Development Of Innovative Activities Research Articles

Co-designing postpartum contraceptive services with and for immigrant women in Sweden: lessons learned from the IMPROVE-it project

Background and aimImmigrant women in many high-income countries including Sweden, report unmet need of sexual and reproductive health and rights, and face worse pregnancy outcomes and higher risk of unintended pregnancies. Postpartum contraceptive services are often inadequate to meet their needs. Co-design has shown to reduce health inequities, yet little is known about using this method for postpartum contraceptive service development and even less in collaborating with immigrant populations. The aim of this paper is to describe the co-design process and the strategies that were developed to help develop tailored and acceptable postpartum contraceptive services for immigrant women in Sweden.MethodsThe paper describes a co-design process that took place during 2022–2023, including the cyclical digital consultations with Arabic and Somali speaking immigrant women, midwives and researchers, as well as the outputs from the process. The theoretical framework for the co-design process was the ‘Double Diamond’ Design Process Model. Data analysis included qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe co-design process led to the joint development of intervention materials and strategies to improve postpartum contraceptive services. Specifically, the process revealed ideas on how to improve contraceptive counseling within three pre-identified areas of change: improve physical access to contraceptive services; improved communication strategies using visual aids and information charts; and empowerment strategies that focus on reflective practice without assumptions about what a group of women might expect. We found that participants contributed actively to the process with ideas and suggestions, and that the co-design process facilitated positive reflections on ongoing counseling practices.ConclusionThe co-design process resulted in the successful and participative development of innovative tools and activities to improve contraceptive counseling services. This approach is original because it involves both immigrant women, often left behind, and midwives delivering the services. Whilst this interplay allowed for careful refinement of services and tools by using an iterative process, it also facilitated reflective midwifery practice.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЖИТТЄЗДАТНОСТІ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПОДОЛАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

Decentralization of power in Ukraine is one of the priority reforms of the modern state system, which has caused serious changes in the financial and innovation policy of territorial communities, and also acts as an institutional basis for the economic progress of territories, which requires an in-depth analysis of the financial capacity of territorial units and their innovative activity to identify potential and threats on the way to sustainable development. The purpose of the research is theoretical substantiation and development of management approaches to eliminate financial and innovative challenges of territorial units in conditions of decentralization of power, in particular in Transcarpathian region, as well as providing practical recommendations on strengthening local budgets and promoting innovative progress. The object of the research is the financial self-sufficiency and innovative activity of the territorial units of Ukraine, in particular the Transcarpathian region. The methods of the research used in the research are general scientific methods, in particular, historical, dialectical, comparative, phenomenological, systemic analysis and the method of generalization. The hypothesis of the research is that effective management of financial resources and purposeful development of innovative activity in territorial communities will contribute to stable economic growth in conditions of decentralization. The statement of basic materials. The decentralization of power in Ukraine has led to significant changes in the financial and innovation policy of territorial communities, providing greater autonomy in the management of local budgets and increasing responsibility for their effective use. In Transcarpathian region, the reform process took place more slowly due to the uneven distribution of resources and economic assets, which limited the even development of communities. Despite these difficulties, decentralization has created conditions for strengthening financial independence and stimulating innovation at the local level. During 2021-2022, a general increase in revenues to the budgets of territorial communities was observed, in particular due to the contributions of six districts of Transcarpathia, which confirms the positive impact of the reform on economic development. However, the war in Ukraine negatively affected the financial capacity of communities, creating new challenges that require innovative solutions and adaptation to ensure sustainable economic growth. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the development of management mechanisms for overcoming financial and innovative challenges of territorial communities, in particular in the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Decentralization of power is a positive change for the financial and innovative development of territorial communities, as it has managed to significantly increase their self-sufficiency. Further scientific research should focus on a more detailed thorough analysis of the impact of decentralization on the financial capacity of territorial communities of the Transcarpathian region, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of existing and potential innovative strategies at the local level.

Current state of development of innovation activity at the enterprises of manufacturing industry

The article "The current state of development of innovation activity in manufacturing enterprises" examines the level and dynamics of innovation activity in Kazakhstan, focusing on manufacturing enterprises. The authors analyse the existing theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "innovation activity", study the state support of SMEs in this area and analyse statistical data on innovation activity in medium- and high-tech sectors of the manufacturing industry in Kazakhstan. The study identifies a number of problems: low level of innovation activity of enterprises, inefficiency of innovation expenditures, as well as a number of factors limiting the development of innovation activities, such as lack of demand for innovation, lack of financial resources, market uncertainty and lack of qualified personnel. The article offers a number of recommendations to improve the situation: the need for a systematic approach to the technological modernisation of industries, open discussion of the results of state programmes, adequate assessment of enterprises' capabilities for innovative development and setting target indicators.

Коммерциализация результатов интеллектуальной деятельности через создание малых инновационных пред-приятий в российских университетах

The article analyzes the trends in the creation of the results of intellectual activity of universities of the Russian Federa-tion. It is proved that higher educational institutions have great scientific and commercial potential, annually demon-strating the positive dynamics of applications for intellectual property and a high level of development of internal in-novation activities. Schemes of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity through the creation of small innovative enterprises have been developed, recommended for use under various initial conditions and providing the possibility of long-term strategic planning at the stage of creating a small innovative enterprise.

A Change in Event Tourism: Developing Business Model for Sulayau Fabric as Community-Based Tourism Event Attraction

This study explores the best model for community-based tourism events (CBTE) model with the inclusion of social innovation as part of the process. Producing Sulayau fabric is seen as a factor that contributes to the development of social innovation activities among the community in Sabah. Two workshops were conducted to empower communities to understand the use of the new social innovation tool known as Memating and gave support to those communities to improve the quality of their participation in tourism. Semi-structured interviews and observation were used as data collection techniques. The results revealed two interesting findings the need for using the social innovation tool of Memating in increasing efficiency among craft traders and the need for marketing strategies in creating visibility of Sulayau fabric in Sabah. Future studies are required for an empirical discussion in understanding how the role of social innovation shapes community-based tourism events.

Do global innovation networks influence the status of global value chains? Based on a patent cooperation network perspective

Under the impact of economic globalization, the internationalization of production and trade has given rise to global value chains (GVCs) and global innovation networks (GINs); however, few studies have explored the link between these two networks. This paper constructs a global innovation cooperation network based on patent cooperation data and then analyzes the impact of different network characteristics on improving global value chain status. Empirical research shows that the characteristics of GINs significantly affect GVC status; the higher the eigenvector centrality and network connectivity, the higher the country’s GVC status. Moreover, a higher degree of constraint is associated with a lower GVC status for the country concerned. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals apparent differences in the impact of GINs on different countries, manifesting as a catalytic effect in developed countries and as a disincentive in emerging economies; the effect is less apparent in developing countries. This paper provides theoretical support for the development of technological innovation activities and provides a reference for government departments to formulate policies on cross-border technological innovation cooperation.

Some aspects of state support of innovation processes in the region

The development of innovative activity of economicentities is one of the main objectives of the state policy.State instruments for support and development ofinnovation activity should provide support at all stagesof the innovation life cycle, from idea generation tosuccessful commercialisation of innovative products, andthe maximum effect will be achieved only taking intoaccount the integration of all participants of theinnovation process - from scientists and entrepreneursinnovatorsto venture funds and innovative enterprises.The innovation economy, based on scientific knowledgeand intellectual potential, is able to ensure the expandedreproduction of knowledge-intensive gross product ofboth the region and the country as a whole. The development of innovation processes is impossiblewithout the generation of new ideas, knowledge, projectinitiation at the initial stages of the innovation cycle, andwithout the use of venture capital investments at the finalstages. This problem is most difficult to solve in theregions, due to significant differences in their socioeconomicdevelopment, level of competence of scientificschools, sectoral specifics, level of concentration ofindustrial potential, including due to insufficientjustification of the directions of further development ofregions - innovation leaders. In order to support subprocessesrelated to resource provision, regionalauthorities can, on the basis of budgetary resources, forminnovation infrastructure institutions, such as: businessincubators, business accelerators, seed funds,technoparks, etc.; finance various innovation projects;invest in the development of human and intellectualcapital - in education, for training personnel ininnovation management, breakthrough scientifictechnologies, in the part of personnel training of thehighest level. At the same time, we need a promising model of longterminnovation development, which implies a gradualtransition from state to market-based instruments ofdevelopment and support of innovation activity,including innovation infrastructure functioning onmarket conditions.

The Institute of Applied Physics – leader in the field for 60 years

It describes the 60-year history of the Institute of Applied Physics of the State University of Moldova and its main milestones: formation of the basic laboratories and production sectors, pilot production, and launching the journal „Elektronnaya obrabotka materialov” (Electronic Processing of Materials), consolidation of the scientific potential, training of highly qualified personnel, organization of conferences, effective cooperation, participation in national and international projects, scientific schools, development of activity ensuring a closed cycle - from basic research to applied research, to widely used technologies and technical means, main aspects of optimizing the structure, updating the research theme, development of innovative activities. It is stressed that the Institute of Applied Physics, with its traditions, experience and aspirations, has been and remains open to those who wish to pursue their doctoral and postdoctoral studies or to collaborate with its well-coordinated team.

The Use of Information Technology in SMEs: Advantages and Main Challenges

Abstract From the beginning of the 20th century, a lot of research has been conducted on how SMEs contribute to the development of innovative activities and vice versa, on how new technologies and innovation have the potential to influence small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Nowadays, given the highly competitive and dynamic business environment, SMEs are constantly and actively trying to find ways to keep up with the latest developments, which is not always an easy task. Digital technologies and innovation in business administration and other related fields are key attributes that can be seen as essential elements in the field of entrepreneurship. Thus, digitization has become a crucial factor in the business world, and its impact on SMEs cannot be neglected. Nonetheless, company size, capital and resources seem to limit SMEs’ ability to adopt digital technologies. However, countless studies argue that a smaller firm size allows SMEs to be more flexible to change. Therefore, both digital progress and innovation have become highly relevant tools for businesses to improve their performance, reduce their costs and increase their efficiency, and are seen as key factors for competitiveness, development and economic growth. With this paper we understand how Romania, with its expanding economy and support for entrepreneurs, has the potential to be a relevant player in the digital economy, although its current ranking on the level of digitization and innovation is considerably lower than the EU average.

INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CONTENT AND MAIN ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

In the conditions of rapid technological changes and global competition, innovative entrepreneurship is gaining priority. It helps business entities to adapt to new challenges, reduce risks and find new niches for development. This is especially important for economies seeking to achieve a high level of technological independence and sustainability. At the same time, innovative entrepreneurship is a powerful tool for social change, because it contributes to the development of human capital, the creation of new jobs and the improvement of the quality of life of the population. The development of innovative entrepreneurship requires a comprehensive approach, which includes not only funding and support from the state, but also the development of appropriate infrastructure, educational programs, and stimulation of scientific research. Thus, innovative entrepreneurship becomes one of the key elements of economic policy, which determines the strategic priorities of the country's development and forms the basis for sustainable economic growth in the long term. The development of innovative entrepreneurship depends on many factors. The latter can both stimulate and restrain the process of introducing innovations. It is important for business entities to take these factors into account when developing innovative development strategies. As practice shows, the main factors that prevent the effective development of innovative activity in today's conditions are the lack of funding and the lack of effective incentives for its development, the high cost of the necessary resources, their partial or complete absence, a high degree of risk of failure in the implementation of innovative projects, political and economic instability, rapid technological changes. For the successful management of innovative entrepreneurship, it is important for business entities to take these factors into account in order to minimize their impact. This can be achieved by combining the efforts of the scientific community, business structures and the state.

What's the catch? Trade-off challenges in early design for sustainability

AbstractTrade-offs involving multiple criteria that cannot be satisfied at the same time are ubiquitous in engineering design activities. Navigating trade-off decisions can be challenging, especially when it comes to sustainability-related decisions in early-stage projects. Through a systematic literature review, we unravel the challenges related to sustainability trade-offs in technology development, concept design, and other front-end of innovation activities. The challenges, which were evaluated by experts from industry and academia, range from technical and organisational to psychological aspects.

Fundamentals of the development of innovation and investment activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan

The article starts by highlighting the significance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Kazakhstan economy, emphasizing their role as drivers of innovation, job creation, and overall economic development. It discusses the challenges faced by SMEs in accessing finance, technology, and markets, which often hinder their ability to innovate and invest effectively. Moreover, the article delves into the regulatory and institutional frameworks governing SMEs in Kazakhstan, examining the policies and initiatives aimed at fostering a conductive environment for innovation and investment. It explores government support programs, tax incentives, and regulatory reforms designed to stimulate SME growth and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the paper explores the importance of fostering collaboration and partnerships between SMEs, larger enterprises, research institutions, and government agencies to promote innovation and investment. It discusses the role of industry clusters, innovation hubs, and incubators in facilitating knowledge exchange, networking, and access to resources for SMEs. The article also examines the role of education and skills development in enhancing the innovative capacity of SMEs in Kazakhstan. It highlights the need for targeted training programs, capacity–building initiatives, and entrepreneurship education to equip SMEs with the necessary skills and knowledge to innovate and compete in a globalized economy. Additionally, the article explores the potential of digitalization and technology adoption in driving innovation and investment among Kazakhstan SMEs. It discusses the opportunities presented by digital platforms, e–commerce, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain in enhancing SME productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness.

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AND CREATIVITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS

Sustainable development becomes a strategic goal of modern business organizations and an aspiration to ensure long-term economic growth through the creation of innovative products and services, saving resources and their sustainable use, nurturing the environment, and contributing to the creation of public welfare. It should be noted that communication and creativity constitutes a significant part of the innovation generation and implementation process. Promotion of idea generation, the interpretation of the need for innovation, the provision of opportunities for expressing new ideas, the development of relationships both within the team itself and with stakeholders are important in each phase of communication. The article presents the research, the purpose of which is to determine how creative communication solutions condition the involvement of the organization’s stakeholders, developing sustainability and creating sustainable innovations in Lithuanian business organizations. The applied research method is qualitative content analysis of the web pages of the largest Lithuanian business organizations, seeking to collect data on the essential organization of sustainable innovation development activities, challenges and features of stakeholder involvement. The data required for the research was collected by reviewing the publicly available information of 100 websites of Lithuanian business organizations in order to determine the essential communicated sustainability topics. Documents related to sustainable activities of organizations were also investigated (sustainability performance reports, corporate social responsibility reports, etc.). The results of the study show that Lithuanian business organizations consider the development of a sustainable activity strategy an important priority in the near term. However, although they understand the need for sustainable activities, developing sustainable innovations by involving stakeholders in these activities is difficult due to the lack of such practices and various organizational factors.

On the Classification of Regions of the Russian Federation by Level of Socio-Economic Development and Innovation Activity Index

The purpose of the study is to form an effective tool for classifying the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of innovation activity under technological constraints.Materials and methods. The information and empirical base of the research consists of Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, normative legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, and open set of statistical data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service. The study provides a multidimensional classification of Russian regions using an indicative analysis of the innovative potential of territories and their socio-economic development, clustering by the Ward method and the Euclidean distance metric, as well as analysis, comparison and illustration of the results obtained using methods of visualizing information in tabular, graphical form, including the usage of cartograms.Results. While creating a model of typologization of Russian regions, a system of indicative indexes with both qualitative and quantitative characteristics was formed. Based on them, cluster analysis identifies five clusters of regions according to the level of innovation activity and socio-economic development, which is based on the final weighted average index (Iiv) of development. The results of the study determine the effectiveness of the author’s approach to the issue of typologization of regions, and emphasize the visibility and interactivity of the tools used within the framework of the model. The use of cluster and comparative analysis using weighted average indexes makes it possible to identify non-obvious patterns between the innovative activity of the region and its level of development, as well as to emphasize intuitively expected connections. All this can form a practical basis for developing effective strategies for regional development and improving the quality of life of the population.Conclusion. The study highlights the importance of analyzing the innovative activity of regions in modern conditions of sanctions wars and restrictions on technological imports. The developed model is a comprehensive tool for analyzing the innovative potential and level of development of regions, which allows identifying key factors of innovation activity and potential growth points, and thereby helping to form the basis for the development of strategies and programs for regional development aimed at improving the standard of living of the population.

Innovation Ecosystem as a Factor in Sustainable Development of the Regional Economy

Relevance. The innovation ecosystem is currently the vector for the development of innovation activity in the regional economic system. In the context of the emergence of destabilizing external factors and economic instability in the state, innovative activity acquires a key role associated with the formation of economic stability at the macro, meso and micro levels, helping to counter external threats and challenges. It has a particular influence on the development of the regional economic system, ensuring the growth of the level of enterprises and economic sectors through the production of high-tech products. Thus, stimulating the growth of competitiveness, both at the level of enterprises and the region as a whole. The innovation ecosystem is a condition for achieving the effectiveness of innovation, thanks to the process management system in the innovation cycle, from the generation and production of an innovative product, to its implementation and promotion, thereby expressing the relevance and practical significance of this phenomenon in conditions of economic instability. The purpose of the study was to determine the functional characteristics and influence of the innovation ecosystem on the processes of innovation in the region, as a necessary condition for the integration of elements of the Concept of Sustainable Development.Objectives. The study set and consistently solved the following objectives: conduct a theoretical review of the concept of “innovation ecosystem” and study approaches to its theoretical understanding; identify its structural units and relationships between its elements and formulate a model of the functioning of the region’s innovation ecosystem; assess the impact of the innovation ecosystem in the process of integrating elements of sustainable development and test it using the example of the Vladimir region.Methodology. The work used methods of statistical, graphical and logical analysis, generalization, and systematization of data.Results. Based on a theoretical review, a model of the functioning of the region's innovation infrastructure was obtained, and its influence was determined when integrating elements of the Concept of Sustainable Development into the regional economic system of the Vladimir region.Conclusions. When conducting the study, it was concluded that the integration of the innovation ecosystem into the regional economic system helps to increase the indicators of innovative products produced, and will create conditions for the implementation of the goals of the concept of sustainable development in the region.

Development of regional economic infrastructure based on innovation

Object: The purpose of this article is to consider the development of regional innovation activity: principles, objectives, operational elements, and approaches to managing the development of innovation activity at the regional level. Methods: The research uses methods of statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and graphs. Findings: The key results of the study are summarized in the following conclusions: 1) The study examines the main factors of competitiveness, their impact, and relevance to increasing competitiveness in the regional socio-economic system. 2) The study shows that the region has difficulty accepting and developing innovations and that the level of innovation is not yet at the proper level. 3) It was presented that innovation and logistics have a huge impact on the competitiveness of the region. 4) The growth rates of the number of innovative products and the growth rates of the share of large and medium-sized companies using digital technologies in the industry have been determined. Conclusions: A detailed description of innovations in the region makes it possible to compare the levels of development of the innovation sphere in the region. The detection of the dependence of the subjects of economic relations on the conditions proposed in the study makes it possible to establish the characteristics of innovative interaction together with the external and internal components of the innovation process of the regional economy.

Development of innovative activity of universities: domestic and international experience

The Republic of Kazakhstan has adopted the State Program of Industrial and Innovative Development for 2020-2025, the purpose of which is to achieve the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in the domestic and foreign markets. The success of the implementation of this program largely depends on the combined efforts of university science, the potential of research institutes, business, with state support in the field of budget financing and in other areas. The purpose of the study is to identify the challenges facing the modern Kazakh higher education system in the context of economic modernization to increase its sustainability and competitiveness. In this regard, special attention is paid to the innovative component of any field of activity. The article, based on the study of world experience, identifies the main problems that hinder innovation activity at universities in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations on how to overcome them. As the pace of discovery and competition accelerates at the global level, universities are creating a culture in which entrepreneurship and innovative thinking are encouraged. Students under the guidance of teachers actively develop startups, striving to change society for the better by participating in social entrepreneurship. Innovative activities of universities are accompanied by the establishment of partnerships with leading companies and research institutes. The article presents the experience of leading universities in the USA, as well as universities in Central and Eastern Europe, Tokyo University (Japan) to increase the innovation activity of Kazakhstani universities. Traditional methods of analysis and synthesis, logical thinking, systematization and generalization of accumulated material were used to uncover the issues under study.

СЦЕНАРІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕЗЕРВІВ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ З ОРІЄНТАЦІЄЮ НА ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК

The article notes the priority tasks and goals of enterprises in the service sector, the solution of which requires the use of progressive approaches, and the formation of reserves is attributed to them. It is emphasized that the formation of reserves is the main element of ensuring the economic efficiency of entrepreneurial activity, and it is especially important when the strengthening of innovative development is expected. Depending on the industry, the scenarios for the formation of enterprise reserves may differ and, accordingly, require a thorough theoretical-methodical and scientific-applied justification. The absence of a universal approach to the formation of reserves for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the service sector, which would simultaneously focus on the development of innovative activities, was revealed. It is important for enterprises in the service sector to master universal approaches to the formation of reserves, which allow both to ensure economic efficiency, innovative development, and to strengthen the readiness to overcome existential challenges and threats. It is appropriate to follow a structural approach, according to which the allocation of reserves will take place according to clear criteria, according to the principles of balance and rationality. It is suggested that the formation of reserves for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the service sector with an orientation towards innovative development should be carried out according to price and marketing policy scenarios. The tools of price policy include sales, lending, discounting, break-even, high and target prices, etc. Instead, in the marketing policy, priority is given to tools such as diversification of services, brand management, benchmarking, digitalization, technological cooperation, etc.

INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AS A SYSTEM-FORMING FACTOR IN INCREASE OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISES

The article examines the impact of innovative activity of a business entity on the state of its competitiveness in the agro-industrial complex. The essence of the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is highlighted, its features and key differences are revealed. The problems of the external environment affecting the implementation of innovative technologies at agricultural enterprises, in particular at the state level in terms of the implementation and development of an effective mechanism for stimulating the development of innovative activities, are highlighted. Particular attention was paid to the identification of «green» innovative approaches that contribute to increased productivity without harming the environment.

Research of the mechanism of innovation implementation in the activities of Russian enterprises

In the conditions of globalization and development of information technologies, the competition of enterprises on national and international scales is significantly aggravated, which determines the importance of ensuring competitive advantages for any enterprise through innovation. In modern conditions, the effectiveness of innovation activity of the enterprise and, accordingly, its competitiveness depends primarily on the completeness and reliability of business information about the activities of counterparties and the conditions of the external environment. The value of informing about possible changes in the business environment has a manifestation through the prevention of tactical and strategic errors of enterprise management. Innovative development is the basis of competitiveness of modern economies, which provides the possibility of accelerated growth at macro- and micro-levels on the basis of creation and strengthening of intellectual potential in the global business environment. Despite the presence of significant conditions for qualitative changes on an innovative basis, the Russian Federation continues to be in a complex highly turbulent period of unstable growth. Therefore, the task of domestic economic science is to find mechanisms for the implementation of modern management of innovative development in the practice of enterprises in the Russian Federation, systematizing and developing its methodology. This requires an in-depth scientific study in the direction of searching for conceptual foundations for the activation of innovative development of enterprises to make a technological leap in the Russian Federation, in particular, on the basis of attracting breakthrough innovations, modern concepts of knowledge management, formation of relevant business models, management of high added value processes and the use of information and communication technologies in the digital space.