Development Of Hydrogen Energy Research Articles

Technical and economic analysis of a hybrid PV/wind energy system for hydrogen refueling stations

In recent years, the construction of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) has been in full swing. However, irrational configuration and design can increase the operation and maintenance costs of HRSs and reduce their overall energy conversion efficiency. This paper introduces the configuration optimization of a hybrid PV/wind energy system for hydrogen refueling stations. Firstly, the distribution of hydrogen refueling demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) in different time periods was simulated by the Monte Carlo method according to the driving rules of HFCVs. Then a model of renewable energy HRS was established in Homer, the purpose is to provide energy supply service for HFCVs through hydrogen production by electrolysis of water from renewable energy generation. Based on this, a load demand response model is developed. Finally, the best system configuration under different scenarios is obtained with the objective of minimizing the total net present cost (NPC). Through simulation calculations, the results show that the system configuration is more economically feasible after considering the demand response. The best system configuration was a grid-connected system containing a 548 kW PV, 1040 kW WT, 600 kW electrolyzer, and 600 kg hydrogen tanks This renewable energy system has the lowest NPC of $8,351,442 and produces 40,000 kg of green hydrogen annually. The sensitivity analysis also shows that with the advancement of hydrogen energy development and technology, the system will bring multiple benefits such as environmental protection and economic benefits in the future.

Fabrication of Ceramic Microchannels with Periodic Corrugated Microstructures as Catalyst Support for Hydrogen Production via Diamond Wire Sawing.

Hydrogen energy is the clean energy with the most potential in the 21st century. The microchannel reactor for methanol steam reforming (MSR) is one of the effective ways to obtain hydrogen. Ceramic materials have the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength, and are ideal materials for preparing the catalyst support in microchannel reactors. However, the structure of ceramic materials is hard and brittle, and the feature size of microchannel is generally not more than 1 mm, which is difficult to process using traditional processing methods. Diamond wire saw processing technology is mainly used in the slicing of hard and brittle materials such as sapphire and silicon. In this paper, a microchannel with a periodic corrugated microstructure was fabricated on a ceramic plate using diamond wire sawing, and then as a catalyst support when used in a microreactor for MSR hydrogen production. The effects of wire speed and feed speed on the amplitude and period size of the periodic corrugated microstructure were studied using a single-factor experiment. The microchannel surface morphology was observed via SEM and a 3D confocal laser microscope under different processing parameters. The microchannel samples obtained under different processing parameters were supported by a multiple impregnation method. The loading strength of the catalyst was tested via a strong wind purge experiment. The experimental results show that the periodic corrugated microstructure can significantly enhance the load strength of the catalyst. The microchannel catalyst support with the periodic corrugated microstructure was put into the microreactor for a hydrogen production experiment, and a good hydrogen production effect was obtained. The experimental results have a positive guiding effect on promoting ceramic materials as the microchannel catalyst support for the development of hydrogen energy.

Analyzing the hydrogen energy development policies of leading countries

Subject. The article investigates the development of hydrogen production technologies and use of renewable energy sources. Objectives. The focus is on assessing prospects for hydrogen energy development in the USA, Russia, China, and Germany. Methods. The study employed methods of comparative analysis. Results. We established that the development of hydrogen energy promotes carbon neutrality and the shaping of energy structure of the future. Conclusions. The cost of hydrogen production remains the main problem that hinders the widespread use of hydrogen energy.

Coordinated Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers and Alkaline Electrolyzers for a Wind-to-Hydrogen Islanded Microgrid

In recent years, the development of hydrogen energy has been widely discussed, particularly in combination with renewable energy sources, enabling the production of “green” hydrogen. With the significant increase in wind power generation, a promising solution for obtaining green hydrogen is the development of wind-to-hydrogen (W2H) systems. However, the high proportion of wind power and electrolyzers in a large-scale W2H system will bring about the problem of renewable energy consumption and frequency stability reduction. This paper analyzes the operational characteristics and economic feasibility of mainstream electrolyzers, leading to the proposal of a coordinated hydrogen production scheme involving both a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and an alkaline (ALK) electrolyzer. Subsequently, a coordinated control based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed for system frequency regulation in a large-scale W2H islanded microgrid. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the system under PEM/ALK electrolyzers coordinated control not only flexibly accommodates fluctuating wind power but also maintains frequency stability in the face of large disturbances. Compared with the traditional system with all ALK electrolyzers, the frequency deviation of this system is reduced by 25%, the regulation time is shortened by 80%, and the demand for an energy storage system (ESS) is reduced. The result validates the effectiveness of MPC and the benefits of the PEM/ALK electrolyzers coordinated hydrogen production scheme.

Roadmap for Greening the Economy of Turkmenistan

Over the past decades, interest in renewable energy has grown, this is due to the aggravation of climate change. The emerging trend of decarbonization of the world economy, including transport and energy, which are one of the main sources of air pollution with carbon dioxide emissions. The article discusses issues of climate change, decarbonization scenario, a road map for “greening” the economy, and presents a brief analysis of trends in the development of hydrogen energy and the importance of the development of “green” hydrogen in the world and in Turkmenistan. The main attention is paid to the prospects and scale of development of hydrogen energy to a certain extent will depend on the characteristics of the hydrogen sources proposed for use ­, primary energy sources and hydrogen production technologies, environmental consequences when using different approaches to hydrogen production, expected costs for hydrogen production, potential consumers and volumes of hydrogen consumption within the country and abroad, technologies for storing and delivering hydrogen to consumers, the competitiveness of hydrogen as an energy carrier in the domestic and foreign markets, taking into account all the necessary costs and a potential “transboundary carbon ­tax”.

Analysis of the Problems and Reasons for the Development of Suzhou Hydrogen Energy Industry and Industrial Policies

In recent years, although there have been some policy plans related to hydrogen energy development in China, a complete fiscal policy system has not yet been established. In policies related to hydrogen energy, we cannot keep up with the times. Only some policies are specifically targeted at solar photovoltaic and wind power generation, and some policies are even temporary. These fiscal policies are severely lagging and lack uniformity, which not only weakens the overall effect of the money supply, but also to some extent hinders the healthy and rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry. In addition, the national development plan, including national and local plans, cannot be well connected, resulting in some policies not forming strong support for hydrogen energy. In these industrial plans, production capacity targets account for the majority, but there is a lack of refinement of utilization targets and little mention of the development balance of the industrial chain.

Analysis of Current Utilization of Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen energy is recognized as a clean energy with the characteristics of convenient storage and transportation, diverse utilization ways, and a high utilization rate. It can help to solve the energy crisis, global warming, and environmental pollution. At present, many countries have listed hydrogen energy as an important part of the national energy system. This paper comprehensively considers the application of hydrogen energy in the field of energy and chemical industry, and summarizes the utilization status of hydrogen energy in the country and abroad as a clean renewable energy carrier in fuel cell vehicles and fuel cell forklifts. The utilization of hydrogen clean energy as an energy carrier is conducive to the collaborative development of renewable energy. It is pointed out that hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and fuel cell technology are still the key factors restricting the development of hydrogen energy.

A Case Study of Maritime Hydrogen Energy Development in Jiangsu Province in China

This study aims to develop a systematic review of hydrogen energy storage technologies and maritime applications, intending to present an international perspective on the matter. This study analyses the role of advanced storage methods in enabling renewable energy systems integration in coastal regions, using Jiangsu Province of China as an example. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used as the research method. Data was obtained from research studies over the period 2015–2023. The analysis included a total of 96 papers from Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases. Results show that Europe and East Asia led publications at the intersection of hydrogen storage and marine applications over the past decade. One of the main issues associated with maritime hydrogen adoption found in the dissertation is related to the mismatch between technological readiness levels and commercial maturity. Findings indicate promise for fuel cell integration with ships, ports, offshore wind farms, and other coastal transport sectors. However, the realization of the project depends on infrastructure development, policy support, and viable business models tailored to the marine environment. Focused demonstration projects and public-private collaboration can further progress towards robust hydrogen-based energy storage ecosystems in suitable regions like Jiangsu and beyond.

A Study on the Experience of Hydrogen Energy Research and Development in Suzhou City

Through the exploration of advanced models of the hydrogen energy industry both domestically and internationally, it has been found that many developed countries abroad attach great importance to the hydrogen energy industry and provide policies that greatly help the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Whether it is funding, talent, or related supporting laws, they are relatively complete to help enterprises develop hydrogen energy. Beijing, Zhangjiakou, Foshan, and Yunfu cities in China have advanced experience in the construction of hydrogen energy industrial parks. Their park construction not only conforms to local characteristics, but also brings different changes to their surrounding areas, providing favorable assistance for the development and expansion of hydrogen energy.

TODAY'S REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRO ENERGY IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE

Traditional fossil fuels have a detrimental effect on the global environmental situation, which leads to stricter standards for environmental protection. Therefore, in recent years there has been a need to develop and master new technologies that make it possible to generate, store and transmit energy without or while minimizing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, primarily CO2, which is referred to as the so-called “carbon footprint”. An emerging branch of global energy - hydrogen energy - is based on the use of a compound such as hydrogen as a means for accumulating, transporting, producing and consuming energy. Hydrogen is expected to transform the economy in four main application areas: transportation, industry, energy and utilities. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main trends and criteria for the successful development of global hydrogen energy, as well as to consider the state and prospects for the development of the emerging global and Ukrainian hydrogen energy markets. The article analyzes the development of the hydrogen energy market, discusses national programs to support this new branch of world energy and pilot hydrogen projects. Issues of production, consumption, accumulation, storage and transportation of hydrogen are considered. Ukraine is one of the EU's priority partners in the future hydrogen economy, as it has the necessary capacity for hydrogen production - both for domestic consumption and for export. In 2021, the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine joined the European Pure Hydrogen Alliance. Ukraine's potential for hydrogen production is currently being investigated. The possibility of using the national GTS for hydrogen transportation to Europe is also being studied. The results of the targeted comprehensive program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine regarding the creation of new materials, technological processes, structures and systems that could become the basis for the widespread introduction of hydrogen technologies in Ukraine are presented. An assessment of the state of the global and Ukrainian hydrogen markets and the prospects for their development in the coming years is provided.

Coupled amorphous NiFeP/cystalline Ni3S2 nanosheets enables accelerated reaction kinetics for high current density seawater electrolysis

Rational designing efficient, low-cost and corrosion resistant electrocatalysts is a crucial priority for seawater electrolysis to give impetus to the development of hydrogen energy and carbon neutrality. Herein, an amorphous NiFeP/crystalline Ni3S2 (NiFeP/Ni3S2) heterojunction catalyst is legitimately constructed for seawater electrolysis. Such structure improves the conductivity of amorphous NiFeP and optimizes the electronic structure by keeping the metal active sites in a relatively high valence state. In situ/ex situ experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the amorphous/crystal heterostructure accelerates the reconstruction and reaction kinetics of catalysts, reducing the energy barrier for potential-determining step and leading to improved intrinsic activity. The constructed NiFeP/Ni3S2 shows the overpotential of 354 mV to drive current density of 800 mA cm−2 in the alkaline medium. Besides, under 100 mA cm−2, NiFeP/Ni3S2 can run stably for 600 hours in seawater electrolyte without any hypochlorite production, demonstrating its excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance.

The state of the market of hydrogen raw materials in Russia and the world

The study analyses the current state and prospects of hydrogen energy and its impact on macro- and microeconomic indicators both development in Russia and in the world as a whole. The article describes the most promising hydrogen production methods as the ne west renewable energy resource such as electrolysis, steam reforming of methane, coal gasification, and pyrolysis. The countries that have achieved the most significant results in scientific development and technological production of hydrogen for its further utilization have been highlighted. Based on the analysis of hydrogen energy development concepts adopted in developed countries (China, Japan, India, and European Union countries), a hydrogen energy development detailed forecast for each country highlighted in the article has been made. Special attention has been paid to the concept of hydrogen energy development in Russia, approved by M. V. Mishustin on August 5, 2021. Possible ways of hydrogen energy development in Russia have been analyzed. A detailed forecast of hydrogen energy development in the world up to 2030 based on the hydrogen raw materials import and export analysis results carried out by the leading countries of the world has been presented. The risks have been listed, as well as the requirements for problem solving in implementing projects to introduce hydrogen into the energy balance of Russia.

Hydrogen leakage source positioning method in deep belief network based on fully confined space Gaussian distribution model

Hydrogen leakage has become the biggest bottleneck restricting the development of hydrogen energy. Accurately locating the leakage is conducive to improving the hydrogen energy safety technology system. In this paper, a deep belief network pre-training and fine-tuning (DBN-PF) leakage source positioning coordinate method based on the fully confined space hydrogen Gaussian distribution model is proposed. Firstly, a fully confined space hydrogen Gaussian distribution model is established, and then a pre-training dataset is generated. The Gaussian-Gaussian Restricted Boltzmann Machine (GGRBM) in Deep Belief Network (DBN) is unsupervised pre-trained layer by layer, and the back propagation (BP) neural network in DBN is supervised pre-trained. Secondly, the hydrogen leakage experiment in the fully confined space was carried out, in which 8 hydrogen concentration sensors (HCSs) were placed on the top of the fully confined space, and the leakage experiment was carried out in sequence at 25 leakage locations. Finally, the HCS experimental data of one leakage location is extracted to fine-tune DBN. The experimental data at the other leakage locations were used to verify the positioning results. The results show that the positioning results average error of the proposed method is 20.62 mm. The average error accounts for 2.97% of the diagonal length of the closed model XY plane. Compared with BP neural network trained directly with the same fine-tuning dataset, the positioning error is reduced by at least 82.37%. Compared with the BP neural network with the same pre-training and fine tuning, the positioning error is reduced by at least 39.31%. The positioning technology developed in this study can achieve good hydrogen leak source location accuracy in a fully confined space only with the help of HCSs and a small amount of data.

Research on the Sealing Mechanism of Split-Liner High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinders

Hydrogen storage is a crucial factor that limits the development of hydrogen energy. This paper proposes using a split liner for the inner structure of a hydrogen storage cylinder. A self-tightening seal is employed to address the sealing problem between the head and the barrel. The feasibility of this structure is demonstrated through hydraulic pressure experiments. The influence laws of the O-ring compression rate, the distance from the straight edge section of the head to the sealing groove, and the thickness of the head on the sealing performance of gas cylinders in this sealing structure are revealed using finite elements analysis. The results show that when the gas cylinder is subjected to medium internal pressure, the maximum contact stress on the O-ring extrusion deformation sealing surface is greater than the medium pressure. There is sufficient contact width, that is, the arc length of the part where the stress on the O-ring contact surface is greater than the medium pressure, so that it can form a good sealing condition. At the same time, increasing the compression ratio of the O-ring and the head’s thickness will help improve the sealing performance, and reducing the distance from the straight edge section of the head to the sealing groove will also improve the sealing performance.

Introducing Ni-N-C ternary nanocomposite as an active material to enhance the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2

The use of Mg-based materials as solid-state hydrogen storage materials can provide a viable solution to the bottleneck hindering the development of hydrogen energy. However, it is necessary to address their excessively stable thermodynamic properties and sluggish kinetic performances. In this study, we prepared a Ni-N-C ternary nanocomposite (designated as Ni@NC) catalyst using Ni-based metal-organic frameworks (Ni-MOFs) as a precursor for catalytic MgH2 hydrogen storage properties. The Ni@NC catalyst exhibited excellent promotion effects on the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and the cycling stability of the Mg-based materials. Notably, the composite exhibited room-temperature hydrogen absorption initiation and an onset dehydrogenation temperature of 188 °C, with complete hydrogenation achieved after holding at 100 °C for 60 min. After undergoing 100 cycles of absorption/dehydrogenation, the capacity retention rate was 99.5 %. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test results indicated that the re-hydrogenated MgH2-Ni@NC composites consist of Mg2NiH4 and MgH2, with corresponding dehydrogenation activation energies of 75.2 and 82.9 kJ mol−1 respectively. The mechanism analysis revealed that Ni@NC was uniformly distributed on the MgH2 surface. During dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation, Mg2NiH4/Mg2Ni “hydrogen pumping” by Ni and MgH2/Mg occurred in situ, the presence of N-C effectively inhibited the expansion of MgH2/Mg, and the enhanced charge transfer effect was facilitated by N in the Ni@NC composite, synergistically enhancing the kinetic performance and cycling stability of MgH2.

Drifting toward Alliance Innovation: Patent Collaboration Relationships and Development in China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry from a Network Perspective

Drifting toward Alliance Innovation: Patent Collaboration Relationships and Development in China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry from a Network Perspective

Dual doping: An emerging strategy to construct efficient metal catalysts for water electrolysis

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is critical for sustainable hydrogen energy development. For enhancing the catalytic performance of metal catalysts, dual doping has attracted enormous interest for its high effectiveness and facile realization. Dual doping is effective for tuning the electronic properties, enhancing the electrical conductivity, populating active sites, and improving the stability of metal catalysts. In this review, recent developments in cation–cation, cation–anion, and anion–anion dual‐doped catalysts for water splitting are comprehensively summarized and discussed. An emphasis is put on illustrating how dual doping regulates the external and internal properties and boosts the catalytic performance of catalysts. Additionally, perspectives are pointed out to guide future research on engineering high‐performance heteroatom‐doped electrocatalysts.

Desirable performance and mechanism of RuPd nanoalloys in catalyzing hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NH3BH3

The dehydrogenation of liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials (such as ammonia borane, AB, NH3BH3) is a promising strategy to develop the promising hydrogen economy. Considering that the self-hydrolysis of AB is nearly impossible at room temperature, it is very worthwhile to search a robust catalyst for this hydrolytic reaction and clarify the catalytic mechanism. In this work, a glucose-derived N/O co-doped and multi-level porous carbon (marked as g-pC, SBET = 1356 m2 g−1, Vtotal = 0.762 cm3 g−1, Smicro = 1079 m2 g−1, Vmicro = 0.427 cm3 g−1) is prepared for confining RuPd alloys. Benefitting from the positive effect of g-pC (such as the particular anchoring and geometric effects on highly and tightly confining RuPd nanoparticles, as well as enhanced hydrophilicity) and the exceptional metal alloy effect, the obtained bimetallic catalysts unveil drastically enhanced catalytic activity in AB hydrolysis compared to the monometallic counterparts. Especially, catalyzed by the optimal Ru0.25Pd0.75@g-pC with a mean alloy size of 1.5 nm (10 mg), the dehydrogenation of 1.00 mmol AB can be finished within 1 min at 303 K in NaOH solution (1.5 M). The corresponding turnover frequency and hydrogen generation rate are calculated to be 541.09 min−1 and 145,950 mL min−1 g−1, respectively. Moreover, about 62% of the initial catalytic activity is still retained even in the 18th cyclic experiment, suggesting the extraordinarily long durability. In addition, the isotopic analyses present a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 3.38, further confirming that the scission of an O-H bond in H2O is the rate-controlling step in this hydrolytic reaction. Our work offers a competitive metal alloy catalyst for generating hydrogen from AB aqueous solution and promote the development and safety utilization of hydrogen energy.

Prospects for the Development of Hydrogen Energy. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

Prospects for the Development of Hydrogen Energy. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

Current Status and Economic Analysis of Green Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain

Under the background of the power system profoundly reforming, hydrogen energy from renewable energy, as an important carrier for constructing a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, is a necessary way to realize the objectives of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. As a strategic energy source, hydrogen plays a significant role in accelerating the clean energy transition and promoting renewable energy. However, the cost and technology are the two main constraints to green hydrogen energy development. Herein, the technological development status and economy of the whole industrial chain for green hydrogen energy “production-storage-transportation-use” are discussed and reviewed. After analysis, the electricity price and equipment cost are key factors to limiting the development of alkaline and proton exchange membrane hydrogen production technology; the quantity, scale and distance of transportation are key to controlling the costs of hydrogen storage and transportation. The application of hydrogen energy is mainly concentrated in the traditional industries. With the gradual upgrading and progress of the top-level design and technology, the application of hydrogen energy mainly including traffic transportation, industrial engineering, energy storage, power to gas and microgrid will show a diversified development trend. And the bottleneck problems and development trends of the hydrogen energy industry chain are also summarized and viewed.