Development Of Maritime Industry Research Articles

Importance of Digitalization for Sustainable Development of Maritime Industry

Maritime transport is the driving force of global trade and is one of the fundamental activities of the blue economy. In the face of changes in globalization, it must face technological change. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the global commercial shipping fleet grew by 3 percent, in 2020 to 99,800 vessels of 100 gross tons or more.
 One of the key drivers of technological change in the maritime industry is digitalization. The digitalization of shipping is a step toward making it more environmentally friendly and efficient. This will lead to significant cost savings and improve vessel efficiency, transparency and market access. For the future development of the maritime industry, digitalization combined with environmental sustainability is essential. Experts agree that the COVID -19 pandemic has created certain challenges but also opportunities by creating a great imbalance in the industry and accelerating the progress of digitalization and innovation. The fourth industrial revolution is expected to have a significant impact on maritime transport.
 The IMO Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic and the WTO Agreement on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic have created common standards and regulations that have paved the way for digitalization. Despite the technological advancements in the maritime industry, there is still much room for further research in developing countries.
 Digitalization in the maritime sector should be promoted as part of global efforts to increase supply chain resilience. It is the pathway to greener and smarter shipping, and this paper aims to provide an insight into the digitalization of shipping and highlight its importance for the future, as well as demonstrate that it contributes to achieving the sustainable development goals. The level of digitalization in seaports and maritime transport will also be analyzed. The adoption of digitalization in the maritime industry is essential and will lead to greener maritime transport, a robust economy and increased safety.
 The paper includes primary research on the example of shipowners in the coastal liner passenger transport of the Republic of Croatia, and a questionnaire consisting of 19 questions was used to conduct the research.

ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF THE MARITIME INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

The maritime sector is strategic and extremely important for the national economy. Ukraine has favorable conditions for the development of the maritime industry and a strong potential for the use of seaports. The industry is characterized by a high level of investment attractiveness, significant capacity for handling and transportation of goods, good opportunities to ensure the transit of goods flows and the development of the infrastructure of the coastal areas. All these opportunities have been lost during the last period due to the action of numerous crisis factors, the predominant of which were the factors of the external environment. The study of the set of factors that form threats to the stable development of the maritime industry of Ukraine is carried out in this article. The search for tools capable of leveling the effects of crisis phenomena was conducted here. The key indicators of the current state of development of the maritime industry in Ukraine have been analyzed. The main trends of changes in these indicators have been identified. The main problematic aspects of the development of the domestic maritime industry and seaports in the context of modern realities are systematized. The content of crisis and anti-crisis management, existing methodical paradigms of study and use in practice of anti-crisis management are studied. Based on the systematization of scientific sources, the main categories of crises in the maritime industry were identified. The characteristic features of the main model of seaport management in world practice are analyzed. The study of the methodical toolkit of anti-crisis management made it possible to substantiate the set of appropriate anti-crisis management tools. By their specificity, they can be used in the practice of managing the maritime industry and seaports. Among the most promising tools the following were proposed: use of innovations; creation of an information and analytical system of business diagnostics and risk management in the management system of maritime companies; anti-crisis corporate communications; activation of international cooperation and strengthening of integration ties; creation and use of modern seaport management models; digitization. Keywords: maritime industry, seaports, management, crisis, tools, risks, threats.

Management of the development of the marine industry elements in the context of global trends

The article presents the results of the study of the system elements of the maritime industry in Ukraine. The current state of development of maritime trade, as a key element of the domestic maritime complex, is studied. The indicators of maritime transport in Ukraine, the dynamics and structure of cargo flows, modern conditions of the development of the domestic maritime industry are analyzed. The assessment of the economic potential of seaports, the state of business activity of the largest stevedoring companies of Ukraine was carried out. Studies have shown that the volume of sea cargo flows is significantly inferior to road and rail transport in terms of scale. The volume of investments directed into the industry remains insignificant. The main trends in the development of the world maritime industry were studied, the key directions of the development of maritime trade of the EU countries for the near future were determined, the system of priorities and key requirements for the functioning of the maritime economy of European countries was studied, taking into account global competitive challenges. Among the main ones today are the following: priorities and goals of sustainable development: elimination of the gap in regional access to transport system networks, preservation of biodiversity of marine resources, prevention of climate change, digitization of maritime industry management, maximum effective use of the capacities of seaport-hubs. The prospective directions of the further development of the maritime industry in Ukraine in the context of the main trends taking place in the world system of maritime economic zones are substantiated. Studies have shown that the realization of the potential of the maritime industry in Ukraine is possible due to more active integration into the European maritime space and taking into account the strategic priorities of the further development of the EU countries. It was determined that the further management of the maritime industry in Ukraine should take into account national interests and global world trends, among the latter the key ones are: the use of nanotechnology, shipbuilding with LNG and hydrogen fuel cell engines, technologies for the use of Internet of Things, artificial intelligence in the management of port hubs, use of unmanned cargo vessels, digitalization of the maritime administration system. Keywords: maritime complex, maritime industry, maritime transport, management, development, stevedoring companies, sea ports.

Socio-economic impacts of a maritime industrial development area (MIDA) model in Latin America: the case of the Açu Port-Industrial Complex

Maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) have been designed as important models to promote regional industrialization and accelerate its economic growth. The Port-Industrial Complex (PIC) of Açu is considered the most audacious and great initiative in South America. Its chosen location was a rural and barely populated municipality in the Southeastern Brazil, where farming population was subjected to land expropriation for the creation of an industrial district. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate direct impacts of PIC installation and operation on the life quality of human population. For that, demographic (population size, live births) and economic indicators (royalties, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita) were compiled between 2000 and 2020 and statistically analyzed for temporal changes. Significant positive trends were found for all the five socioeconomic indicators, but annual variations were overall more pronounced for economic than demographic indicators. Installation and operation of Açu PIC brought undeniable local positive impacts and caused significant increases in population size, royalties, and gross domestic products. However, the rates of changes varied in scale and time for each indicator, reflecting additive interferences of local, regional, and even global events and governmental policies over the socioeconomic status of the human population affected by MIDA project.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13437-021-00261-z.

9 - Maritime Policy and Economic Development: A Comparison of Nigerian and Japanese Experiences since the Second World War

It is now generally recognized that the maritime sector could, if properly harnessed, play a critical role in the development of regional, national and global economies. This is in view of the growth-pole potentials of ports and ancillary industries. Although a comparison of Japan, a leading global power, and Nigeria, a vastly underachieving African country, might sound far-fetched, the effort is rewarding, as shown in this article, for its implications for public policy formulation and implementation. This paper attempts a comparison of the evolution and implementation of policies relating to the development of ports, the mercantile marine and port industries in both countries. Focusing on the roles of the government and the private sector, it locates the discussion in a wider, global comparative context. The prospects and challenges of regional development through the agency of the maritime sector in both Nigeria and Japan are considered in the light of such concepts as 'maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs)' and 'developer ports'. Pertinent lessons in comparative history and public policy analysis are highlighted in the paper, which has benefited from primary research in both countries.

Впровадження інтелектуальних логістичних технологій в інфраструктурний комплекс морського транспорту

The paper investigates trends in the development of intelligent logistics technologies in the infrastructure complex of maritime transport. The features of the development of the maritime industry in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the inclusion of world port operators in the processes of Industry 4.0 are analyzed. In particular, the current macroeconomic trends and prospects for the development of sea transport in Ukraine have been identified. The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, statistical methods, as well as observation, comparative method, description, measurement. The use of scientific research methods made it possible to identify the challenges facing the domestic transport system in the context of the development of global digital logistics. The results of the study indicate that external priorities for the development of maritime transport and the direction of digitalization can increase transport efficiency and improve customer service. It has been proven that these areas of intellectualization of ports provide for the combination of a wide range of advanced technologies: artificial intelligence, cloud computing services, block chain technology. Sharing the latest tools allows transport participants (operators, ports, ship owners, customers) to optimize logistics operations and manage in real time. The analysis made it possible to identify the reasons for the underutilization of the Ukrainian ports and assess the factors hindering the development of the Ukrainian maritime industry. Financial and economic, legal, organizational, and technical problems are identified among the main problems. At the same time, the adopted rules for servicing clients within the ports and the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the unification of documents and information exchange procedures have a significant impact. Most ports are not ready to operate in the new competitive environment. In general, it is recommended to make management decisions on the implementation of intelligent information and telecommunication systems in the maritime industry of Ukraine. It is recommended to intensify the involvement of port infrastructure in logistics processes, taking into account digitalization trends: to introduce systems of automated control centers, subsystems for intelligent analysis, display of data and information, networks of port sensors and actuators, wireless access networks with infrastructure elements of the backbone intelligent multimodal transport system. The implementation of the proposed measures becomes possible in the context of the integrated implementation of information technologies based on joint teamwork to create an electronic model at the level of the USPA and other transport operators.

Конвенція МОП 2006 року про працю в морському судноплавстві: шлях до ратифікації

The article is focused on the dynamics of national procedures for accession to the International Labour Organization (ILO) 2006 Maritime Labour Convention. It is noted that modern legal regulations for maritime labour possess a considerable level of unification, universalization and standardization, which has been achieved through the efforts of leading international organizations – the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the ILO, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Achieving the highest level of support and ensuring the best possible protection during stable work and in crisis situations are main principles for development the international maritime framework standards in the field. Besides the Convention sets up demands for state authorities to respond in a timely manner to changing international standards, to monitor them and to properly implement them into national law and relevant enforcement practices. The ratification by Ukraine of the Maritime Labour Convention will promote the implementation and enforcement the mechanisms of protection Ukrainian seafarers’ labour rights, the provision of decent working conditions, and the compliance of national legislation with current international standards. Accession to this Convention is a long-awaited step both for Ukrainian seafarers and for marine business. Different steps taken by Ukrainian authorities seeking the ratification of Maritime Labour Convention show the leak of systematic approach. The proper objective was included into few governmental programs both for development of maritime industry and for European integration but the terms for ratification have been delayed for several times. The main obstacles for Ukraine’s ratification the Convention are identified. Besides the article describes the author own efforts, as a member of Parliament, to promote the ratification process through communications with respective state authorities, as well as authorities’ reactions and responses.

Industrial- or Residential-Dominant Development? A Comparative Analysis of Maritime Industrial Development Areas of Liaoning, China

This paper adopts a case-comparison method to study the spatial layout features of maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) in Liaoning, China, in reference to similar projects in other Asian countries including Japan, South Korea and Singapore. Our study focuses on industry-city spatial relationship, land position and proportion, coastline utilization intensity and industrial land organization. We show that supplementary residential and recreational land has primarily occupied the high-quality coastlines, and resulted in limited industrial access to marine resources. Our theoretical and empirical analyses connect this feature to local government finances, purchase restriction policy and an investment-driven surge in demand for coastal residential housing. Many areas now exhibit low utilization of industrial land accompanied by the emergence of “ghost cities” phenomenon, which are critical factors that the policymakers should consider in the future planning of coastal development. Interviews with local developers, housing authority personnel, relocated employees and residents confirm our findings. We conclude with policy recommendations for promoting long-term sustainable development in the coastal area.

Future Skills Requirements Analysis in Maritime Industry

The latest technological developments in maritime industry with the effects of fourth industrial revolution, industry 4.0, will require a change in the skill needs of the workforce from on-board operational based skills. It turns into an essential issue to identify the skills requirements with the incorporation of new technologies in maritime industry from the perspectives of industrial and educational. At this insight, this paper focuses on the analysis and identification of future skills requirements in maritime industry to bridge the gaps between the training offers and the actual needs of the industry. In the paper, the future skills requirements are comprehensively analyzed under the lights of the emergent technologies in maritime industry. We believe that, the outcomes of the paper will present significant outcomes for the stakeholders of maritime industry in order to take relevant actions respect to the effects of industry 4.0.

Different Institutions, Distinctive Trajectories? Revisiting Maritime Industrial Development Areas with Cases on China's Liaoning Coast

AbstractMaritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) are spatial tools designed to accelerate economic growth in backwards coastal areas and thus alleviate regional disparities, and they have widely expanded in both developed and developing countries over the past sixty years. This paper reviews the global development of MIDAs in different historical periods and compares them with cases on China's Liaoning coast in terms of their structure, location, administration, national political‐economic climate and theoretical justification. The results indicate that although those countries have different institutional environments they seemingly once took the same path in their specific stages of development. However, the experiences of developed countries and other developing ones and the current dilemma of MIDAs in coastal Liaoning together demonstrate that MIDAs cannot achieve the policy targets anticipated by decision makers, especially during the economic transitions of China. This finding cautions backwards countries and their lagging areas, such as northeastern China, that the traditional pattern tried by the first developed countries may not be appropriate when the development tool (e.g., MIDAs) is examined in both the framework of international comparison and the socioeconomic setting of a specific country.