Development Of Marxism Research Articles

The International Popularization of Chinese Marxism and Development of Marxism in the 21st Century

The International Popularization of Chinese Marxism and Development of Marxism in the 21st Century

HO CHI MINH CITY ABOUT SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUTAINOUS AREAS

The Communist Party of Vietnam upholds Ho Chi Minh's thought as completely correct in socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas. That is consistent with President Ho Chi Minh's great contributions and pure moral example. That work is also consistent with the development of Marxism - Leninism. Therefore, Ho Chi Minh's thought is not only the ideological foundation and guideline for the actions of our Party and the Vietnamese revolution, but also becoming a sustainable value that has been and will be spread more and more widely, deeply in the world. Keywords: Ho Chi Minh’s thought; Socio-economic development; Ethnic minorities and mountainous areas.

Study on the Causes and Influence of New Marxism in Eastern Europe from a Humanitarian Perspective

New Marxism in Eastern Europe, as an important part of the development of Marxism, has rich theoretical connotation, and its emergence also has a unique social and cultural background. This paper mainly analyzes the causes of the emergence of neo-Marxism in Eastern Europe from the humanitarian perspective. The formation and development of new Marxism in Eastern Europe is rooted in the theoretical cornerstone of Marxism at the level of ideological origin, and its ideological and theoretical basis is the reinterpretation of the humanitarian concept in traditional Marxism. It also accepted the influence of contemporary Western European modern ideological trend and Western European neo-Marxism, which promoted the deep humanitarian thinking in Eastern European neo-Marxism. At the same time, the special meaning of the new Marxism in Eastern Europe lies in that it was formed in socialism, and it was a new Marxism that introspected and criticized the socialist construction mode at that time. It is also a neo-Marxism that absorbs the national spirits of different countries in Eastern Europe and is highly localized, showing different specific contents in different countries. Neo-Marxism in Eastern Europe is a philosophical system produced under the unique social background, in which the humanitarianism thought has promoted the development of Marxist thought, and made Marxism integrate with modern society. The criticism of the Soviet model also impacted the rigid system at that time, and after it was introduced into China, it also played a positive role in emancipating the mind of our ideological and literary circles in the new period.

The Great Contribution of the CPC to the World Socialist Movement over the Past Hundred Years

ABSTRACT Since its founding, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has placed striving for socialism and communism at the core of its program. The CPC is a firm believer in and practitioner of Marxism and scientific socialism, an active promoter of the world socialist movement and the international communist movement, and also a leader of and major contributor to the innovative development of Marxism and world socialism in the twenty-first century. Employing historical analysis, this article analyzes the different stages of the party’s 100-year history, and demonstrates that the Chinese revolution led by the party has been a key element in the progress of the international communist movement. The party has created, upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, promoting reform and opening-up and pursuing the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this way, the party has played a major role in promoting the development of world socialism, accumulating important experience for socialists internationally. As humanity enters a new era in the twenty-first century, socialism with Chinese characteristics represents a major contribution made by the CPC to the world socialist movement.

Cross-Cultural Encounters: A Feminist Perspective on the Contemporary Reception of Jane Austen in China

This article examines the changing nature of Austen's reception in China since the 1950s, in particular the growth of feminist critical approaches to her work among contemporary Chinese scholars. Among Austen's works, Pride and Prejudice has remained at the centre of scholarly and popular attention and has had a major impact on Chinese readers’ view of Austen as a feminist writer. Anglo-American scholarship commonly considers Austen's feminism in relation with her contemporary Mary Wollstonecraft's feminist thought. Unfamiliar with Wollstonecraft, Chinese scholars and general readers tend to read Austen rather differently, and their exploration of her engagement with ‘the woman question’ is instead closely connected with the development of Marxism and gender studies in contemporary China.

Man and Nature: A New Perspective on the Community of Destiny for All Mankind

In the report of the 19th National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a top-level design for a new era of great power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. With outstanding political vision, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the important idea of building a community of destiny for all mankind. This is an important part of the thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, and it is also a continuation and development of Marxism. The idea of community of destiny for all mankind put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping is rooted in the times and responds positively to the development of the times, giving Chinese ideas and Chinese solutions to deal with complicated international issues, which is of great contemporary significance. The idea of a community of destiny for all mankind has also received a positive response from the international community. Since then, the idea of building a community of destiny for all mankind has been written into UN resolutions and Security Council resolutions. More and more countries have responded positively to China's call and entered a new stage of state-to-state cooperation.

Research on the Value of the Basic Principles of Marxism Based on Constructivism in the New Period

Marxism is the product of the times, which originates from profound economic and social roots, ideological sources and practical basis. The practical, revolutionary, scientific and open features of Marxism determine its timeless value. Today’s adherence to and development of Marxism in China are the mission of the Party, the needs of the country’s development and the expectations of the people’s life. Based on constructivism, this paper analyzes the connotation of the basic principles of Marxism, fully understands its development significance, and analyzes the value of Marxism in the new era from several aspects.

‘Look at our Colonial Struggles’: Ernest Jones and the Anti-Colonialist Challenge to Marx’s Conception of History

This article seeks to restore the influential role of the Chartist activist, writer and poet, Ernest Jones (1819–1869), on Marx’s shift toward a multilinear conception of history in the early 1850s. Living in exile in London, Marx developed a close and long-lasting friendship and intellectual partnership with Jones, and actively contributed to his Chartist weeklies, Notes to the People (1851–1852) and the People’s Paper (1852–1858), during which he was directly exposed to, and thus influenced by, Jones’ anti-colonialist outlook. Based on circumstantial and cross-textual evidence, this article shows that starting in 1853 Marx appears to have drawn insights from Jones’ writings as he was changing his views on the progressiveness of Western colonialism, particularly the British kind in India. Seemingly imbued with the radical intellectual environment in which he gravitated in London, Marx followed his Chartist comrade and converged increasingly toward a similar anti-colonialist position, thus breaking with the Eurocentric, unilinear framework of historical development that characterized The Communist Manifesto (1848). Recovering the impact that Jones had on Marx’s intellectual trajectory in the 1850s brings to the fore the contribution of English radical politics in the early development of Marxism, especially as regard to the nexus between anti-colonialism and world revolution.

Marxist theory and the October Revolution

The theoretical basis of the October Revolution lay, not surprisingly, in a development of Marxism, but this development occurred through three successive rounds of theoretical debate, each stimulated by the specific Russian reality but each having a relevance far wider than the Russian context itself, and a relevance that abides to this day. While these three rounds of debate appear to be on three very different themes, each of them is concerned with the same question, namely, must a transition to socialism in any society await the ‘completion’ in some sense of the development of capitalism in that society? And if so, then what does the term ‘completion’ mean in this context? This essay seeks to provide answers to the question of what sort of revolutionary strategy is necessary to achieve the transition to socialism by considering the debates that took place at the time of the October revolution.

The Anthropology of Dario Fo: an Interdisciplinary Approach

Anthropological issues concerning socio-cultural evolution were important in the development of Marxism and led to the theories of cultural materialism. Besides Marx and Engels, anthropology was an important subject for other seminal Marxist theorists, such as Plekhanov. For the Marxist playwright-performer Dario Fo, Gramsci’s theories of hegemony are fundamental to his ideas of the development of art from utilitarian activities, and explain his insistence on drawing from folk and popular forms of performance. In this article Antonio Scuderi investigates some of the major anthropological and folkloric themes in Fo’s theatre, including the influence of anthropologists such as Toschi and Lévi-Strauss. Antonio Scuderi is Professor of Italian at Truman State University in Missouri, where he founded the Italian programme. His interdisciplinary articles on Italian performance traditions have been published in leading journals of theatre, folklore, and literary studies, including Theatre Journal, Oral Tradition, and Modern Language Review. He is the author of Dario Fo and Popular Performance (Legas, 1998), Dario Fo: Framing, Festival, and the Folkloric Imagination (Lexington Books, 2011), and co-editor of Dario Fo: Stage, Text, and Tradition (Southern Illinois, 2000).

Socialism and the World Today: Review of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Forum—Second Sub-forum on International Marxism

The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) held its Second Sub-forum on International Marxism in Beijing on November 16–17, 2013, with left-wing scholars in the areas of economics, philosophy, political science and international relations in attendance. The theme for the forum was “Socialism and the World Today,” and in this relation participants discussed the development of Marxism and socialism in the twenty-first century. The gathering was an impressive success, and this review takes up the following aspects of the research presented during the proceedings. In first place is the need to meet the challenges of the time, promoting continual innovation and development in the areas of Marxist theory and world socialism. A second aspect is the need for theoretical research into, and thorough understanding of, the capitalist economic crisis. A third aspect is represented by criticism and analysis of contemporary capitalist society, and a fourth by theory and discussion on socialism and on socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Historical Materialism and the Writing of Canadian History: A Dialectical View

Surveying the historical writing in Canada that has adopted the approach of historical materialism, this paper presents a new perspective on Marxist theory and its relevance to the study of the past. It both links Canadian historical materialist texts to a series of important international debates and suggests the significance of dialectics in the development of Marxism's approach to the past.

Marxism after Communism: beyond Realism and Historicism

Marx always predicted that the development of capitalism as a social system would be punctuated by major crises, which would become progressively deeper and broader until the system itself was swept away. What he could not have foreseen was that the development of Marxism as a theory would also be marked by crises, both of belief and of method, which have periodically threatened its survival. In this respect at least Marxism has achieved a unity of theory and practice. No crisis has been so profound for Marxism, however, as the crisis brought about by the collapse of Communism in Europe after 1989. With the disappearance after seventy years of the Soviet Union, the first workers' state and the first state to proclaim Marxism as its official ideology, Marxism as a critical theory of society suddenly seemed rudderless, no longer relevant to understanding the present or providing a guide as to how society might be changed for the better. Marx at last was to be returned to the nineteenth century where many suspected he had always belonged.

Marxism and Revolution: Karl Kautsky and the Russian Marxists, 1900-1924

This book offers a new interpretation of the origins of Russian Marxism, placing it firmly within the folds of the western European socialist movement. Moira Donald argues that the chief theoretician of German Marxism, Karl Kautsky, was a primary influence on Lenin and the Russian Social Democratic Party, and that only the revolution of 1917 severed the Bolsheviks from mainstream orthodox Marxism. Donald contends that Lenin's thought was neither original nor especially significant in the development of Marxism, but that his ability lay in adapting his ideas to fit his revolutionary strategy. She places Lenin's writings in their historical context, showing that they were written as individual pieces, each with a specific aim and often directed within the Party. Lenin was a tactician rather than a thinker, says Donald, and even those areas of his thought that seem most original - the party, the role of the intelligentsia, and imperialism - reveal his significant debt to Kautsky. According to Donald, Lenin was not the only Russian Marxist to borrow ideas from Kautsky: Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution, which was to prove crucial when it was taken up by the Bolsheviks in 1917, was also influenced by Kautsky's thought. Kautsky's relationship with the Russian Social Democratic Party has been widely underestimated because of the later split between them. Using a wide range of published and unpublished sources, Donald reveals how important Kautsky's role was in formulating the ideology of the Bolsheviks - the only effective revolutionary party in the socialist movement. Moira Donald was lecturer in history in the Department of History and Archaeology at Exeter University.

Li Da and Marxist Philosophy in China.

Scholars of Marxism will be in Nick Knight's debt for this pioneering study of one of the most important figures in the development of Marxism in China. Knight makes an important case about the relationship of Chinese Marxist thought to Marxist thought in general (with particular attention to Soviet Marxism). The book makes available to readers not just important texts of Chinese Marxism, but a whole series of texts of Marxism that were crucial to the political discourse of the thirties. Knight displays impressive erudition and command of these texts. In spite of the strong case he makes for his thesis, he retains throughout an admirable critical self-awareness that enhances the plausibility of his argument. —Arif DirlikDuke University

The Theory of "Continued Revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat" Should Be Denied!

The article "Advance Along the Road Pioneered by the Socialist October Revolution-In Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Great Socialist October Revolution," published jointly by the Editorial Departments of Renmin ribao, Jiefang-jun bao, and Hongqi on November 6, 1967,1 summed up six points under the "theory of continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat." This article had been read and approved by Comrade Mao Zedong. Another article by Hongqi and Renmin ribao published on May 18, 1967, entitled "A Great Historical Document,"2 was also revised and approved by Comrade Mao Zedong. In this article Mao Zedong Thought was called "the third stage of the development of Marxism," the main indicator for this being the theory on the "Cultural Revolution" contained in the May 16th Circular3 and other documents. By examining this theory, therefore, we can trace the causal factor for Comrade Mao Zedong's mistake of initiating the "Cultural Revolution" and appraise it objectively.

Western Marxism and Folklore: A Critical Introduction

MARXIST SOCIAL THEORY is enjoying an unparalleled influence in the contemporary intellectual life of the West, and its presence in the United States is no exception (Aronowitz 1981:ix). Well developed Marxist perspectives are increasingly evident in the social sciences, historiography, and literary criticism; so it is, perhaps, something of a surprise to discover the relative absence of a parallel discussion in folkloristics. The reasons for this absence and the possibilities for such a Marxist discourse particularly among English-speaking folklorists remain largely unexplored, although Fox has taken an initial step (1980). The present remarks are intended as another but more substantial initiative toward a continuing discussion. A full analysis of Marxist thought and folklore would require a discussion of several key topics: the status of folklore in the writings of Marx and Engels, the development of a Soviet folkloristics, the fate of Marxism in Western folkloristics, and conversely, the place of folklore in the development of Marxism outside the Soviet bloc and among Soviet dissidents. Previous discussions of these subjects have varied in quality and have lent an almost exclusive emphasis to Soviet practice or its rejection in the West (Dorson 1972; Fox 1980; Oinas 1973; Oinas and Soudakoff 1975; Sokolov 1950; Williams 1975; Zemljanova 1963). In a larger study in progress I discuss all of these areas and elaborate my theoretical views on the subject. In this instance, however, I wish to explore the most ignored of these topics-the place of folklore in the development of non-Soviet Marxism, specifically among selected and representative nonfolklorists whom I will generally refer to as Western Marxists. While folklorists have had little to say about Marxism and folklore, this Western Marxist tradition has demonstrated a high degree of interest in this relationship. Their commentary merits discussion both as an important chapter in a developing history of folkloristics (Ben-Amos 1973) and as a necessary background for future theorizing in this area. My chief contention is that the treatment of folklore by Western Marxists has a limited character. They intuitively view folklore as collective behaviors whose fundamental character is in some way inherently opposed to the dominant social order of state capitalism, an unclear formulation at best. Further,

Karl Kautsky and the Twilight of Orthodoxy

OR OVER A quarter of a century, Karl Kautsky was viewed as the predominant theoretician of social democracy and the authentic interpretor of the Marxist legacy. He was a friend of Marx and Engels, a prolific scholar,' the founder and editor of Die Neue Zeit, which was destined to become the major Marxist publication under his reign, as well as co-author with Eduard Bernstein of the Erfurt Programm, which would serve as the guiding document of German social democracy and the inspiration for other European socialist parties. But today he is almost forgotten and, when not, his name is generally greeted with contempt on the left.2 Usually, Kautsky is simply seen as the defender of Marxist orthodoxy against the revisionist onslaught. Actually, however, Kautsky's Marxism was never dialectical, always mechanistic, and-in concrete political terms-the formal victory that he won over his reformist opponents proved illusory. But Kautsky's fame and his influence on supporters as well as future opponents cannot be dismissed. Given the development of Marxism in its dominant manifestations, it is necesary to understand how Kautsky's thought reflects the values and presuppositions of social democracy in its most vibrant period. In Kautsky's view, Marxism was a single unified schema that encompassed and explained the totality of human existence. Throughout his life's work, Kautsky refused to accept any fundamental distinction between the natural and the social world. Following the Engels of the Anti-Duhring and The Dialectics of Nature, Kautsky

Ernest Belfort Bax: 1854-1926 The Encounter of Marxism and Late Victorian Culture

The career of Ernest Belfort Bax provides a special perspective on the early development of British Socialism when, as someone observed, “generals without soldiers” were using Marxist ideas to scout a new path into the future. For Bax, as the only philosophical thinker among the early British Marxists, set out to develop the broader meaning of the new theory for his countrymen. This article will examine Bax's interpretation of Marxism with particular attention to his view of history, his approach to ethics, and his metaphysical position. It will also consider Bax's role in the movement and his relations with the three central figures in the early development of British Marxism — Henry Mayers Hyndman, William Morris and Friedrich Engels. Finally the article will attempt to explain the reasons for Bax's departure from a strict Marxism and suggest its implications for the development of Marxism and for late Victorian societyBax, like so many of those figures who assumed the leading roles in the early development of European Socialism, grew up in a prosperous middle class family. His social background combined the economic affluence and evangelical piety which gave such a distinctive stamp to mid-Victorian life. For the young Bax, as for numerous other spirited sons of the English bourgeoisie, family wealth provided access to a wider world of culture and ideas. He soon discarded the simple piety and religious dogmatism of his upbringing. Indeed, he developed a deep hatred of middle class beliefs and conventions.

Succession and Development of Marxism

Succession and Development of Marxism