Development Of Male Sterility Research Articles

Characterization of Plant Homeodomain Transcription Factor Genes Involved in Flower Development and Multiple Abiotic Stress Response in Pepper.

Plant homeodomain (PHD) transcription factor genes are involved in plant development and in a plant's response to stress. However, there are few reports about this gene family in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). In this study, the pepper inbred line "Zunla-1" was used as the reference genome, and a total of 43 PHD genes were identified, and systematic analysis was performed to study the chromosomal location, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, domains, and upstream cis-regulatory elements of the CaPHD genes. The fewest CaPHD genes were located on chromosome 4, while the most were on chromosome 3. Genes with similar gene structures and domains were clustered together. Expression analysis showed that the expression of CaPHD genes was quite different in different tissues and in response to various stress treatments. The expression of CaPHD17 was different in the early stage of flower bud development in the near-isogenic cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred and the maintainer inbred lines. It is speculated that this gene is involved in the development of male sterility in pepper. CaPHD37 was significantly upregulated in leaves and roots after heat stress, and it is speculated that CaPHD37 plays an important role in tolerating heat stress in pepper; in addition, CaPHD9, CaPHD10, CaPHD11, CaPHD17, CaPHD19, CaPHD20, and CaPHD43 were not sensitive to abiotic stress or hormonal factors. This study will provide the basis for further research into the function of CaPHD genes in plant development and responses to abiotic stresses and hormones.

Gradual Inhibition of Staminate Structures Results in Various Degrees of Male Sterility inKnautia arvensis

Premise of research. The development of male sterility in gynodioecious species has long been of considerable interest to plant biologists. Knautia arvensis is a gynodioecious species, but no detailed description of gender morphs is available for the species. In order to reveal the developmental variation of gender morphs, we conduct a detailed examination of sex expression in K. arvensis and compare the development of bisexual and male-sterile (functionally female) flowers in three different localities.Methodology. The development of bisexual and male-sterile flowers was investigated using SEM. The lengths of the style, anther, and filament of bisexual and male-sterile flowers from three different localities were measured. The data were compared in four developmental stages (S1–S4) and statistically analyzed.Pivotal results. In addition to bisexual and male-sterile individuals, intermediate bisexual plants carrying male-sterile flowers (gynomonoecious) as well as intermediate male-sterile plants were fou...

Registration of Pearl Millet Genetic Male‐Sterile (ms3) Stock NM‐10H

A single plant exhibiting male sterility was discovered in a population of about 1000 plants of an F5 dwarf line 34‐2B, the maintainer line for cytoplasmic male sterile line 34‐2A4 of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Its cause was investigated using selfed and full‐sib progeny derived from crosses to different lines. Segregation ratios in these progeny showed that the sterility was due to a single recessive nuclear gene, ms3, the expression of which remained consistent across progeny generations both in field and greenhouse tests. Genetic stock NM‐10H (Reg. No. GS‐4, PI 664478) is an F5 line of pearl millet containing the genetic male sterility gene and was derived from a cross between the male sterility found in line 34‐2B and line 68B. The male sterility is maintained in a heterozygote (NM‐10H). The ms3 genetic male‐sterility gene may be useful in studying the effects of different cytoplasms on heterosis and other traits by using isonuclear hybrids and in histological studies on the development of male sterility in different types of male sterility.

Development of male sterility by silencing Bcp1 gene of Arabidopsis through RNA interference

The development of male sterility is one of the most important steps in hybrid seed production. Several methods for the abortion of pollens based on conventional as well as genetic engineering are reported for the various crop species. Here we have investigated the use of RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence a male specific gene, Bcp1 in the model host Arabidopsis thaliana. Bcp1 is active in both diploid tapetum and haploid microspores. Three batches of explants (A. thaliana) were selected on herbicide glufosinate ammonium and putative transgenes were confirmed through PCR and Southern hybridization. About 49 out of 58 Arabidopsis lines transformed with RNAi construct containing Bcp1 sequences were male sterile. Transgenic plants were phenotypically indistinguishable from nontransgenic plants and by crossing with non-transgenic fertile pollens successful seed set was observed. The Bcp1 gene was also amplified from chilies, tomato and brassica. The present study resulted in developing male sterile A. thaliana (Eco. Columbia) line through genetic engineering. The diversity of Bcp1 gene will help us to produce transgenic male sterile plants in crop plants.

Gene-dependent male sterility and plastomes in Oenothera

The plastids in the cells of the tapetum in anther of Oenothera are involved in the development of male sterility (mst). We combined nuclear homozygosity for each of the two mst genes with the four different plastomes of Oenothera and demonstrated that in both cases the sterile anther phenotype is independent of the plastome. The experiments provide additional information on competition between megaspores and embryo sacs in the ovule.

Changes in lipids and polysaccharides during pollen ontogeny in Oenothera anthers

Sudan B and PAS reactions were used for the histochemical detection of lipids and polysaccharides with light microscopy in semithin slides of resin-embedded Oenothera hookeri De Vries The names of De Vries were adopted in this paper as suggested by Davis (1927, 1934) and not the taxonomic names used earlier (Noher de Halac et al. 1990) as the plants used were not identical with the actual anthers at different ontogenic stages. The aim was to establish the variations that occur in both kinds of metabolic products during normal pollen development. In reproductive cells a wave of amylolysis/amylogenesis is observed simultaneously with a lipidic wave. Starch in diploid PMCs is different from starch in the haploid vegetative cell. The gametogenic cell produces neither reserve lipids nor starch. Callose is seen as brilliant white with Sudan B, but is PAS negative at the PMC stage, becoming PAS positive at the tetrad stage. The exine has interbedded lipopolysaccharidic materials. Tapetal plastids show an intense production of lipidic bodies after the vacuolated microspore stage. Lipidic pollen-kitt is present in the immature pollen grains and becomes dissolved at anthesis. Tapetal cells have no cellulosic cell walls from the PMC stage onwards, but they do have a glycocalix. These events have evolutionary significance and will be compared with male-sterile development.

Occurrence of Chromosomal Aberrants in Genome Substitution Lines Indicative of Diversity of Parents in Eu-Sorghum

Haploids were reported in Sorghum by Endrizzi and Morgan (1955) and Brown (1943). These haploids in Sorghum as well as those reported subsequently were observed to have originated from hybrid populations involving Eu-Sorghum types. The male-sterile combine Kafir-60 which resulted from substitution of Kafir genome in Milo' cytoplasm (Stephens and Holland 1954) was also found to throw haploids in its hybrid population (Meenakshi and Thangam 1961): Therefore the genome substitution lines involving m. s. C. K. 60 as seed parent and S. roxburghii (A. S. 3880) and S. subglabrescens (Co. 18) as pollen parents which were being studied in connection with the development of male-sterility in the latter types, were also studied for the occurrence of any plants with disturbed chromosonnal behaviour. The results are presented and their implications discussed.