using microfluidization to enhance the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of encapsulated bioactive compounds in the treatment of various chronic diseases. This review focuses on various nanodelivery systems developed using microfluidization techniques and applications in various chronic disease treatments.

Hurdles in selection process of nanodelivery systems for multidrug-resistant cancer.

Most of the nanomedicines for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer do not reach Phase III trials and many are terminated or withdrawn or are in an indeterminate state since long without any study results being presented. Extensive perusal of nanomedicine development research revealed that one of the critical aspects influencing clinical outcomes and which requires diligent scrutiny is selection process of nanodelivery system. Research papers and articles published on development of nanodelivery systems for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer were analyzed. Observations and conclusions noted by these researchers which might shed some light on poor clinical performance of nanocarriers were collated and summarized under observation section. Further research articles were studied to find possible solutions which may be applied to these particular problems for resolving them. The inferences of these findings were composed in Result section. Plausible solutions for the observed obstacles were noted as examples of novel formulations that can yield the following: better in vivo imaging, precise targeting and dosing of a specific site and specific cell type in a particular cancer, modulation of tumor surroundings, intonation of systemic effects and high reproducibility. The angle of approach to the development of best nanosystem for a specific type of tumor needs to be spun around. Some of these changes can be brought about by individual scientists, some need to be established by collated efforts of scientists globally and some await advent of better technologies. Regardless of the stratagem, it can be said decisively that the schematics of development phase need rethinking.

In vivo synergistic antitumor effect and safety of siRNA and lonidamine dual-loaded hierarchical targeted nanoparticles

Based on development of nano-delivery system, co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and small interfering RNA (siRNA) has exerted a promising advantage in cancer therapy. In this work, the superiority of synergistic therapy and safety of the hierarchical targeted co-delivery system loaded with siRNA and lonidamine (LND) were evaluated. The in vivo tumor accumulation ability and cancer growth inhibition effect of the polymer-blend nanocarriers were evaluated by a H22 subcutaneous sarcoma model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining of tumor sections from each group were compared to assess the therapeutic efficacy. The dual-loaded nanocarriers had better tumor accumulation ability, remarkably inhibited growth of solid tumor in a synergistic manner, even significantly decreased hepatotoxicity of LND, and had good in vivo biocompatibility whereas LND alone showed serious hepatotoxicity. We believed that the dual-loaded hierarchical targeted delivery system with high effectiveness and biocompatibility would provide a promising approach for cancer combination therapy.

Development of a biocompatible nanodelivery system for tuberculosis drugs based on isoniazid-Mg/Al layered double hydroxide.

The primary challenge in finding a treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is patient non-compliance to treatment due to long treatment duration, high dosing frequency, and adverse effects of anti-TB drugs. This study reports on the development of a nanodelivery system that intercalates the anti-TB drug isoniazid into Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Isoniazid was found to be released in a sustained manner from the novel nanodelivery system in humans in simulated phosphate buffer solutions at pH 4.8 and pH 7.4. The nanodelivery formulation was highly biocompatible compared to free isoniazid against human normal lung and 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The formulation was active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Thus results show significant promise for the further study of these nanocomposites for the treatment of TB.