Development Of Innovative Procedures Research Articles

Hierarchical Volt/Var Control Applied to Distribution Systems with High Penetration of PV Generation

The operation of distribution systems benefits from an efficient voltage and reactive power control, which nowadays is generally achieved by local and independent actions performed by voltage regulators, on-load tap changer transformers, and capacitor banks. However, the modernization of distribution systems has been accompanied by the integration of a communication infrastructure and new controllable equipment allowing the development of innovative procedures to control the voltage and reactive power. In this context, an alternative is the implementation of an Integrated Volt/Var Control (IVVC), consisting of the integration of voltage and reactive power controls in a centralized structure. This work investigates a hierarchical Volt/Var control methodology that considers the use of both local and centralized controls in a coordinated manner aiming to optimize distribution system operation and overcome the disadvantages of using either of the approaches separately. In this methodology, the centralized control acts when the local control is not enough, overriding its commands. The methodology is tested in a distribution system with photovoltaic generators and considers the use of inverters’ advanced functions into the hierarchical control. The results show that the proposed methodology allows improvements in the performance of the test system operation increasing its efficiency.

Levator Pull-Out Suture Technique for Immediate Postoperative Correction of Eyelid Asymmetry After Ptosis Surgery in Asians.

Postoperative eyelid asymmetry is the most common complaint of patients after undergoing blepharoplasty and ptosis correction surgery. Calibrating eyelid asymmetry during ptosis correction surgery is still difficult for surgeons despite the development of innovative procedures. Our levator pull-out suture technique for correcting postoperative eyelid asymmetry after ptosis surgery is introduced. A total of 330 patients who underwent ptosis correction surgery with upper blepharoplasty from 2016 to 2017 were enrolled in our study. All surgeries were performed using the levator pull-out suture technique, and the postoperative eyelid asymmetry was corrected in the outpatient clinic at 2-3days after the operation. Patient satisfaction was evaluated preoperatively and at 1week and 2months postoperatively using a questionnaire. Visual acuity, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), and vertical palpebral fissure length asymmetry were measured preoperatively and compared to values taken postoperatively. Patient satisfaction regarding asymmetry increased from 2.7/5 (preoperatively) to 4.1/5 points (postoperatively). MRD1 and vertical palpebral fissure length increased from 1.1/1.2 and 6.8/6.8mm (preoperatively), respectively, to 2.8/2.9 and 8.5/8.6mm (postoperatively), respectively. The asymmetry of MRD1 and vertical palpebral fissure length before and after surgery were corrected from 0.45/1.81 to 0.01/0.19mm (p < 0.01). Our innovative surgical method of using the levator pull-out suture technique is relatively simple and allows for finer suture adjustments postoperatively to effectively correct eyelid asymmetry, with satisfactory results. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Femtosecond Lasers in Ophthalmology

The use of the femtosecond laser in ophthalmic surgery over the last decade has resulted in the development of innovative procedures. The ultra-short infrared laser pulses of the femtosecond laser can be applied precisely and predictably with minimal collateral tissue damage, making it an ideal tool for highly precise ophthalmic surgery. Flap creation in laserin situkeratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common use of this laser. It can also be used for other corneal refractive procedures, lamellar and full-thickness corneal transplantation and cataract surgery. This article summarises recent advanced applying femtosecond laser technology in ophthalmology.

Femtosecond Lasers in Ophthalmology

The use of the femtosecond laser in ophthalmic surgery over the last decade has resulted in the development of innovative procedures. The ultra-short infrared laser pulses of the femtosecond laser can be applied precisely and predictably with minimal collateral tissue damage, making it an ideal tool for highly precise ophthalmic surgery. Flap creation in laserin situkeratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common use of this laser. It can also be used for other corneal refractive procedures, lamellar and full-thickness corneal transplantation, and cataract surgery. This article summarizes recent advanced applying femtosecond laser technology in ophthalmology.

Numerical Simulation of Hydroforming Process Involving a Tubular Blank with Dissimilar Thickness

The research and development of innovative procedures have a vital importance to lightweight construction technology, in particular for future vehicle concepts. The implementation of modern lightweight construction concepts results in a specification emphasizing the aspects of both uniform forming of large-scale parts as well as complex local geometric details.