Development Of Internet Infrastructure Research Articles

Influence of Internet use on Chinese residents’ health: The mediating role of health knowledge

Information and communication technology development and the digital economy impact human health. The mechanisms of how Internet use affects health outcomes through proximal factors such as health knowledge have not been adequately investigated in China. Therefore, through the China Health and Nutrition Survey database, this study aimed to verify whether Internet use could influence residents' health status by affecting health knowledge levels. We applied Probit regression and mediating models to achieve this goal. This paper provides direct evidence that Internet use may impact individuals' physical health through health knowledge mechanisms. Our study could provide insight into the use of the Internet and its impact on individual human health. In addition, the investigations and findings of this paper could further inspire policy measures with practical implications, such as Internet regulation, Internet policy interventions, and Internet infrastructure development.

City innovation ability and internet infrastructure development: Evidence from the “Broadband China” policy

Abstract“Broadband China” (BC), the new Chinese government implementation in 2013, has led to substantial investments in internet infrastructure development. Furthermore, accurately evaluating its effects is of great significance. BC is taken as a quasinatural experiment in this paper. Data from 278 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019 are used to evaluate this policy influence on city innovation ability by building a regression discontinuity (RD) design model. In addition, its heterogeneity and mechanism are also analyzed. The results show that (1) city innovation ability is significantly improved by the BC policy, and this is still valid after robustness tests. (2) The influence of the BC policy on city innovation ability is heterogeneous and more significant in more prosperous regions, such as in the eastern regions and in large cities. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that the city innovation ability is enhanced by improving knowledge spillover and stimulating entrepreneurial activities.

Research on Cultural Exchanges Between China and Countries Along the Belt and Road in the Context of the Internet Infrastructure Development

Research on Cultural Exchanges Between China and Countries Along the Belt and Road in the Context of the Internet Infrastructure Development

The temperature of internet: Internet use and depression of the elderly in China.

Depression has become one of the most prevalent mental illnesses affecting the elderly in aging countries, i. e., in countries of the world whose population is slowly aging. It has become an important topic for scientists and policymakers to analyze how best to improve the elderly's mental health and save them from depression. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether and to what extent internet use may affect depression in the elderly. The heterogeneous effects of internet use on the elderly's depression across age, gender, and occupation were also investigated. The data used in the present study were gathered from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study that was conducted in 2018. The propensity score matching technique and the endogenous switch regression model were employed in this study to address potential endogeneity caused by both observed and unobserved factors. The results of the present study show that the elderly who are relatively young, male, well educated, live in an urban area, or have a small family are more likely to use the internet. The elderly who have healthy eyes or good eyesight, those who are not employed in the agricultural sector, or those who are retired, and those who are not eligible to receive any subsistence allowance or drink wine have a higher probability of using the internet. We also find that internet use significantly reduces the elderly's depression status by 3.370 points, which is roughly equivalent to a reduction of 37.19%. Heterogeneity analysis on internet use reveals that the health effect is particularly effective for agricultural workers, female, or the older elderly. The results of the present study highlight the significant welfare effects brought about by the development of internet infrastructure. To improve the mental health of the elderly, the government should encourage them to adopt the internet. In particular, the needs of the elderly who are older, female, or have agricultural work should be paid more attention to motivate them to use the internet more to alleviate depression.

Organizational Resistance to Technology Diffusion: The Case of IPv6

IP address is an essential protocol to identify every connected device to the Internet uniquely. IPv6 was developed as a long-term solution to overcome IPv4's shortcomings. However, IPv6 adoption is still very rare. Organizations tend to resistance to adopting and implementing IPv6 on their network. This study aims to develop and test a model of organizational resistance to IPv6, an Internet Protocol (IP) intended to replace IPv4, the widely used incumbent. This exploratory mixed-methods study analyzed interview data from Indonesian organizations, supplemented with insights from prior literature, to identify factors of organizational resistance to IPv6. A subsequent survey of Indonesian organizations was conducted to assess the relationship of each factor with IPv6 resistance. The survey data was then rigorously analyzed using PLS-SEM. While IPv6 is typically portrayed as an essential Internet infrastructure development, Indonesian organizations perceive it as unnecessary and threatening. A Structural Equation Model of IPv6 Resistance was developed and posits that although perceived threat, perceived lack of need, and environmental influences all influence organizational resistance to IPv6, switching costs and satisfaction with current technology have no impact. This study has practical implications for organizations that aim to promote IPv6 diffusion; promotion strategies should address the key factors identified in this study. While prior models of technology resistance have focused on individual-level resistance to technologies promoted from within the organization, this study focuses on organizational-level resistance to technology promoted by sources external to the organization and hence makes a new theoretical contribution.

Data literacy integration into development agenda. A catalyst to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (4IR) era characterized by ‘Information Communication Technology’ (ICT) based data literacy with respect to research data collection, documentation, preservation, intellectual protection / control and dissemination is a functional catalyst in enabling the realization of the SDGs of the United Nations (UN) global agenda on poverty reduction; hunger eradication; safe water accessibility, sustainable energy accessibility; ‘Sustainable Forest Management’ (SFM); climate change resilience; ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ (DRR); biodiversity conservation and; social and gender equity by 2030. The study, employing a desk bound literature review research design, conceptualized that ‘ICT based digital data literacy’ (dependent variable) can ‘catalyze an enabling of the realization of the SDGs of the United Nations (UN) global agenda’ (independent variable), ‘inherent challenges’ (intervening variable) like poor internet infrastructure, digital data illiteracy and high-power costs among others notwithstanding. Global government ‘Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) are managing voluminous (big) digital data to support strategic decision making, policy implementation and operational optimization (monitoring and evaluation) towards realizing the SDGs. This requires effective competence (literacy) in digital data analytics to facilitate SDGs based data processing thereby enabling global government MDAs to accurately utilize data for policy implementation and decision making towards effectively realizing the SDGs. The study findings recommend a scaling up of digital data literacy and internet infrastructure development as well as power accessibility in especially developing countries among others.

Tourism, Internet penetration and economic growth

ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of tourism and Internet penetration on economic growth using a fixed-effects method of moments quantile regression. Both tourism and the Internet affect growth directly and indirectly as it complements other sectors of the economy. However, the effect can differ depending on the development of the economy. This study employs a dataset of 10 Association of South-East Asian Nations economies from the period of 1999–2017, as the region has implemented various joint-policies on tourism and Internet infrastructure development. The results show that both tourism and Internet penetration is positive and significant to growth and interacts positively to growth. However, the effect of tourism is weaker for developed economies, while the effect of Internet penetration is stronger for developed economies. Thus, tourism and Internet infrastructure policies must consider the economic development of an economy.

Features of New Forms of Implementation of Human Capital in the Digital Economy

The development of digital communication technologies and their implementation in all aspects of the life of the population creates new opportunities for the realization of human capital. «Digital» employment has certain characteristics, the analysis of which is necessary to assess the impact of digitalization on the use of human capital of the population, which makes this area of research highly relevent. The objectives of the research are to determine the characteristics of new forms of employment and identify the consequences of their development for the population. The study identified the following forms of employment related to the digital economy: remote employment (remote jobs, outsourcing, freelance), a shared economy (co-consumption, co-production), creation and maintenance of Internet resources (blogs). The study determined features of each of these forms and their effect on employment. In particular, we analyzed such consequences as the market expansion for information services and products and the involvement of previously unused human capital in the production process are analyzed. In addition, the study examined the impact of digital employment on the stratification of the population by income level. As a result, we concluded that the development of Internet infrastructure is not enough for the successful use of digital forms of employment. It is necessary to develop digital literacy and create conditions for the formation of competitive human capital in the regions.

Problems and Prospects of Development of Microfinance Organizations in the Russian Federation

Intensive development of microfinance organizations in Russia has a double meaning. On the one hand, they are claimed by the population; on the other hand, the state control over their activities is difficult. The study reveals the nature, problems and prospects of development of microfinance organizations in Russia. The aim of the authors is to determine the nature of the controversial development of the financial market segment and suggest mechanisms that can resolve these contradictions. The study used a systematic approach and statistical methods. The authors analyzed analytical and statistical information of the Bank of Russia. The lack of adequate mechanisms for the state regulation and control over the activities of microfinance organizations the state is due to the gaps in the legislative framework. This was the reason for the increase in the share of overdue debts, the high debt load of the population, the intensification of collectors, the increase in lawsuits. The actions are proposed for increasing transparency of microfinance transactions without increasing the administrative burden on regulatory authorities. Among them are: attracting private investorslenders to microfinance activities with the development of Internet infrastructure, creating a special online platform to register microloan transactions between individuals and / or legal entities in real time with recording them in the Bank of Russia and in tax services. It is also necessary to amend the legislation on microfinance activity. This sequence of actions will lead to a reduction in the informal sector in the microfinance segment and in the financial market of the Russian Federation as a whole. The proposals made in the article can be used to develop the anti-crisis program of the Government of the Russian Federation in this area.

PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN INTERNET WIRELESS DENGAN WIFI OVERVIEW PADA OBYEK WISATA BLANGSINGA WATERFALL

Blangsinga Waterfall merupakan salah satu objek wisata dengan kondisi geografis yang sangat ekstrim, Dimana area tersebut belum tercover sinyal GSM akibatnya wisatawan tidak bisa mengakses jaringan internet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan spot infrastruktur jaringan Wireless serta Hotspot dan kemudian melakukan pengukuran kekuatan sinyal untuk coverage areal wisata. Berdasarkan analisa lapangan ditentukan 3 (tiga) titik untuk pembangunan jaringan dan penempatan Access Point sebagai Hotspot. Implementasi diawali dengan membangun jaringan LAN. Kemudian untuk scanning channel dan pengujian sinyal access point digunakan tools Wifi Overview. Pengujian kekuatan sinyal dilakukan di sekitar areal tempat wisata dengan mengambil jarak 5m, 10m, dan 15m ke segala arah dari Access point ditempatkan. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terbangunnya internetworking untuk areal wisata Blangsinga Waterfall. Hasil berikutnya adalah adanya akses internet dimana semua areal wisata ter-cover sinyal wifi. Dengan terbangunnya infrastruktur internet, wisatawan mendapatkan akses komunikasi lebih mudah serta pengelola tempat wisata dapat mengembangkan fasilitas lain dengan berdasar jaringan internet yang sudah dibangun.

From the Digital Divide to the Connectivity Dividend Difference: A Connectivity Capital Perspective

The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide. The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage, but it has also touched off a connectivity dividend difference. Taking the online market as an example, we examine the sources of the dividend difference and the factors influencing it with in a connectivity framework. We found that the narrowing of the access divide has resulted in enhanced connectivity and platform development, giving people the chance to benefit from transforming the various assets in which they have previously invested into differentiated compound connectivity capital. In the course, the scale and rate of the conversion are affected by two multiplier effects and especially by online platforms. The process is ultimately expressed in the dividend difference.

Predictive models to measure the impact of fiber-optic broadband speeds on local towns and communities

Internet availability and speed can impact a local community’s education, healthcare, safety, and economic development. Currently, there are few, if any, formal analyses to help communities make informed decisions on investments in internet and bandwidth expansion. This is in spite of the longstanding view posited by economic policy researchers that certain public infrastructure investments must be analyzed on a local government basis. Here, we adopt the local community focus and combine data from local, state and federal sources to develop models that predict the impacts of fiber-optic bandwidth expansion on economic factors for individual towns and communities. Our predictive analysis also demonstrates differing impacts related to town size and yields interesting outcomes related to local geographies. The rankings and comparisons derived from our predictive methodology can be used by town and state planners to holistically plan internet infrastructure development across localities. Our modeling approach can be applied to develop models specific to other towns and communities facing similar decisions regarding investments in internet speed.

The Internet of Things as an accelerator of advancement of broadband networks: A case of Thailand

The advanced development of broadband access is an inevitable step toward supportive daily lives and sustainable economic growth. However, the decisive outcome of the development relies heavily on the demand side. Consumer choice among advanced Internet broadband technologies will determine the achievement of the development. This study aims to illustrate that consumer decisions on choices of advanced Internet access are influenced by the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. A bivariate probit model is applied to examine the effects of IoT, consumer's individual characteristics, and their current use of networks on their decision pertaining to the choice of advanced Internet access. Using Thailand as a case study, the result indicates that the emergence of IoT applications accelerates the adoption of both advanced mobile broadband (5G) and advanced fixed broadband (FTTH). This finding may help policy makers to optimize the future direction of the Internet infrastructure development in Thailand, and also countries in a similar stage.

Entrepreneurial Intent for Ebusiness Among Students in Thailand

The objective of this paper is to determine the level intent to engage in eBusiness among university students. This issue is of interests to stakeholders because they allow stakeholders to better plan and manage eBusiness platform and operations. A mixed population of thai and Non-Thai students from entrepreneurship and marketing faculties in a private university were used as target population. The data consists of 120 written surveys soliciting quantitative, ordinal and nominal data. Parametric and non-parametric testings were used. The findings were re-tested through Monte Carlo simulation . The intent to engage in eBusiness is used as the dependent variable. Independent variables include personality traits, social environment, desire to own business, and perception toards eBusiness infrastructure in Thailand. It was found that personality was not a significant factor while the remaining factors were significant. Gender analysis showed that females were risk affine and males were risk avert. The introduction of a new payment platform, such as PromptPay, does not significantly alter people’s outlook toward payment platform available in Thailand. It was also found that eBusiness is a significant alternative platform for commercial activities due to its lack of barrier and global reach. This outlook was reinforced by the continued development of internet infrastructure and e-Commerce technology available in Thailand. Nevertheless, online security and payment system remains a concern. These findings demonstrate key issues of interests to stakeholders for planning, developing, maintaining and managing eBusiness platforms and portals.

Localizing Internet infrastructure: Cooperative peering in Latin America

This paper offers an overview of the changes in the Internet interconnection regime in the past decade and their key implications for the development of Internet infrastructure in developing regions based on the Latin American experience. The main argument presented is that changes in market conditions and Internet traffic patterns over the past decade have favored the search for new interconnection arrangements between actors located at the outer edges of the traditional Internet topology. Driven by the need to control operating costs and optimize content delivery to end-users, network operators in Latin America (and elsewhere in developing regions) are increasingly experimenting with cooperative peering arrangements to meet interconnection needs. The evidence suggests that these new arrangements are resulting in multiple benefits to local Internet ecosystems, among them reduced transit costs, greater network redundancy, improved service quality, new infrastructure investments and better technical coordination among operators.

Development and Impact of E-Commerce in Turkey

Today, the number of technological devices such as computers, cell phones, tablets etc. has increased and their usage has become widespread. As a result of frequent use of these technologies depending on situation, these devices have developed even further and became a part of our lives. Development of Internet infrastructure and increase of its usage have led people to interact more with the Internet and it has become an indispensable aspect of our lives. The fact that the Internet offers new opportunities for businesses and consumers formed a basis for development of e-commerce. The purpose of this paper is to determine impacts of electronic commerce and Internet technology in Turkey on both companies and customers through literature reviews.

On Multi Agent Systems Intellectics

This paper intends to precisiate the well-known and widespread definitions of both smart and intelligent agent (SA; IA), as well as the smart and intelligent multi agent system (SS/II_MAS). The use of a unified and standardized agent and multi agent system description based on definitions of the general systems theory is delivered and proposed as well. The intellectics of multi agent systems is considered as some sort of an extension of the agent intelligence. Three typical features of human intellectual activities are proposed to be implemented and simulated in an agent/multi agent system as the basic paradigms for agent and multi agent system intellectics. As underlined in the paper, the functioning according to those paradigms (recognition and classification, behavior according to a set of fuzzy rules, and the functioning according to some prescribed tendency) is solidly mathematically based (correspondingly: mathematical programing, fuzzy logic and stochastic approximation). Finally, results of a computerized modeling and simulation are delivered demonstrating the practical vitality and efficiency of the theoretical approach to the realization of the intelligent environment of IoT&S for user‘s comfort in two projects: “Research and Development of Internet Infrastructure for IoT& S in the Smart Environment (IDAPI)” and “Research on Smart Home Environment and Development of Intelligent Technologies (BIATech)”.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.1.8768

Psychometric Validation of the Chinese Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) with Taiwanese High School Adolescents.

The recent development of internet infrastructure has fuelled a popular concern that young Asian internet users are experiencing Internet addiction due to excessive Internet use. In order to understand the phenomenon, psychometric validation of a 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), with 417 Chinese adolescents has been performed. Compared to other instruments for use with Chinese populations, e.g. the 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the 26-item Chen Internet Addiction Scale, the CIUS is relatively concise, and easy to use for measuring and diagnosing Internet addiction. The present psychometric validation has found good factorial stability with a one-factor solution for the CIUS. The internal consistency and model fit indices were very good, and even better than any previous CIUS validations. The Chinese CIUS is a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument for examining compulsive Internet use among Chinese adolescents. Other findings included: male adolescents tend to experience more compulsive Internet use than their female counterparts, and CIUS scores were positively correlated with the daily Internet use time and negatively correlated with the academic performance of the participants. No significant relationships between the CIUS, ICT accessibility, family economic condition, parental occupation or religion were found.

The Prediction of Bandwidth On Need Computer Network Through Artificial Neural Network Method of Backpropagation

The need for bandwidth has been increasing recently. This is because the development of internet infrastructure is also increasing so that we need an economic and efficient provider system. This can be achieved through good planning and a proper system. The prediction of the bandwidth consumption is one of the factors that support the planning for an efficient internet service provider system. Bandwidth consumption is predicted using ANN. ANN is an information processing system which has similar characteristics as the biologic al neural network. ANN is chosen to predict the consumption of the bandwidth because ANN has good approachability to non-linearity. The variable used in ANN is the historical load data. A bandwidth consumption information system was built using neural networks with a backpropagation algorithm to make the use of bandwidth more efficient in the future both in the rental rate of the bandwidth and in the usage of the bandwidth. Keywords: Forecasting, Bandwidth, Backpropagation

New Forms of Governance in South-East Europe with Special Emphasis on Serbia

New forms of governance, regional strategic platforms and partnerships should overcome administrative, political and financial obstacles in a country in transition which is in a less advanced position compared to Western Europe. SEE1 countries have not been successful in completing a complex transition and transformation process towards the membership in European Union but also in embracing ICTs to the maximum extent possible as a new development opportunity in the era of globalization. The main goal of this paper is to examine the economic, political, organizational and social conditions necessary for a successful implementation of new forms of governance in Serbia and SEE countries. In this paper we also explore the emerged forms of e-Governance in Serbia having in mind that this process cuts across a broad range of technical, legal, economic and institutional issues. Our aim is to identify the key gaps and obstacles for evolving and developing new forms of governance in countries which had been to a large extent shaped in the period of communist rule. These countries are not ready for at least some elements of new modes of governance. Therefore, there is need to re-establish existing modes of governance through strengthening and reforming institutional and judiciary system, improving the quality of legislation and providing institutional, political, managerial and especially technical support for these actions. Today's governments face an important challenge, not only in terms of providing better information to citizens through the Internet, but also in terms of increasing productivity and reducing cost. The Internet is a mediating and disruptive technology that should have a crucial impact on improving e-Governance in SEE countries. SEE countries must aim to foster Internet infrastructure development and to implement higher bandwidth services which will enhance e-Government services. Despite the current factors and trends in SEE countries that contribute to the future Internet growth, we have witnessed a gap between those who have and those who do not have the possibility to use the Internet related technology and services. One of the major obstacles in accelerating progress is lack of competencies or knowledge on the part of leaders at various government and entrepreneur levels to design and implement successful e-Governance initiatives, particularly in the area of e-Democracy and e-Inclusion, which specifically aim at strengthening Human Governance. The absence of training and educational programs and intra-regional knowledge transfer mechanisms are key issues to be addressed. The Democratic and Human Governance dimension of ICT remains a serious challenge, with major progress still to be made. Such areas of e-Democracy as e-Participation, e-Inclusion, e-Transparency that are being emphasized by the EU i20102 strategic framework are not being properly addressed. This is partly because e-governance is neither fully understood nor prioritized by policy makers, government senior executives, and development practitioners. In order to foster economic development and apply local assets, knowledge and skills SEE countries must generate and exploit new forms of governance, partnerships and entrepreneurship. The SEE countries have to facilitate development of e-Government system in order to create efficient and effective government.