Development Of Immunotherapeutic Interventions Research Articles

The immune responses to different Uropathogens call individual interventions for bladder infection.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens is the most common infectious disease and significantly affects all aspects of the quality of life of the patients. However, uropathogens are increasingly becoming antibiotic-resistant, which threatens the only effective treatment option available-antibiotic, resulting in higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. Currently, people are turning their attention to the immune responses, hoping to find effective immunotherapeutic interventions which can be alternatives to the overuse of antibiotic drugs. Bladder infections are caused by the main nine uropathogens and the bladder executes different immune responses depending on the type of uropathogens. It is essential to understand the immune responses to diverse uropathogens in bladder infection for guiding the design and development of immunotherapeutic interventions. This review firstly sorts out and comparatively analyzes the immune responses to the main nine uropathogens in bladder infection, and summarizes their similarities and differences. Based on these immune responses, we innovatively propose that different microbial bladder infections should adopt corresponding immunomodulatory interventions, and the same immunomodulatory intervention can also be applied to diverse microbial infections if they share the same effective therapeutic targets.

Characterization of peanut-reactive monoclonal antibodies (HYP7P.265)

Abstract Peanut allergies are a rising concern in Western society. Incidence and prevalence of affected children has tripled from 1997 to 2010. The exact cause for this increase is unknown, but lack of exposure to pathogens and increasing hygienic conditions has been implicated. Exposure to peanuts causes the immune system to become sensitized to peanut proteins. Subsequent exposure to peanuts causes hypersensitivity reactions which may escalate to anaphylaxis and death. The only course of prevention is complete avoidance. Limiting peanut exposure is difficult as even trace amounts of peanut (100µg-50mg; 1 peanut ≈ 1g) consumed can cause a reaction. Immunotherapies aim to increase the tolerance of these severely allergic individuals. Current approaches are limited to certain populations and are potentially dangerous. Better therapeutics require thorough characterization of peanut proteins responsible for peanut allergies. In this study, C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized to crude peanut extract (CPE). The mice were then exposed to CPE to induce a hypersensitive reaction. Hybridomas were generated , characterized for antibody production, subtype, and screened for peanut-specific immunoreactivity, as well as specific peanut proteins believed to be involved with peanut allergies. Characterization of peanut-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) may aid in the identification of immunodominant epitopes and lead to/aid in the development of immunotherapeutic interventions.