Development Of High-technology Industries Research Articles

The under-loading cascading failure model: a tool for assessing the vulnerability of SME cooperation networks

PurposeThe behavior of the entities in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) cooperation network is influenced by the core enterprise. Addressing the problem of how the network vulnerability changes when the core enterprise is attacked is a challenging topic. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the failure process of SME cooperation networks caused by the failure of the core SME from the perspective of cascading failure.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science & Technology in China, 296 SMEs in Jiangsu province were used to construct an SME cooperation network of technology-based SMEs and an under-loading cascading failure model. The weight-based attack strategy was selected to mimic a deliberate node attack and was used to analyze the vulnerability of the SME cooperation network.FindingsSome important conclusions are obtained from the simulation analysis: (1) The minimum boundary of node enterprises has a negative relationship with networks' invulnerability, while the breakdown probability has an inverted-U relationship with networks' invulnerability. (2) The combined effect of minimum boundary and breakdown probability indicates that the vulnerability of networks is mainly determined by the breakdown probability; while, minimum boundary helps prevent cascading failure occur. Furthermore, according to the case study, adapting capital needs and resilience in the cooperation network is the core problem in improving the robustness of SME cooperation networks.Originality/valueThis research proposed an under-loading cascading failure model to investigate the under-loading failure process caused by the shortage of resources when the core enterprise fails or withdraws from the SME cooperation network. Two key parameters in the proposed model—minimum capacity and breakdown probability—could serve as a guide for research on the vulnerability of SME cooperation networks. Additionally, practical meanings for each parameter in the proposed model are given, to suggest novel insights regarding network protection to facilitate the robustness and vulnerability in real SME cooperation networks.

Exploring the Mechanism of Regional Innovation Factors Driving the Upgrading of High-Tech Industrial Chains

The healthy development of high technology industry is an important strategic support for China to achieve economic take-off, and the rapid upgrading of its level is an important way to realize the effective integration of innovation chain and industrial chain. To this end, this paper explores the development history of China's high-tech industrial chain in song and explores the five-in-one resource factor guarantee system based on technological innovation input, innovation output application, marketization level, investment capacity and government policy support, which provides clearer suggestions for the further upgrading of China's high-tech industrial chain.

How do entrepreneurs and their ventures benefit from prior setbacks: The mediating role of attitude towards failure

By integrating an experiential learning view into an attitude model, we propose that an entrepreneur’s attitude towards failure resulting from a prior setback experience can positively affect a new venture’s commitment to learning. Moreover, the entrepreneur may be exposed to indirect experiential information by gaining access to managerial ties in the venture industry, moderating the influence of prior setback experience on attitudes towards failure. We developed a conceptual model to account for the conditional and indirect effects of an entrepreneur’s setback experience on organisational commitment to learning through the entrepreneur’s attitude towards failure. Using structural equation modelling, we analysed a sample of 143 entrepreneurs located in Western China’s high-technology industrial development zones and found full support for our model. This study provides theoretical and empirical insights into the intertwined relationships between context-specific experiences, individual attitude development and venture outcomes in entrepreneurship.

Institutional environment for the development of regional high-technology industries

Introduction. The effective development of high-technology industries is ensured by a high-quality institutional environment formed at both federal and regional levels. Most works in this field lack a systematic approach and leave room for the further study of the institutional environment for the development of regional high-technology industries. Purpose. The identification of the minimum required framework of the institutional environment that ensures the development of regional high-technology industries. Methodology. In this work we used the following general and special methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalisation, comparison, economic analysis, content analysis, and tabular interpretation of empiric and factual information. Results. We identified key political, legal, economic, and social institutions that influence the development of regional high-technology industries. Conclusions. The institutional environment is a complex and multidimensional system of institutions and their interactions that influence the activities of all economic agents, including innovative and high-technology companies. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the formation of high-quality institutions at both federal and regional levels that will make the interactions in the field of high technologies predictable, decrease transaction costs, and so on.

Research on the Management System of Science and Technology Incubator

Science and technology incubator, as an organization dedicated to serving science and technology enterprises, has many functions, such as cultivating small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, transforming science and technology into productivity, adjusting regional and national industrial structure, promoting the development of high and new technology industries, and promoting employment. Since the emergence of the first business incubator in the United States in the 1950s, this new form of social and economic organization has been developing rapidly all over the world, and has cultivated a large number of successful enterprises, which initially made great contributions to promoting the development of the world economy. However, with the increasing number of science and technology incubators and the rapid development of science and technology enterprises, various problems in the management system and operation mode of science and technology incubators are gradually exposed, which seriously affects the sustainable development of science and technology incubators in China. In view of this, based on the analysis of the current situation of science and technology incubator management in China, this paper puts forward the construction strategy of standardized management system of science and technology incubator in order to promote the scientific development of science and technology incubator in China.

DENİZCİLİK 4.0 VE DENİZCİLİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN BEKLENTİLERİ

As the rapid development of communication and information technologies allows real-time transmission of information, the world is increasingly becoming a global society. In this context, the most developed countries are required to develop their own strategies to encourage the industrial sector to stay up to date and compete in a dynamic and volatile global market in order to maintain its competitive capacity. For this reason, since the path of competitiveness through technological differentiation in industrialization provides a wider and innovative field of research, it reveals the result of a new phase of organization and industrial technology that is beginning to change our relationship with industry, society and human interaction in the business world at present standards. The main target of this study is to reveal the effects of Industry 4.0 on the Maritime sector using with the explanation of the historical development and conceptual framework of today's high technology industry 4.0 and its expectations in maritime sector in the light of the relevant literature. The whole worldwide maritime applications and their reflections on all fields are also the scope of this study. A qualitative descriptive analysis method was conducted to determine the current situation of Maritime Sector which is including Industry 4.0 processes. The findings of this study are Marine-related organizations should be reshaped to meet the needs of the future. Measures and regulations related to the increasing environmental protection sensitivity in the world will directly affect almost every area of the sector. Also, the developing technologies, increasing customer demand and intense competition; it will make the recently introduced Industry 4.0 implementation inevitable.

The User Rights Database: Measuring the Impact of Copyright Balance

International and domestic copyright law reform around the world is increasingly focused on how copyright user rights should be expanded to promote maximum creativity and access to knowledge in the digital age. These efforts are guided by a relatively rich theoretical literature. However, few empirical studies explore the social and economic impact of expanding user rights in the digital era. One reason for this gap has been the absence of a tool measuring the key independent variable – changes in copyright user rights over time and between countries. We developed such a tool, which we call the “User Rights Database.” This paper describes the methodology used to create the Database and the results of empirical tests using it. We find that all of the countries in our study are trending toward more open copyright user rights over time, but the wealthy countries in our sample are about thirty years ahead of developing countries on this measure. We find evidence of benefits that more open copyright user rights generate, including the development of high technology industries and scholarly publication. We do not find evidence that opening user rights causes harm to revenue the of copyright intensive industries like publishing and entertainment. We have released all of the data gathered in this project to the public under an open license to enable its use by other researchers. Our empirical findings are relevant to several major arguments for or against expansions of copyright user rights that one hears frequently in reform debates.

Assessing environmental performance of eco-industrial development in industrial parks

While driving the regional economy, industrial parks also pose great threats to natural environment due to large quantities of resource consumption and intensive pollutants emissions. Eco-industrial development, including cleaner production, bioproducts or waste interchange, and infrastructure sharing, is key to improving the parks’ environmental quality and sustainability. However, how to measure the performance of eco-industrial development is an essential and hard work since the material and energy flows are complex and cannot be compared in various units. The water and non-renewable resources which are very vital materials to sustain industrial activities in the industrial parks were rarely considered in the previous traditional ecological footprint analysis. Therefore, our research depicts a real picture of all the resources including water and non-renewable resources to illustrate the actual environmental impact of a national high technology industrial development zone-Jiangyin high technology Park, using energy based ecological footprint method. Results show that the emergy-ecological footprint deficit and emergy-ecological footprint intensity of the study park decreased by 16.75% and 16.74% due to the implementation of eco-industrial development. In detail, minerals made the largest reduction, 2.00E + 2 ha/capita, followed by fossil fuels with a reduction of 1.01E + 2 ha/capita, and the resources from cropland and pasture did not make a contribution in reducing emergy ecological footprint. Policy implications such as further replenishing and improving the ecological industry chains are proposed based on this survey. This study provides a basis to improve the environmental management and performance of industrial parks.

Территории опережающего социально-экономического развития в моногородах: первые обобщения

Introduction. There is an urgent need to assess the activity of Advanced Socio-Economic Development Territories (TASED) set up in single-industry towns and Administrative and Territorial Entities of Closed Type (ATECT). The research objective was to identify the current trends in the modus operandi of TASED set up in ATECT. Data and methods. The research featured official figures posted on the websites of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, on the official websites of local authorities, regional government, Corporation of Far East’s Development, the resident companies of TASED, and various scientific publications. The research was based on comparative analysis and the factor and system analysis. The research results. The population of TASED territories revealed an almost equal distribution. However, its concentration is higher in the towns with over 500.000 residents. The number of residents appeared to correlate with the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises on the territory. Large investment projects in TASED of single-industry towns make up less than 5 % of all projects. The main TASED’s investor is local business. There are mostly low- and medium technology productions. At its current state, TASED do not encourage development of high-technology industries and knowledge-intensive services. The authors propose some options of budgetary efficiency assessment. Discussion and conclusion. TASED proved to be beneficial for the economic development of single-industry towns, especially those with a machine-building complex as core enterprise. However, TASED revealed to have no positive effect on distant depressed towns and single-industry towns with sustainable working core enterprises. The research results can be used by scientists, public authorities, and managers of TASED companies.

Identification of Key Success Factors for Private Science Parks Established from Brownfield Regeneration: A Case Study from China.

Private science parks (PSPs) are infrastructure elements of national high technology industrial development zones. Increasing private capital is being invested in this field to transform abandoned factories into science parks through brownfield regeneration, which not only effectively utilizes urban space, but also greatly strengthens the power of scientific and technological innovation. The evolution of these PSPs, however, is not satisfactory, and some operation and innovation-related problems often lead to their failures. Therefore, identifying key success factors is crucial for the sustainable growth of PSPs. This study employs Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and Fuzzy-DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methods to construct an identification model for key success factors of PSPs established from brownfield regeneration. Associated influencing factors were collected through literature analysis, on-site interviews, and questionnaire, based on which key success factors were identified. The results of the study showed that five factors—resources sharing capacity of the park, park scale, financing and financial services, legal policy services and administrative capability, and construction level of facilities in the park—are the key success factors for such PSPs. The results also provide a theoretical basis for the development of PSPs established from brownfield regeneration, and support the formulation of PSP-related policies.

Do technological innovations promote urban green development?—A spatial econometric analysis of 105 cities in China

Abstract Rapid urban economic growth in China has resulted in a number of resource and environmental challenges. Technological innovations are a source of economic growth but act as a double-edged sword in their effects on urban green development. This study aimed to determine whether technological innovations promote or impede the enhancement of urban eco-efficiency in China and also to reveal regional and administrative-level differences in terms of the effects of technological innovations. We selected the number of granted invention patents and the proportion of technology-related revenue in the total revenue of national high-technology industrial development zones (NHTIDZs) as indicators to represent knowledge innovation and product innovation, respectively, and used the spatial autoregressive model to examine the effects of the two innovations on urban eco-efficiency. The results showed that technological innovations, which enhanced urban eco-efficiency, had a greater impact on eastern cities than on central and western cities. The higher was the administrative level of a city, the greater were the effects of invention patents on urban eco-efficiency. Moreover, the higher was the administrative level of a city, the smaller was the role that NHTIDZs played in promoting urban eco-efficiency, which represented a case of diminishing marginal utility.

High and New Technology Enterprise Performance and Financial Constraints: Is Clustering Efficient?

Using firm level panel data for non-listed high and new technology enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta of China from 2002–2009, we investigated the importance of the high and new technology industrial development zone (HNTIDZ) established by the Chinese government for improving enterprise performance. We found that high and new technology enterprises located in HNTIDZs enjoy superior productivity, growth potential, export and innovation activity; better access to trade credit and bank loan facilities plays a significant role in promoting productivity, growth and export, but it does not affect innovation activity; in national HNTIDZs, enterprises that are more in need of trade credit and bank loan have better performance in the respect of productivity, growth, export as well as innovation activity.

Chinese Investment in Taiwan: A Challenge or an Opportunity for Taiwan?

Cross-Strait economic activities are no longer unidirectional. The Taiwanese government opened the doors to Chinese investment in 2009. This paper addresses the following crucial question: What is the impact of Chinese investment on Taiwan's high-technology industrial development? Two further questions immediately follow: Will Chinese investment put Taiwanese industrial development at risk? Will an influx of Chinese investment lead to a turning point for Taiwanese industry? The paper first reviews Chinese investment in Taiwan under the framework of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and then explains why we have chosen to focus here on the high-technology industry in Taiwan. It then outlines the main elements of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) before seeking to answer the above research questions. Fieldwork for this paper was conducted from December 2014 to March 2016. Interviewees include Chinese investors, along with consultants from a Taiwanese institute created to promote industrial development.

Grey Relation Analysis on the High-tech Industry and Economic Growth——Empirical Evidence from Yunnan Province of China

This paper discusses the development of high technology industry in Yunnan province of China in period of “post financial crisis” from the perspective of overall situation and industry sectors. Based on the data from 2008 to 2014 and by using the grey correlation model, the empirical analysis has been done about the relationship between the high technology industry and economic growth in Yunnan province. Results show that although the overall level of high technology industry development in Yunnan province is not high, and there is some problems such as imbalance of industrial development, low input of R&D investment, poor innovation ability, the high technology industry leading role in the regional economic growth is revealed, and the grey correlation degree of high technology industries and regional economic growth is 0.71103, second only to the construction industry. Finally, the article puts forward some policy suggestions for the development of high technology industry combined the actual development in Yunnan province.

Evaluation of Externalities Associated with Rare Earth Exploitation at Bayan Obo

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a kind of new materials which have excellent optical, electrical and magnetic properties, and they play an important role in the development of high technology and green energy industries. With abundant reserves and a wide range of REE type, rare earth industry has a rapid development in China in recent years. However, environmental issues associated with REE exploitation have severely restricted the sustainable development of rare earth industry in China. At present, literatures on the externalities of REE exploitation are very limited, especially in China. This paper builds an evaluation model based on life cycle evaluation to estimate the external costs of REE exploitation at Bayan Obo. The results show that the external costs for producing one metric tonne of rare earth oxides (REO) in Bayan Obo was CNY 34739 in 2013, the external costs of waste gas, waste water, radioactive substance, REE resource depletion, and land occupation are CNY 14945, 12515, 1400, 3199, and 2680, respectively. Waste gas and water constitute about 79% of the total external costs. The internalization of the external costs would reduce the financial profit of Northern Rare Earth (Group) by 18%. This study has taken into account only those externalities whose market values can be estimated, and therefore the external costs of REE exploitation in Bayan Obo is likely to be underestimated. The results fill the gap in literature and provide further understanding on the external cost of REE exploitation.

The Research of Scrapped Automobiles Recycling and Disassembling Industry Development Based on Auto Industry Chain

2 Torch high technology industry development center of Ministry of science and technology, Beijing 100045, China Abstract. The number of China's scrapped car is on an explosively growing trend, and the development of scrapped car recycling industry has a golden prospect. The current scrapped car recycling system is not perfect in our country, because related industries driven by market develop slowly, and there are some outstanding problems such as potential safety risks, environmental pollution and resource waste. The paper analyzes and studies the existing problems and countermeasures to investigate the development strategy of scrapped car recycling industry according to the whole automobile industry chain construction, technology and equipment conditions, policy guidance, etc. and at last explore the new industrial development pattern of serving automobile reverse design.

Biotecnología y sociedad en Cuba: el caso del Centro de Inmunología Molecular

Desde los años 80, en Cuba, se han desarrollado políticas efectivas y sostenidas para avanzar en el campo de la biotecnología con énfasis en el área de la salud (producción de medicamentos, vacunas, compuestos monoclonales, entre otros). Este proceso estuvo orientado a satisfacer necesidades del sistema de salud y generar productos de alto valor agregado que puedan competir en la economía globalizada. El documento se acerca a la experiencia cubana a través del caso específico de uno de sus centros más exitosos: el Centro de Inmunología Molecular (CIM), que refleja muy bien la estrategia del país en el campo de la biotecnología, sus relaciones con la política nacional, sus conexiones con la economía y la sociedad, sus avances y desafíos fundamentales. El documento aborda estos aciertos, desde sus interrelaciones y los desafíos que los marcos regulatorios internacionales le imponen. A la postre, se pretende contribuir, desde el análisis de los avances, dificultades y desafíos de la experiencia cubana, a la generación de aprendizajes y lecciones que forjen buenas prácticas en la implementación de políticas para fomentar la alta tecnología en países en vías de desarrollo.

(The Transformation of the Mode of Economic Development and Regional Economic Trends in China)

글로벌 경제위기 이후 중국은 경제발전 패러다임의 전환에 박차를 가하고 있다. 내수확대 정책을 적극 시행하고, 저부가가치산업에서 고부가가치산업으로의 업그레이드를 추진하며, 종전의 연해지역 중심 발전에서 내륙지역 개발을 강조하며 지역균형발전을 꾀하고 있다. 이러한 정책적 기조 하에서 도시군을 중심으로 하는 도시화, 주강삼각주와 장강삼각주를 중심으로 한 연해지역에서 내륙지역으로의 산업이전, 신흥산업 육성 등이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 서부대개발, 동북진흥, 중부굴기 등 내륙지역 개발정책도 더욱 본격화되고 있는 중이다. 이 자료집은 2010년 11월 대외경제정책연구원(KIEP)에서 개최된 제1회 중국권역별·성별연구단 국제세미나 “중국의 발전전략 전환과 권역별 경제동향”에서 발표된 논문을 정리, 편집한 것이다. 12차 5개년 규획을 앞두고 중국의 권역별 발전전략이 어떻게 변화하고 있는지, 권역별 경제 현황 및 동향은 어떠한지, 한․중 양국의 경제협력 증진 방안은 무엇인지 등의 내용이 다양한 지역에 걸쳐 논의되고 있다. After the global financial crisis, China is accelerating the transition of economic development model. core of that strategy is the balanced growth: shift from the export-oriented growth to the growth balanced with consumption and shift from the coastal areas-oriented growth to the growth balanced with the inland areas. Meanwhile, China is quickening the pace of industrial upgrading from low value-added to high value-added. Under the circumstances, urbanization focusing on urban agglomeration, industrial transfer from the coastal areas to the inland areas, and the development of high technology industries and strategic new industries are initiating actively. This seminar proceedings is the output of The 1st China's Regional and Provincial Research Group International Conference held in November 2010. proceedings covers many issues which concern the strategic changes of regional economic development, the present situation and trends of regional economic development, and policy suggestions to further strengthen the economic relationship between Korea and various regions of China.

Evaluating the Economic Performance of High-Technology Industry and Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Science Parks in Taiwan

High-technology industries provide opportunities for economic growth, but also raise concerns because of their energy-demanding nature. This paper provides an integrated evaluation of both economic benefits and energy efficiency of high-technology industries based on the real data from one of the globally recognized high-technology industrial clusters, the national science parks in Taiwan. A nation-wide industrial Input-Output Analysis is conducted to demonstrate the positive effects of science parks on national economic developments and industrial upgrades. The concept of energy intensity and an energy-efficient economy index are applied to an integrated assessment of the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. The proposed case study suggests that economic and energy efficiency objectives can be simultaneously achieved by the development of high-technology industries, while three energy policy implications are considered. First, a nation-wide macro viewpoint is needed and high-technology industries should be considered as parts of the national/regional economies by governmental agencies. Second, a proper industrial clustering mechanism and the shared environmental facilities supported by the government, such as planned land and road usage, electricity and water supply, telecommunications system, sewerage system and wastewater treatments, can improve energy efficiency of high-technology industries. Third, the governmental policies on the taxing and management system in science parks would also direct energy-efficient economy of high-technology industries.

Koncentracja przestrzenna działalności gospodarczej korporacji ponadnarodowej Google w latach 2006–2010

The predominant role played by multinational corporations comes as a result of the globalization process. In the modern era of knowledge, we observe intensive development of high technology industries, mainly computer science. The IT corporations are looking for the effective locations for their offices. This article presents an analysis of the changes in the spatial structure of the economic potential of the Google corporation in years 2006–2010.Google was established in 1998. Since then, it has developed rapidly and become a leader in computing and Internet search. 73 departments of the corporation are located in 43 countries, usually in the capitals of these countries or in rather large cities, which are associated with major public markets. The leading actors are 26 departments located in Europe and 24 departments located in the North America. The headquarters of Google is located in Mountain View, California. Individual countries have varying degree of presence of Google offices, the greatest number being located in the United States – 20, whilst 3 are located in Poland: in Warsaw, Cracow and Wroclaw.The economic potential of Google has been concentrated in three areas: the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries. In years 2006–2010, the value of profits in each area increased; the most dynamic growth was noticed in other countries. In years 2007–2010, the value of assets had the same growth tendencies. Judging by its economic potential, it is said that Google is developing rapidly, especially outside the United States. It is caused by the fact that the American market is already controlled and new markets all over the world are searched for and explored.