Development Of Measurement Tools Research Articles

Development of Measurement Tool for Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)

Abstract The Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) is a value that represents the energy efficiency of a ship’s operations in relation to CO2 emissions. Improving energy efficiency is one of the important ways to achieve cleaner shipping. Statistical methods are used to predict a number of parameters that determine the value of the EEOI. The aim of this research is an EEOI measurement tool. The analysis was carried out with 100 container ships. The Ship Traffic Emission Model (STEAM) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods were used in this research. STEAM modeling is based on estimated fuel oil consumption and MLR generated from STEAM EEOI results. This modeling also considers the following parameters overall length, width, draft, depth, service speed, container capacity, average speed of last trip, average draft of last trip, installed main engine power, and travel time. Furthermore, EEOI measurement tools were created in the Android-based version which represent EEOI values based on the ship’s last trip per voyage.

Analysis of orientation errors in triaxial fluxgate sensors and research on their calibration methods

Abstract. Three-axis magnetic flux gate sensors are widely used in Chinese geomagnetic observatories, but due to their directional errors it is necessary to study error correction methods to improve measurement accuracy. Firstly, the mechanism of directional errors produced by three-axis magnetic flux gate sensors is analyzed, followed by the development of measurement tools for conducting directional error measurement experiments on the high-precision three-axis magnetic flux gate sensors of the Chinese FGM-01 series. Experimental results show that correcting the Z-axis and D-axis directional errors is essential. The observation data after error correction, whether in terms of the standard deviation of its all-day baseline values or the relative difference magnitude with the reference instrument, significantly decrease, demonstrating the clear correction effect and proving the effectiveness of this correction method.

Family resilience of cancer patients: a concept analysis

Abstract Objective The concept of family resilience of cancer patients was discussed through literature review, which provided reference for nursing of cancer patients. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched, and the concept analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant was adopted. Results In this study, we defined the concept of family resilience, identified attributes, and analyzed the antecedents and consequences. The proposed operational definition of family resilience was: After a family member is diagnosed with cancer, the whole family can actively explore its own unique internal and external resources and advantages, strengthen self-regulation, jointly cope with the crisis by establishing close family relationships, providing mutual support to family members, and interacting with the outside world. Conclusions The definition of family resilience of cancer patients is conducive to the development of measurement tools and the improvement of family outcomes of adult cancer patients by intervening family resilience factors.

A tool for assessing the sensitivity of soil-based approaches for quantifying enhanced weathering: a US case study

Enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks spread onto managed lands as agricultural amendments is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approach. However, there is an obvious need for the development of tools for Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) before EW can be brought to scale. Shifts in the concentration of mobile elements measured in the solid phase of soils after application of EW feedstocks can potentially be used to track weathering and provide an estimate of the initial carbon dioxide removal of the system. To measure feedstock dissolution accurately it is necessary to control for the amount of feedstock originally present in the sample being analyzed. This can be achieved by measuring the concentration of immobile detrital elements in soil samples after feedstock addition. However, the resolvability of a signal using a soil mass balance approach depends on analytical uncertainty, the ability to accurately sample soils, the amount of feedstock relative to the amount of initial soil in a sample, and on the fraction of feedstock that has dissolved. Here, we assess the viability of soil-based mass-balance approaches across different settings. Specifically, we define a metric for tracer-specific resolvability of feedstock mass addition (φ) and calculate the feedstock application rates (a) and dissolution fractions (b) required to resolve EW. Applying calculations of a, b, and φ to a gridded soil database from the contiguous USA in combination with known compositions of basalt and peridotite feedstocks demonstrates the importance of adequately capturing field heterogeneity in soil elemental concentrations. While EW signals should be resolvable after ~1–3 years of basalt feedstock addition at common application rates for most agricultural settings with adequate sampling protocols, resolving EW in the field is likely to be challenging if uncertainties in tracer concentrations derived from field-scale heterogeneity and analytical error exceed 10%. Building from this framework, we also present a simple tool for practitioners to use to assess the viability of carrying out soil-based EW MRV in a deployment-specific context.

Identifying key elements for evaluating organizations' complex adaptive leadership readiness (CAL-R framework): paving the way for a measurement tool development

PurposeTraditional management models are no longer viable in this complex era, with fast-pacing markets and various emergent properties affecting organizational success. The present study acknowledges the need for developing a coherent framework that leaders may use to evaluate their organizational adaptive ability.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses theoretical analysis.FindingsThis paper proposes the CAL-R framework, which identifies key characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS). These actionable elements, manifested in respective behaviors, will increase organizational adaptability. Adaptability is then suggested to be the mediating factor between complex adaptive leadership practice and organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe suggested actionable elements are developed based on a theoretical, non-measurable approach; however, the need for statistical rigorousness is also acknowledged. Further research and a quantitative approach are also suggested for the development of a sound measurement scale.Practical implicationsApplying effective complex adaptive leadership will potentially provide organizations with a competitive advantage by making them more innovative, able to transform and adapt to environmental needs and changes and eventually meet their goals and reach their vision. Leaders may use the identified actionable elements as benchmarks against which they can evaluate their organizations' complex adaptive leadership readiness (CAL-R).Originality/valueThe CAL-R framework may be used by leaders in order to evaluate their organization’s current adaptive maturity level (ability) and identify the elements they need to focus on more and develop in order to become more adaptive and competitive.

A Study on Structural Exploration and Measurement Tool Development of Core Self-Evaluation in College Students

A Study on Structural Exploration and Measurement Tool Development of Core Self-Evaluation in College Students

Quality Physical Education (QPE) Measurement Tool Development

The research on the measurement tool development for Quality Physical Education (QPE) started in 2010 with the collection of statements on QPE involving 436 professionals from 44 countries. These statements were sorted into 105 items, and a two-stage content-validity process narrowed the number down to 65 items under eight dimensions. The selection of 65 items served as the basis for developing the questionnaire survey in late 2014, with 1669 responses collected from physical education (PE) professionals across 24 countries. The data were analysed by continent, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was adopted to exclude items with low factor loadings. The Asian model comprises 48 items in eight dimensions and exhibits a good fit structure for research purposes. This pattern differs from the structure of Europe and Latin America, in which fewer dimensions were retained. The Asian model was independently accessed and matched expectations from works by UNESCO and other vital documents for QPE improvement. The discovery facilitates the establishment of a good tool for QPE study. This paper shares the different stages to inform initiatives for the quality development of PE in schools.

TOOLS FOR MEASURING PERSON-CENTERED CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS IN LONG-TERM SERVICES: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract Person-Centered Care (PCC) involves individuals in their care planning and decision-making. Measuring PCC is crucial in identifying the adequacy of PCC dimensions, which can then be used to promote quality of care and life, yet a comprehensive review of evidence on PCC measurement tools in long-term service and support settings (LTSS) is lacking. Our study aims to identify and evaluate available tools for measuring PCC for older adults in LTSS. This review followed the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) five-stage approach for scoping reviews and search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL using selected keywords. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles written in English, reporting on PCC measurement tools for older adults (≥ 65 years) living in LTSS. Tools intended for use by family members and gray literature were excluded. Articles (n=23) were chosen from 914 studies after reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts by two reviewers. They revealed 10 distinct tools for measuring PCC in LTSS, categorized as non-observational (e.g., interview, self-report) and observational (e.g., structured observation). The psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the tools were reported, and their applicability in different cultural contexts was discussed. Many tools (n=8) demonstrated good reliability and validity, and their applicability was evident in multiple countries (e.g., Spain, Japan, Sweden, China, Italy and Norway). Our study adds to the discussion on PCC measurement tool development as it identifies gaps (e.g., lack of harmony between tools) for future researchers and potential areas for development by policy makers and administrators.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the morbid curiosity scale (MCS) across the United States and China

In recent years, there has been a growing body of research focusing on morbid curiosity. However, the development of measurement tools has been slow, with only two scales available. Compared to the unidimensional scale of Curiosity About Morbid Events (CAME) proposed by Zuckerman and Little (1986), the recently developed four-factor Morbid Curiosity Scale (MCS) by Scrivner (2021) demonstrates a stable factor structure and good reliability and validity. As the time since the development of this scale is relatively short, its measurement properties have not been widely evaluated. Therefore, this study used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to validate the factor structure of the MCS in the Chinese cultural context, and the results supported the four-factor structure of the MCS. Additionally, we established partial scalar invariance of the MCS between Chinese (N = 663) and American (N = 330) cultures, and further analyzed cultural differences in morbid curiosity using latent mean comparison. The results revealed that Chinese individuals had a lower motivation for understanding the minds of dangerous people. This study validated the four-factor Morbid Curiosity Scale across different cultures for the first time, promoting the generalizability of the four-factor MCS and suggesting its potential for use in a wide range of cultural backgrounds. These findings contribute to enriching cross-cultural research on morbid curiosity and its associated psychological factors.

Pregnancy Loss from the Perspective of Muslim Turkish Women: A Qualitative Study

Pregnancy is an important period in a woman’s life and the end of this exciting journey with loss causes deep sadness and grief in the mother. Culture is an important factor affecting the individual’s reaction to loss. Many cultures are known to have certain rituals or traditions that provide support and reassurance during the grieving process. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of women who experienced pregnancy loss about their cultural beliefs and coping methods related to the mourning period. A qualitative design was used in the study with 21 women. Data were collected by conducting in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews using a pilot-tested interview guide. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: (i) cultural reaction to prenatal loss; (ii) religious and spiritual practices; and (iii) coping strategies with prenatal loss. The identification of cultural factors in the bereavement process can guide researchers in the development of measurement tools related to the bereavement process, but more research is needed to reveal women’s perspectives and more cultural practices.

Development of Measurement Tools to Assess Cumulative Life Course Impairment in Patients with Chronic Skin Diseases.

Patients with chronic skin diseases suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and social impairments. The overall burden has significant impact on patients' life, contributing to irreversible damage across many domains, known as cumulative life course impairment (CLCI). The aim of this project was to develop instruments which (a) measure persisting CLCI and (b) identify patients at risk for developing future CLCI. We identified key topics that negatively impact life course due to skin disease patient-reported open item selection. Subsequently, we conducted focus group interviews with patients and experts to conceptualize items and response scales, resulting in two preliminary measurement tools. These tools were tested in a cognitive debriefing before finalization. Consecutively, 162 patients participated in the open item selection and indicated the following topics were most relevant to their disease: disease symptoms, risk behaviour, comorbidities, psychological and emotional impairments, physical impairments, occupational impairments, treatment, sexuality, problems with family or friends, everyday life and positive event or decisions because of the disease. In the focus group interviews, patients reported stigmatization, support at disease onset, pre-existing diseases and age of onset as additional important topics. The cognitive debriefing resulted in minor changes to sentence structure. The final tools included: (1) DermCLCI-r, which assesses retrospective CLCI, and (2) DermCLCI-p, which assesses current CLCI and future risk. Each tool consisted of 30 items. The newly developed measures allow for early identification of CLCI, facilitate adequate dermatological and psychosocial interventions and may contribute to the prevention of CLCI. Further validation studies will be performed.

REBT 측정 도구에 대한 개관

The purpose of this study is to review the scales for measuring rational beliefs and irrational beliefs based on Ellis' REBT theory, and to discuss the characteristics of each scale. To this end, tools from BITI, GABS, ABS-2 IPBI and IBT are outlined. The results of the study are as follows. First, many tools for measuring beliefs based on the REBT theory are tools for measuring only irrational beliefs. Second, a standardized tool that measures both rational and irrational beliefs based on the REBT theory and can be applied domestically is needed. This study is considered to be meaningful in contributing to the development of future research and the use of appropriate tools used in cognitive behavioral therapy and the development of measurement tools that can be applied in domestic cognitive behavioral therapy clinical practice. Therefore, while looking at Ellis' rational and irrational beliefs in an integrated way in the educational and clinical settings through standardized measurement tools, follow-up studies on measurement tools that can be appropriately utilized according to the domestic culture and situation are expected to continue.

다문화 초등학생의 진로장벽 척도 개발 및 타당화

The purposes of this study were to develop and validate the Career Barriers Scale (CBS). Based on the review of previous studies, the concept of the career barriers was operationally defined to the experiences in the external, and items suitable for multicultural elementary school students were extracted. In addition, preliminary items were developed through content validity verification among experts in career education, multicultural education, and measurement tool development and research. The preliminary scale was administered to a sample of 10 multicultural elementary school students and item-score correlation and factor extraction were implemented. The revised scale consisting of 34 items was administered to a sample of another 200 multicultural elementary school students. And then, the CBS was finally developed, which consists of 4 factors and 28 items, including such factors as negative feedback from significant others, lack of career support, economic and cultural restrictions, discrimination (gender/race/culture). The CFA were performed in order to assess the construct validity. The 4 factor model was proved good fit to the data and all items had a significant effect to each construct from which it can be concluded that convergent validity is supported for all of the items. The construct reliability index and average variance extracted index indicated good reliability of this scale. Based on the results, some recommendations for further study and practices were suggested.

An observational look at classroom practices in the Turkish language teaching process

The aim of this study is to determine the practices of middle school 8th grade Turkish teachers towards comprehension (reading) teaching in the process of learning-teaching Turkish lessons and how long they allocate for these practices. The model of the research is the case study model, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The participants of the study consist of five Turkish teachers who gave eighth grade Turkish lessons in the 2019-2020 academic year and participated in the study voluntarily. In the study, an "Observation Form" developed by the researcher was used as the data collection tools. Literature review was used in the development of measurement tools, expert opinion was obtained, and the level of harmony between coders was examined. Descriptive statistical techniques (frequency, percentage, average, etc.) were used to analyze the data. In the study, each of the teachers wrote five to the poem text "Kaldırımlar" (Sidewalks) in the theme "Individual and Society", the informative text "Gündelik Hayatımızda E-Hastalıklar" (E-Diseases in Our Daily Life) in the "Science and Technology" theme and the narrative text "Göç Destanı" (Epic of Migration) under the theme "Our National Culture" lesson time (600 minutes) had been allocated. Accordingly, 75 lesson hours (3000 minutes) of five Turkish teachers were observed in total. As a result, it was seen that 8th grade Turkish lesson teachers, whose teaching process was observed in our study, used only the texts and activities related to the texts while applying comprehension (reading) strategies in the Turkish lesson learning-teaching process.

Examination of Motivation Scales: Is the Purpose Academic Promotion or the Need to Measure Psychological Constructs?

The importance of measurement tools in education and psychology is indisputable. It is necessary to measure the affective characteristics of individuals in a valid and reliable manner. Numerous measurement tools have been developed to measure many psychological variables concerning humans. The aim of this research is to examine scale development studies in a technical sense and to determine the usage frequency of the reviewed studies. In line with the determined purpose, 43 motivation scales developed to measure motivation in various fields from the Turkey Index of Measurement Tools database were examined. In this study, which was designed as document analysis, one of the qualitative research designs, the data were examined through the forms developed by the researchers. According to the results, it was determined that there were serious technical errors in the development of measurement tools. It was determined that these errors are mainly in the concepts of test tryout and pilot application, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, which seriously affect the psychometric properties of the scales. In addition, when the usage frequencies of the scales were examined, more than half of the scales remained as just development work. Only 19 of the tools examined for motivation were used in other research studies. It is recommended that researchers work in accordance with the standard test development steps in developing scales. Before starting to develop a scale, it is recommended that researchers determine if the scale is really needed with a rigorous literature review.

Strategies Used by Turkish Teachers in Teaching Comprehension (Reading) in Turkish Lesson Teaching Process

The aim of this research is to determine the strategies used by the 8th grade Turkish teachers in the teaching-learning process of the Turkish lesson for teaching comprehension (reading). The model of the research is the case study model, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The participants of the research are five Turkish teachers who gave eighth grade Turkish lessons in the 2019-2020 academic year and participated in the study voluntarily. "Observation form" and "Semi-structured interview form" developed by the researcher were used as data collection tools in the research. In the development of measurement tools, literature review was used, expert opinion was taken and the level of agreement between coders was checked. Descriptive statistical techniques (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, it has been determined that the most used strategy by the teachers participating in the study for teaching comprehension in the Turkish lesson learning-teaching process is the question-answer strategy.

Exploring chronic airways disease patients’ perspectives on self-management topics

ObjectivesIn this study, we explored chronic airways disease (CAD) patients' responses to health literacy (HL) communication domain questions within disease self-management scenarios, as part of a larger CAD HL measurement tool development study. MethodsAdult asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients from specialty care respiratory clinics were initially presented with realistic disease management scenarios and asked to share information they would communicate. Participants’ responses were grouped into response categories that were reviewed and verified by key informants. A new cohort of CAD patients then responded to the same scenarios and had their answers placed into the developed response categories by trained interviewers. Results19 initial stage participants' responses informed response categories for the following self-management topics: Inhaler Use (n = 20); Prednisone Use (n = 30); Flu (Influenza) (n = 35); and Weather Forecasting & Air Quality Index (n = 29). 141 participants’ responses were categorised during the second stage. ConclusionsSpecialty care CAD patients displayed an understanding of key information to communicate across disease self-management topic. Our two-step, patient-driven approach may interest researchers investigating health-related communication from patients' perspectives. Practice implicationsFindings may illuminate potential areas to investigate communication gaps among CAD patients; further investigation is warranted among non-specialty care patients.

초·중·고 학교 소비자교육 내용체계안 개발 및 활용 방안 연구1)

This study aims to prepare a content framework to implement consumer education in elementary, middle and high school education in response to the policy demands of revitalization and systematization of school consumer education. To this end, first, we examined changes in the consumption environment and education environment related to school consumer education, and analyzed the current state of consumer education in Korea focusing on the cross-curricular learning themes of the curriculum. Additionally, we examined research trends related to the content framework of school consumer education, and derived implications for preparing the content framework for school consumer education. Afterwards, we conducted Delphi surveys twice with 20 experts, and analyzed results focusing on content validity ratio and degree of agreement. Based on the results of the Delphi survey, the goals and content framework of school consumer education were derived. The overall goal of consumer education was prepared so that the identity of consumer education could be revealed while meeting the goals of school education. The content framework for school consumer education was drawn into four major areas with connectivity and hierarchy and it was as follows: ‘Ⅰ. Changes in Market Environment and Consumption Culture’, ‘II. Rational Purchasing Decision Making and Financial Management’, ‘Ⅲ. Types and Solutions of Consumer Problems’, ‘IV. Consumer Rights and Consumer Citizenship’. Finally, we implemented plan of the school consumer education content framework in five aspects: ⑴ subject education, ⑵ creative experience activities and cross-curricular learning, ⑶ free-semester program (free school year program) and career education, ⑷ extracurricular consumer education program, and ⑸ consumer competency measurement tool development.

Motivation as a Predictor of Aphasia Treatment Outcomes: A Scoping Review.

Motivation is a complex phenomenon that can influence a person's ability to make progress in treatment. We sought to understand how motivation is currently measured and utilized in aphasia rehabilitation by identifying treatment studies that (1) include measurement of motivation and (2) use motivation to predict treatment response. A scoping review was conducted by systematically searching PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO, Ovid MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo using the following search terms: (measurement OR treatment OR rehabilitation OR predict*) AND (motiv* OR engagement OR adherence OR compliance) AND (aphasia OR dysphasia). Two studies met our inclusion criteria. Motivation was measured differently across studies. No studies used motivation to predict treatment outcomes. Despite the importance of motivation in aphasia rehabilitation success, studies that include its measurement are sparse. Additional research is needed and should include development of measurement tools and evaluation of the predictive value of motivation on treatment outcomes.

Comparing symptom measurement tools in pediatric narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a rare disabling neurological disease, affecting children and adults. The most recent development of measurement tools for narcolepsy were developed for adults; only a few tools are available for children without comparison on their validity. This research aims at comparing the validity of existing measurement tools in paediatric narcolepsy. From an ongoing randomized controlled trial, we extracted the data blind to the treatment of the 93 first terminating patients on which we compared the Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), the Ullanlina Narcolepsy scale (UNS), the Child and Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASS), the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), and the cataplexy episodes count (CEC).The comparison was carried out on reliability, internal consistency, sensitivity to change, minimum important difference, construct validity and concurrent validity.We provide evidence that the Ullanlina UNS score, currently used for screening purposes, constitutes a reliable and sensitive overall symptom measurement tool. Its subscore (UNS-CTP) based on the first four items permits a sensitive measurement of cataplexy, whereas the UNS-EDS subscore was found inferior to the PDSS scale. Compared with the objective measurement of symptoms (MWT, CEC), these scales better correlated with the clinical global impression of change in time, they are characterized by higher sensitivity, and they are much easier to use.