Intellectual Capital Development Research Articles

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Syariah di Malaysia Tahun 2019-2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of Intellectual Capital on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia during the period 2019-2022. This research method uses a quantitative approach by collecting data from the annual financial statements of Islamic banks in Malaysia during the study period. Intellectual Capital is measured by Capital Employed Efficiency, Human Capital Efficiency and Structural Capital Efficiency. Financial performance is measured by ROA (Return on Assets). The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The sample was selected based on purposive sampling and there were 13 Islamic Banks for 4 years. The results showed that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This finding indicates that the management and development of intellectual capital, such as efficient use of capital, improving employee skills, and strengthening organizational infrastructure, contribute positively to the financial performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia. The practical implication of this study is that the management of Islamic banks should pay special attention to the management of their intellectual capital as part of the strategy to improve ROA. Investment in intellectual capital development can generate long-term benefits for Islamic banks, especially in the face of intensifying competition in the banking industry.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INTELLECTUAL ASSETS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Abstract. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between intellectual capital and intellectual assets, which are crucial for competitive development and creating a favorable environment for innovation, creativity, increased competitiveness, and attracting investments. Identifying the main conditions and factors of intellectual capital development is an important task as it determines the economic strength, prosperity, and quality of life at the organizational, regional, and national economy levels. Methodology. In the process of completing the tasks in the study, the following methods and approaches were used: the abstract-logical method was employed for clear goal and task definition; the analytical-monographic approach was applied in the analysis of literary sources, legislative acts related to the relationship between intellectual capital and intellectual assets; the method of causal analysis was used to determine cause-and-effect relationships influencing the development of intellectual capital, human capital, and intellectual assets and their interrelationships. Results. The article analyzes the results of scientific research by scholars, formed theoretical and methodological aspects regarding the relationship between intellectual capital, intellectual assets, human capital, and their impacts on the development of socio-economic systems, determining the stages of managing intellectual assets in the stages of manifestation. The scientific novelty lies in determining and substantiating the places, characteristics, and relationship between intellectual capital and intellectual assets in the development of economic systems. Practical significance. The recommendations provided in the article can be applied in developing specific elements of Ukraine's strategy in the context of intellectual and human capital development.

Revealing the potential of FinTech innovation through knowledge assets: a study of firm financial performance

Purpose This study aims to investigate the association of FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) and firm performance (FP) by considering the role of knowledge assets (KA) as a causal mechanism underlying the FinTechINN – FP association. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors consider panel data of 1,049 Chinese A-listed firm and construct a structural model for corporate FinTech innovation, knowledge assets and firm performance while considering endogeneity issues in analyses over the period of 2014–2022. The modified value added intellectual capital (VAIC) and research and development (R&D) expenses are used as a proxy measure for knowledge assets, considering governance and corporate performance measures. Findings According to the findings of this study FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Particularly; the findings disclose that FinTech innovations has a link with knowledge assets, FinTech innovations indirectly affects firm performance, and the association between FinTech innovation and firm performance is partially mediated by knowledge assets (MVAIC and R&D expenses). Originality/value Rooted in the dynamic capability and resource-based view, this study pioneers an empirical exploration of the association of FinTech innovation with firm performance. Moreover, it introduces the novel dimension of knowledge assets (on firm-level), acting as a mediating factor with in this relationship.

The relationship between intellectual capital development and strategic competency development:An applied study on the medical sector in Bahrain

The relationship between intellectual capital development and strategic competency development:An applied study on the medical sector in Bahrain

Corporate Social Responsibility and Intellectual Capital and Their Influence on Annual Report Readability: A Literature Review

This research aims to determine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance, Intellectual Capital, and the readability of annual reports as a key communication tool between companies and stakeholders. This research uses a qualitative literature review approach by analyzing several previous studies related to this topic. The results of the analysis show that companies that are actively involved in CSR practices and have strong Intellectual Capital tend to present annual reports with a higher level of readability. This optimal readability has a positive impact on the understanding of various stakeholders, including investors and creditors, which in turn can support better decision-making. The implication is that companies can utilize CSR practices and Intellectual Capital development as a strategy to increase the readability of their annual reports. Therefore, increasing transparency, readability and clear disclosure of information in annual reports can contribute positively to a company's reputation and support long-term business growth. Recommendations for companies involve paying attention to the regulatory and disclosure reform initiatives that regulators have implemented to ensure disclosure is effective and affordable for all stakeholders

Comparing Chinese academic returnees in Chengdu and Guangzhou: reasons for return, choice of destination and onward migration intention

ABSTRACT This is a comparative study on Chinese academic returnees in Chengdu and Guangzhou, China. Adopting the concepts of intellectual gateway (IG), intellectual node (IN) and intellectual capital (IC) from the intellectual migration (IM) framework, as well as the amenities perspective in migration studies, this article conceptualises Chengdu as an emerging IG and Guangzhou as a typical IG. Through analysing macro-level public data and first-hand interviews and survey data at the micro level, it explores academic returnees’destination choice and if urban amenities and individual preferences influence their onward migration intention. It concludes that academic returnees’choice of destination is not only highly related to their pursuit of IC development and economic capital, but is also influenced by their preferences of different types of cultural amenities. Chengdu’s cultural amenities tend to attract and retain more personal-life-oriented academic returnees, while Guangzhou is favoured by professional-life-oriented returnees. Furthermore, compared to returnees in Guangzhou, those in Chengdu are more likely to stay for longer terms. It is suggested that building rich cultural amenities and intellectual networks can be potential advantages for emerging IGs in attracting and retaining intellectual migrants.

The magnitude of intellectual capital research: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to map and explore in detail the development of intellectual capital (IC) literature with the help of bibliometric analysis. The research combines the IC literature from Scopus and Web of Science databases from 1985 to 2022, resulting in 2044 documents. Bibliographic coupling, co‐citation networks, content analysis and other techniques available under the Biblioshiny package were used to explore the database. The findings have demonstrated the four transition phases in IC research during 1997, 2004, 2011 and 2021. The results have revealed that the ‘Journal of Intellectual Capital’ and the ‘International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital’ are the core journals of the IC research. Further, it has been observed that Bontis, Dumay, Guthrie, Subramaniam and Youndt are some of the prolific contributors and pioneers of IC research. The conceptual structure unveiled that IC has been linked with its components, corporate governance, organisation performance and disclosures in the research undertaken so far. Reflecting upon the identified themes using the thematic evolution map, the research attempts to find future impediments. The bibliographic coupling of documents resulted in three clusters: disclosure, components and financial performance and VAIC. The co‐citation networks explored using content analysis resulted in four clusters: recognition and awareness of IC, measurement and development of IC, disclosure and reporting of IC and IC and corporate performance. Overall, the research is a comprehensive analysis of IC development over 38 years reflecting upon the present scenario and evolution of IC throwing light upon the niche themes requiring further exploration.

APPLICATION OF Q-leaning MACHINE LEARNING FOR THE FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

Goal. Evaluation of the intellectual capital of an enterprise, an organization that has many properties connected by appropriate relationships among themselves, which characterize the effectiveness of intellectual capital. Method. The following research methods were used to solve the set goal in the work: historical and empirical methods, the method of scientific abstraction, methods of analysis and synthesis, and the method of system analysis. The results. It is determined that the accumulation of capital of the efficiency of consumer or client capital owes to the capital of the strategy of attracting innovations of information potential and the choice of capital of alternatives and reproduces the increase in the level of organizational capital within the limits of its use. It was revealed that informational capital, which forms strategies for attracting informational potential, influences the choice of alternative capital and directly performs the main functions of forming and applying intellectual capital management mechanisms. In general, the capital of the strategy of attracting innovations of the information potential and the capital of alternatives directly performs the main functions of forming and applying the mechanisms of intellectual capital management in combination with other types of capital and independently of them. Scientific novelty. As a result of the research, the conceptual approach to the application of Q-leaning machine learning is substantiated in order to obtain the most effective strategy for the development of intellectual capital and increase the reliability of the obtained results. Practical significance. The study helps to increase the effectiveness of the development of intellectual capital development strategy and increase the reliability of the obtained results.

Application of Importance Performance Analysis (Ipa) Method to Develop Intellectual Capital in Creative SMEs

Creative SMEs in Bogor face increasingly sharp competition, both from domestic and foreign products. To support creative SMEs in producing quality products, the role of intellectual capital is very important. Intellectual capital plays a role in improving employee performance and in the long term will influence the performance of SMEs. Apart from that, this capital can be used as a tool to evaluate employee performance so that companies can anticipate the needs of SMEs in the future. This research aims to determine the extent to which the quality of intellectual capital meets the satisfaction and expectations of Creative SME managers as well as strategies for developing the quality of intellectual capital. Data collection was carried out through observations, distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis uses the IPA (Importance Performance Index) method. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with the number of respondents being 100 Creative UKM managers. The results of the IPA analysis of 43 attributes show that the information system in providing accurate and up-to-date data as well as production SOPs must be evaluated and improved. Apart from that, the speed of the transaction processing performance also needs to be improved. Based on the gap analysis between actual performance and expectations, it shows that the level of conformity between performance and expectations in intellectual capital is in the very suitable category. The intellectual capital development strategy includes conducting training on e-commerce for creative SME entrepreneurs and preparing SOPs related to SME operational functions.

Formation of the causal field of indicators for an organization’s intellectual capital development: A concept and a fuzzy economic and mathematical model

The development of intellectual capital theory through the introduction of the concept of implicitness involves considering intellectual capital as an implicit factor, so that the process of its formation is largely determined by the impact of specific hidden factors whose impact is expressed implicitly and is difficult to formalize. Currently, the process of selecting explicit and implicit factors affecting intellectual capital is not formalized in domestic and foreign studies, and therein is the relevance of this work. The purpose of this study was to develop a scheme for selecting explicit and implicit factors in the development of the organization’s intellectual capital in conjunction with its strategy based on a modified Balanced Scorecard, taking into account the distribution of indicators by types of cognitive activity. The implementation of this scheme was carried out by developing a fuzzy economic and mathematical model suitable for practical use. The main feature of the model is the possibility of fuzzy setting of “cut-off boundaries” for explicit and implicit factors. We present the results of testing the model on the example of a large regional university. Sets of explicit and implicit factors of the university’s intellectual capital are given for various “cut-off boundaries” using various defuzzification methods.

Взаимное влияние интеллектуального капитала и информационных технологий управления

To date, there is a generally accepted idea of intellectual capital, and approaches have been developed to measure it at the micro and macro levels. Methods of patent analytics for the analysis of technological trends have been developed. At the conceptual level, it is known that there is a mutual influence of intellectual capital and technological trends, but there are no methodological developments for quantifying such influence using data from various sources. The purpose of the study was to quantify the mutual influence of national intellectual capital and modern management information technologies at the macro level. The mathematical foundations for the distinction of the components of intellectual capital and technologies were considered. The hypothesis about the statistical significance of the mutual influence of intellectual capital and management information technologies was confirmed. The dependence was approximated by linear regression of the intellectual capital index on the logarithm of the country's patent activity index in the field of IT management methods, which can be interpreted as a slowdown in the growth of the intellectual capital index when a certain level of patent activity is reached. It has been established that the more developed the economy, the higher the level of intellectual capital and the higher level of dissemination of IT management methods. China and India are clear exceptions to this pattern. China, which is an upper-middle-income country, demonstrates higher than the countries of its level of economic development, interconnected values of the index of intellectual capital, and the prevalence of IT-management methods. India, ranked 3rd among lower-middle-income countries, has commensurate rates of development of intellectual capital and the spread of IT-management methods with upper-middle-income countries. Further research may be related to testing hypotheses about quantitative relationships between intellectual capital and technological development via the proposed method. It is necessary to detail the identified dependencies by IPC codes and components of intellectual capital and identify dependencies for other technological areas.

The Role of the Intellectual Potential of Employees in Creating the Goodwill of a Teaching Hospital

Hospitals are medical entities providing health services to patients. The dominant share of labour costs in the cost structure of the healthcare entity is evidence of the critical role of employees in a hospital's activities. Specialized medical staff provide medical services and educate future medical staff, while also conducting clinical trials and supporting the development of medical technologies. The article aims to recognize the impact of the intellectual potential of employees on creating goodwill in a teaching hospital. The inference was made based on the financial data available on hospital employees' income and labour costs as factors in the development of the goodwill of a teaching hospital. The following research questions were posed: whether the existing legal regulations regarding the financing of the activities of teaching hospitals in Poland, including the costs of medical staff, are conducive to the creation and development of goodwill of teaching hospitals; whether the ratio of the value of operating revenues to labour costs can be considered as a determinant of the increase in the goodwill of a teaching hospital. The research was conducted based on reporting data for 2018 - 2019 involving selected teaching hospitals as the basic units associating high-class medical specialists. The research was empirical and based on quantitative and qualitative data. The analyses were of an expert nature, from the perspective of a statutory auditor and a long-term researcher of the problems of the functioning of medical entities - hospitals. The preliminary findings indicate that the intellectual capital of teaching hospitals is crucial in creating and developing the goodwill measured by the ratio of the value of operating revenues to labour costs. The considerations undertaken in the article are an essential voice in recognizing the conditions for developing hospitals as entities with intellectual capital that is helpful in solving health problems on an international scale. The article is a continuation of the author's research on the development of intellectual capital of employees of teaching hospitals in Poland.

Intellectual capital and employee innovative behavior in cross-border e-commerce enterprises: the moderating role of career sustainability

PurposeTo cope with intensifying uncertainties coupled with the rapid advancement of information communication technology (ICT), understanding how to encourage employees' innovative workplace behavior (IWB) is imperative, with two motivational concerns: (1) the possession of critical knowledge resources characterized by intellectual capital (IC) to better reconfigure new and existing knowledge and (2) the development of career sustainability to handle ICT-enabled intricate job arrangements. The authors investigate the relationships among IC, career sustainability and IWB in Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises (CEEs), which are becoming increasingly prevalent and central to the global economy.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from 417 participants employed in Chinese CEEs, the authors used regression analyses to test the authors' hypotheses.FindingsHuman capital (HC) and structural capital (SC) exerted inverted U-shaped influences on IWB, while relational capital (RC) was positively related to IWB. Perceived career sustainability positively moderated such associations between HC and IWB and between SC and IWB; perceived career sustainability negatively moderated the positive RC-IWB relationship.Practical implicationsResults can inform managers which components of IC and how managers are related to IWB so crucial for success of CEEs with ICT-enabled, intricate architectures of knowledge exchange. The authors' results can help global managers and policymakers to more appropriately allocate scarce knowledge resources to maximize innovative behaviors in the highly competitive international business context.Originality/valueFrom the knowledge-based view (KBV) of firm innovation, the authors examine the differential effects of IC components on employee IWB amid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through a novel lens of employees' perceptions of career sustainability, enriching the literature at the intersection of IC, knowledge management (KM) and career development. The authors' cross-level analysis links micro-level variables to organizational IC in the new normal.

ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК РОЗВИТКУ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

This article is devoted to the study of educational factors as an indicator of the development of intellectual capital of enterprises. Starting with the analysis of current economic and technological trends, the article identifies the role of education that is becoming more and more strategic for sustainable business development in the global environment. Particular attention is paid to the study of the interaction between enterprises and higher education institutions, revealing important aspects that affect the formation of intellectual capital. Conducted analysis of negative trends and problems in the education system, their impact on the intellectual capital of enterprises is determined. Important challenges, such as the instability of educational programs, the lack of effective interaction and strategic cooperation, are highlighted. On the basis of this analysis, innovative strategies and practices that can improve the use of educational potential to stimulate the intellectual development of enterprises have been identified. Promising solutions to these problems to ensure the maximum use of intellectual capital of enterprises are indicated. Keywords: intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital, educational process, intellectual property

Investigation of intellectual capital and firm performance in Thailand: Mediating role of earnings quality

This study was conducted to investigate two main aspects. First, it seeks to analyze how intellectual capital impacts firm performance. Second, it examines how intellectual capital impacts firm performance through earnings quality. To achieve these objectives, 114 financial datasets from service businesses listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) during the period from 2019 to 2020 were utilized. The hypotheses were tested through various analytical techniques, including descriptive statistics, normality tests, a correlation matrix, structural equation models, and path analysis. The findings revealed that earnings quality indirectly impacted firm performance, as assessed by Tobin's Q and return on assets. The study demonstrated that earnings quality, measured through discretionary accruals, served as a partial mediator between intellectual capital and return on assets. Furthermore, earnings quality was identified as a full mediator in the association between intellectual capital and Tobin's Q. After analyzing the data during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was found that businesses that utilized information technology systems and employed efficient distribution channels demonstrated high relational capital efficiency (RCE). This efficiency positively affected market value. The practical contribution of this study provides managers with measurement methods for intellectual capital development, enabling them to enhance operational efficiency in intellectual capital and generate high earnings quality that reflects market value. Additionally, it highlights the importance of adapting to digital-era economic changes. Regulatory bodies can further promote and support intellectual capital to increase market value.

Intellectual capital development; a pre-requisite for leaders’ heuristics in times of uncertainties

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between intellectual capital development, managerial heuristics and innovation capability among SMEs in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of 33 SMEs (Hospitality and Retail Industries) in the Greater Accra Region-Ghana. The study employed a mixed-method approach to investigate the study objectives.FindingsThe findings show that intellectual capital development positively predicts innovation capability among SMEs. Further, it was revealed that managerial heuristics are predominant among retailing firms than firms within the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to explore intellectual capital development from the viewpoint of managerial heuristics in decision making in times of uncertainties within the context of emerging economies.

Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap financial performance pada perusahaan non-family business

The purpose of this study is to conduct an influence test and provide empirical evidence of the influence of independent variables, namely Intellectual Capital on dependent influences, namely Financial Performance which is assessed using ROA (Y1) and ROE (Y2) on non-family business companies. This study then applies multiple regression analysis which includes classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests and descriptive statistical tests. Data testing is assisted by using the SPSS program. The total number of companies consistently recorded in Kompas100 during 2018 – 2021 is 141 companies, but the number of samples that comply with purposive sampling provisions is 45 companies. Thus, the observation data used amounted to 158 research data. The results prove that IC has a positive influence on ROE and ROA. While firm's size has a significant negative effect on ROE and ROA.
 Public interest statements
 This research can be used as input in the assessment carried out by company management and the general public to measure the company's financial performance. The factors in this assessment can be seen through the development of intellectual capital by companies that do not only focus on tangible assets, but also manage their intangible assets.

The Ontology of Successful Teaching: Capturing Voices of Primary School Teachers

The teaching philosophies and qualities that characterize the best teacher remain contentious aspects of the multilayered educational landscape of Pakistan. The present study explores the ontological configuration of successful teaching while examining primary school teachers' beliefs and philosophies asking what are the fundamental requirements for becoming an excellent teacher who ultimately can contribute enormously to the development of both individual and collective intellectual capital. For this study, a qualitative approach of inquiry was adopted employing in-depth interviews with 33 primary school teachers (17 males, 16 females) from Rawalpindi city to elicit the grassroots perception concerning their beliefs regarding the perquisites of becoming a successful teacher. The study point to a number of traits that teachers believe are essential for successful teaching including loyalty and honesty, commitment, punctuality and passion vis-a-vis, effective communication skills, efficient classroom management, in-depth subject knowledge, and an awareness of students' issues to foster a conducive learning environment.

Servitisation of SMEs through strategic alliances: The role of intellectual capital

AbstractThis research sought to uncover the role played by intellectual capital (IC) in the interplay between strategic alliances of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and servitisation strategies. An in‐depth investigation of a single case represented by an SME consortium in the elevator industry served as the empirical context. Multiple sets of data were examined by integrating the analysis of documents with the analysis of data gathered through semi‐structured interviews. We found that a strategic alliance among SMEs constitutes a form of relational capital and creates/improves other components of IC that support the formulation of the servitisation strategy and enable its implementation. The development of IC triggered by the formation of a strategic alliance appears to function as a driver of the servitisation strategy and to influence the innovation process. The value of this research lies in the analysis of IC in a new context—the servitisation of SMEs through strategic alliances—that focusses on interrelations among multiple forms of capital.

The U-shaped relationship between intellectual capital and hotel performance. The moderating effect of managerial gender

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to explore the intellectual capital in the hotel industry paying particular attention to the gender of the manager. A model is proposed that includes the determinants of the intellectual capital of hotels and the moderating effect of the general manager's gender. Our findings show the positive influence of turbulent environments and dynamic capabilities on intellectual capital development. The subsequent relationship between intellectual capital and hotel performance is U-shaped rather than linear. Furthermore, this relationship is more likely to be positive in hotels managed by women, due to their ability to enhance human, social and organizational capital. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Squares based on variance (PLS-SEM) on a sample of Spanish hotels in 2020.