Development Of High-tech Industries Research Articles

Economic complexity and income inequality in Russian regions

Although economic growth leads to a reduction in poverty, the growing income inequality and its possible consequences are of some concern. The level of economic complexity has recently been increasingly viewed as an important predictor of income inequality. In this paper, using pool and models with time fixed effects, the impact of the economic complexity index on income inequality in Russian regions for 2013 and 2015 was estimated. The results of the evaluation of econometric models show that regions with more complex economies showed a higher level of income inequality compared to others. The explanations for the effect obtained include an increase in demand for highly qualified labor as a result of the development of high-tech industries and an increase in wage differentiation between high-skilled and low-skilled workers, as well as the migration of high-skilled workers to economically more complex regions. The main conclusion is that economic complexity is a significant factor of the variation in income inequality and should also be taken into account while conducting economic and social policy in Russian regions.

Evaluating economic efficiency of the national high-tech industrial development districts in the Yangtze River Delta by stochastic frontier analysis

The High-tech Industrial Development Districts (HIDDs) are technological engines for the regional economy in China. The Chinese government implemented the Torch Initiative to accelerate industrial agglomeration and innovation development by administratively upgrading the local HIDDs into a national list since 1989. The policy intervention emphasizes the labor and capital inputs on science and technology. The study adopts the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to understand the economic efficiency of the enlisted national HIDDs in the Yangtze River Delta. The results suggest that the average efficiency trends of the all-in-total sales, product sales and commodity sales are decreasing while that of technology sales is increasing from 2007 to 2019. In the total sales efficiency evaluation, most early-enrolled HIDDs are in the high-efficiency group whereas the newcomers are in the low-efficiency group. The Nantong HIDD has the highest efficiency, followed by Wuxi, Taizhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai ZJ, Xiaoshan, Ningbo, Suzhou IP and Jiangyin HIDDs. Huainan, Huaian, Tongling, Shanghai ZZ, Lianyungang and Suqian HIDDs rank very low in the total sales evaluation. Besides, Hangzhou, Nantong and Ningbo HIDDs rank first in the technology, product and commodity sales efficiency evaluation correspondingly. In addition, the increase of S&T labor inputs would decrease the efficiency of the product, commodity and total sales while the increase of the S&T capital inputs is as expected a facilitator to the efficiency of product, commodity and total sales. This study contributes to the discussion on the role of political intervention in technological innovation by breaking down the economic efficiency into three major parts, the efficiency of technology, product and commodity sales. The findings could help policymakers strike a balance between the human and capital inputs in regional innovation capability.

Location-Oriented Policies in China: Establishment of State-Level Development Zones and Enterprise Innovation Behaviors

The impact of state-level development zones on company innovation behaviors—specifically, innovation input, output, and quality—is examined in this research. This study utilizes the establishment of state-level development zones as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a Staggered Difference-In-Difference model to systematically evaluate the actual effects. Furthermore, this research focuses on the heterogeneous effects of state-level development zones on enterprise innovation, taking into account different functional positionings, such as the Economic and Technological Development Zone (ETDZ), the High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (HIDZ), and the Special Customs Supervision Zone (SCSZ). The results of previous research indicate that the establishment of state-level development zones may effectively foster company innovation and have a noteworthy effect on the input, output, and quality of innovation. The establishment of ETDZs and HIDZs can significantly encourage enterprises to increase their investment in innovation. The innovation incentive effect of HIDZs is stronger than that of ETDZs. On the other hand, the establishment of SCSZs is more beneficial for improving the output and quality of innovation in enterprises. ETDZs can promote innovation output by adjusting industry agglomeration in the region. HIDZs can encourage enterprises to increase their innovation input by intensifying tax preferences and reducing the level of industry agglomeration. SCSZs can effectively promote the innovation input, innovation output, and innovation quality of enterprises by increasing government subsidies and the intensity of tax preferences.

Growth Models and Influencing Mechanisms of Total Factor Productivity in China’s National High-Tech Zones

Total factor productivity (TFP) serves as a crucial indicator of high-quality development, showcasing a region’s utilization of technological advancements and innovative strategies to enhance production efficiency. With China’s regions experiencing varying levels of development, the paths to high-quality development in NHTZs also exhibit significant disparities. Analyzing data from 88 NHTZs between 2011 and 2018, this research aims to explore differences in TFP growth models and the mechanisms influencing these models. Employing stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and the Tobit model, the study identifies three TFP growth models: technology-led, multi-efficiency improvement, and scale efficiency compensation. While factors such as capital accumulation, overseas market participation, and patent output moderately hinder TFP growth, innovation platforms, R&D investment, and overseas talent acquisition significantly contribute to TFP enhancement. Distinguishing itself from existing TFP studies, this paper focuses on NHTZs, highlighting their role in regional high-tech industry development. It introduces three TFP growth models and their characteristics while also uncovering influencing factors for each model. This research offers valuable insights into regional disparities in high-quality development and contributes to understanding TFP growth dynamics in NHTZs.

Do government fiscal expenditure and financial institutions promote high-tech industry development? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT With economic globalization and the rapid progress of economic transformation, developing high-tech industries has become an important way for many emerging countries to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly economic development category. This research uses the vector error correction model (VECM) to study the effect of fiscal expenditures and financial support on China’s high-tech industry development during 2001–2022. The results show that government fiscal expenditure has a long-term and stable positive relationship with the output of high-tech industries and the number of new high-tech enterprises, while current loans from financial institutions have a negative relationship with such development. Moreover, fiscal expenditure has a greater and deeper impact on high-tech industries than does the loans of financial institutions. In terms of policy insights, our results imply that the government should continue to improve fiscal expenditure and promote financial innovation to help achieve sustainable and balanced development of high-tech industries.

Assessing the Key Factors Measuring Regional Competitiveness

Today’s competitive advantage is built through sustainability. Regional competitiveness is undoubtedly one of the most important components for achieving sustainability of development at the local level. The analysis of key factors and their correlations, aimed at gauging regional competitiveness, yields valuable insights into the multifaceted elements that impact the growth and advancement of underprivileged regions. However, a crucial question remains: What precisely are the factors that form the foundation for assessing and measuring regional competitiveness? The literature review and analysis initially identified the ten most frequently mentioned factors for measuring regional competitiveness. The overarching aim of the research is the understanding of the ten main determining factors of regional competitiveness and the extraction of ten propositions based on those ten factors and exploring the relationship between various factors and regional competitiveness. This study’s time frame was from August 2023 to January 2024. In this research, our aim was to undertake a traditional literature review, concentrating on the context of doing a more traditional and critical literature review rather than a systematic literature review. We assess and evaluate published research spanning the last five years (2018–2023); we have identified and emphasized ten central and widely published factors that span various domains, including (1) economy, (2) labor market, (3) poverty and social inclusion, (4) healthcare, (5) educational infrastructure, (6) environmental considerations, (7) transportation infrastructure, (8) science and technology, (9) high-tech industries, and (10) innovation. Our main findings on these ten reviewed factors indicate the following. (a) The economy factor should be expanded to include education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability parameters, while (b) there is a need to address youth employment differences in the labor market. (c) Collaborative, multidimensional approaches are important, together with improving health infrastructures and services, to improve poverty and social exclusion. (d) Investments on education and innovation are required to improve prosperity and competitiveness, as are more informed policies and collaborative actions for a greener, healthier, and more sustainable future, and finally, (f) well-planned investments in transportation, the essential link between R&D, innovation, and economic progress, as well as additional high-tech industry development and innovative actions should be taken for permanently sustainable and economic growth of the regions. Overall, the research highlights how economic, social, and environmental factors intertwine to shape successful societies, forming a fundamental understanding of regional competitiveness. The research underscores the interconnectedness of economic, social, and environmental factors in shaping prosperous societies, providing a foundational understanding of regional competitiveness.

The formation of research in the field of chemical technology of ceramic and composite materials in Komi Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1980-1990-ies)

The work is devoted to the history of the formation of one of the scientific directions currently developing at the Institute of Chemistry of the Federal Research Center "Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The subject of the study is the process of formation and development of research in the field of materials science and chemical technology of ceramic and composite materials in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Solid State Physics of the Department of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1980s and 1990s. The main attention is paid to the study of the prerequisites for the creation, conditions and main stages of the laboratory, the mechanisms of interaction between a research institution and industrial enterprises of the republic, the analysis of the influence of external factors on the choice of subjects and the development of scientific research, the role of the personality of a scientist in the history of science. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism, a problem-chronological approach, according to which the formation of a scientific direction in an academic institution was studied in the context of the history of industrial development of the region. Based on the documents stored in the funds of the Scientific Archive of the Komi Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and published works, the history of the organization and operation of the laboratory of chemistry and solid state physics was reconstructed for the first time. It is established that one of the main factors that determined the process of formation and development of research in the laboratory during this period was the availability in the republic of promising reserves of mineral raw materials suitable for use in obtaining functional ceramic and composite materials; the necessary research base; the development of high-tech industries in the Komi ASSR. Scientists have been working on the creation of physico-chemical bases for the production of high-tech materials with special properties (magnetic, electrophysical, etc.) based on the mineral raw materials of the republic. New materials with special physical and chemical characteristics obtained in the laboratory were introduced into production, which contributed to the development of the region's industry.

Research on the Agglomeration and Spatiotemporal Development of China's Green High-Tech Industries

Accurate understanding of the spatial and temporal development of the agglomeration of green high-tech industries holds significant importance for the scientific formulation of policies promoting industrial innovation and development. This has attracted increasing attention from scholars. Utilizing nearly a decade's worth of statistical data on China's green high-tech industries, this paper employs methods from spatial geography and other disciplines to analyze the temporal and spatial variations, as well as the agglomeration characteristics of these industries in China. A comprehensive analysis of the development levels of China's high-tech industries and their sub-sectors is conducted through calculations of spatial Gini coefficients, industrial concentration ratios, location quotients, and coefficients of variation.Results indicate that the four key indicators of the development of China's major high-tech industries, namely the number of enterprises, employment figures, operating income, and profits, exhibit linear growth trends. Overall, the agglomeration level of the industry shows a fluctuating downward trend. The regional agglomeration level follows a gradient distribution trend of "eastern region - central region - western region - northeastern region," with a decreasing concentration trend. Regional disparities in the agglomeration level of industries evolve over time, with an increasing concentration in the western and central regions, and a decreasing concentration in the eastern and northeastern regions. From a provincial perspective, Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces stand out with significantly higher levels of development in high-tech industries.Furthermore, distinct differences are observed in the development processes of four typical industries. The agglomeration levels, ranked from high to low, are as follows: computer and office equipment manufacturing, electronic information and communication equipment manufacturing, medical device manufacturing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing，the development of the four types of industries has undergone certain transfers and optimizations.

Analysis of foreign practice of tax incentives for the development of high-tech industry

The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budget funds under the state assignment of the Financial University. The subject of the study is specific measures in the field of tax regulation of industrial development by the leading industrial powers of the world. The purpose of the work is to explore the use of tax instruments to influence the manufacturing sector of various countries and the areas of their application, considering their evolution and development. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises, which in the future can be introduced into taxation practice in the Russian Federation in order to stimulate the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty. The main methods used in this study are comparison, classification, statistical and retrospective analysis, as well as economic and mathematical calculations. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of tax mechanisms for high-tech industry in industrialized countries, general trends in the development of such mechanisms, as well as justifying the feasibility of using their experience in the Russian Federation. In addition, the novelty lies in making proposals for the adaptation and modification of these mechanisms to Russian economy. The scope of the work is the tax system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are the identification among the analyzed instruments the most suitable ones for our country in the current conditions, which in the future can have a stimulating effect on the formation of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, as well as calculation of the potential tax benefits for high-tech industry enterprises.

Evaluating the impact of the innovation efficiency of high-tech industry on carbon emissions: a case study of the manufacturing industry in China.

Amid China's economic shift to high-quality development, addressing environmental challenges like greenhouse gas emissions and manufacturing pollution, there is a crucial demand for sustainable and eco-friendly development strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of innovation efficiency in the high-tech industry on carbon emissions. It seeks to explore regional differences, mechanisms, and the influence of energy consumption structures in achieving sustainable development goals. Utilizing data from 30 provinces spanning 2009 to 2020, the study employs the DEA-Malmquist index model, spatial and temporal classification evaluation, and a panel measurement model to assess the efficiency of innovation and development in high-tech industries and their relationship with carbon emissions. The results indicate several key findings: (1) The overall operational efficiency of high-tech industry innovation and development in China is steadily increasing. However, there are distinct characteristics observed among provinces and cities, reflecting diverse input and output types. (2) High-tech industry innovation efficiency significantly contributes to carbon emission reduction, and there is regional heterogeneity in this impact. The central and western regions exhibit greater effects compared to other provinces and cities. (3) The optimization of the energy structure is identified as a mechanism through which high-tech industry innovation efficiency reduces carbon emissions. Moreover, different intervals of high-tech industry innovation efficiency yield varying effects on carbon emissions. This research underscores the importance of fostering high-tech industry innovation efficiency as a means to reduce carbon emissions. It also identifies key areas for future policy development and resource allocation, emphasizing the support needed for low-carbon technology research and development.

Does the openness of the Boundary Shell system influence the sustainable development of the high-tech industry?

High-technology industries have gained substantial recognition as pivotal drivers of economic growth and technological advancement in modern society. The imperative of sustainable development in high-tech industries cannot be overemphasized, as it plays a crucial role in enabling long-term growth, fostering innovation, and assuming environmental responsibility. This article presents a study on sustainable development in high-tech industries using Boundary Shell theory. The study investigates the role of the stable and sustainable entropy criterion for the Boundary Shell system of high-tech industries from an entropy balance perspective. It analyzes the upper and lower limits of the Boundary Shell support force. Additionally, it improves the traditional boundary system ratio model to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the sustainable development of high-tech industries. The results illustrate that the Boundary Shell of industrial innovation is stronger than that of external dependency, with a reversed ranking of internal evaluation factor strengths compared to the traditional model. This research integrates reaction-diffusion equations theory with entropy balance equations theory to address sustainability issues in the high-tech industry. We further analyze the sustainable development of the high-tech industry through a Boundary Shell theory perspective to advance sustainability in high-tech industries. Moreover, it provides useful insights into the sustainable development of high-tech industries.

Research on the Development of China's High-tech Industry under the Background of Sino-U.S. Trade War

High-tech industry has always occupied an important position in many industries in China. Since the reform and opening up, China's high and new industries have been developing at a rapid pace. However, since the beginning of 2018, there has been a trade war between China and the United States. In the new international situation, China's high-tech industry is facing huge opportunities and challenges, so it is particularly important to study the competitiveness of China's high-tech industry. Through literature analysis, based on micro and macro perspectives, this paper compares the situation of China and the United States in Sino-U.S. trade, and analyzes the Sino-U.S. trade frictions in recent years and the contest between the two countries' national core competitiveness. The focus of this paper is to study how the survival and development of China's high-tech industries are affected under the background of Sino-U.S. trade war.

Impact of financial development on innovation efficiency of high-tech industrial development zones in Chinese cities

Since 1988, China's high-tech industrial development zones (HIDZ) have achieved remarkable success in economic construction, playing a crucial role in both national and local economic growth. The development and innovation within HIDZ are intricately linked to external financial support. This study empirically examines the influence of financial development (FD) on the innovation efficiency of HIDZ (IEH) based on panel data from various Chinese cities spanning the years 2007–2020. The findings reveal the following: (1) Overall, enhancements in both financial scale (FS) and financial efficiency (FE) significantly contribute to the improvement of IEH. (2) The paper introduces industrial structure rationalization (ISR) as an intermediary variable and utilizes the Mediating Effect Model. The results show that the mediating effect of ISR on FS and FE is approximately 0.0164 and 0.0150, respectively. (3) Heterogeneity analysis of samples across different regions and periods indicates that the impact of FS on IEH follows a pattern of ‘western region > eastern region > central region’. Similarly, the impact of FE shows a trend of ‘central region > western region > eastern region’. Furthermore, the influence of FD during the period 2007–2012 is more pronounced than that of 2013–2020.

РАЗВИТИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ОТРАСЛЕЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В ЭПОХУ САНКЦИЙ

This article analyzes how measures aimed at stimulating the development of high-tech industries in the Russian Federation have transformed against the background of sanctions pressure from Western countries.

Changes and Implications of China’s High-tech Industry Development Policy after the US-China Conflict

Changes and Implications of China’s High-tech Industry Development Policy after the US-China Conflict

Three-Party Evolutionary Game Analysis of IoT Platform Knowledge Hiding Under Organization Participation from the Perspective of Stakeholders

The 21st century is an era of rapid development of high-tech industry. Through continuous collection and sharing of data, IoT technology connected by things has penetrated into every aspect of human life. Modern organizations find that they increasingly rely on knowledge and information sharing and interconnection to enhance their innovation and development capabilities. Therefore, this paper studies the strategic decision-making of knowledge sharing among employees on the IoT platform drawing on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a three-party game model composed of “organization-knowledge sharers-knowledge seekers” from the perspective of stakeholders, and discusses the strategic choice of organization and employee behavior under the dynamic decision mechanism and when the game reaches equilibrium and stability. Moreover, this paper uses MATLAB 2016a to simulate the model. The results show that under the premise of higher organizational rewards, synergistic benefits, high-shared extra income, knowledge-sharing preferences, incentive preferences of the organization, the system is easier to reach the ideal state. With the smaller cost of sharing and incentive, organization and employees are more willing to be motivators and sharers, while the incentive degree of organization should be controlled within a reasonable range. This paper can provide specific theoretical and practical guidance for the practice of organizational knowledge management.

The Influence of Ethnic Characteristics of Behavior for the Economic Development of the Region

The economic development of the region depends on many factors, including ethnic characteristics of behavior. These features have a significant impact on the economic development of the region. Entrepreneurial activity, labor efficiency, innovative potential and consumer behavior of ethnic groups can contribute to the development of the regional economy or, conversely, interfere with this process. One of the key ethnic features affecting the economic development of the region is entrepreneurship. Different ethnic groups can exhibit unique skills in entrepreneurship that contribute to the creation of new jobs and the development of new industries. Ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also influence the innovative potential of the region. Some ethnic groups show a high degree of diligence, discipline and actively participate in educational and research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific discoveries and innovative solutions that have a positive impact on the economic development of the region. Different ethnic groups may have their own preferences and consumption characteristics, which contributes to the development of the relevant sectors of the economy. For example, Japanese culture has high requirements for the quality of goods and services, which stimulates the development of high-tech and innovative industries. However, it is worth noting that ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also lead to some challenges for the economic development of the region. For example, some ethnic groups may experience discrimination or face restrictions in access to resources and opportunities. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of ethnic characteristics of Ossetian behavior on the development of the regional economy of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The analysis of behavior reveals the problem of the economic lag of the republic from the rest of the regions of the Russian Federation. As examples, historical facts are used that profoundly influence the behavior and way of thinking of Ossetian people to this day.

Does the agglomeration of high-tech industries improve the efficiency of China’s green economy? Analysis based on the marketization

High-tech industries represent a country’s advanced productivity, technological level and innovation ability, they carry the characteristics of green industries in terms of resource-saving and being environmentally friendly, and their agglomeration has a significant impact on the development of green economy. The marketization process, as an important macroenvironment for the development of high-tech industries, not only relates to the motivation of high-tech industry agglomeration but also affects the effectiveness of the agglomeration effect. It is unclear whether marketization plays a role in the relationship between high-tech industry agglomeration and green economy efficiency and whether this role has heterogeneity. Taking China’s provincial panel data from 2001 to 2020, this paper constructs a panel threshold econometric model, and examines the threshold effect of the high-tech industry agglomeration impact on green economic efficiency under different marketization levels. 1) The high-tech industry agglomeration impact on green economic efficiency has a double-threshold effect due to the marketization level, with threshold values of 5.862 and 8.938, and the promotion effect is the highest in the second threshold range. 2) Under the influence of the government-market relationship, non-state economic development, market intermediary organization development and legal environment, the impact of high-tech industry agglomeration on green economic efficiency has a single-threshold effect, with threshold values of 7.4950, 12.1960 and 11.6100. After crossing the threshold values, the impact changes from negative to positive. Factor market development has a double-threshold effect, with threshold values 10.3100 and 14.9210, and the impact changes from negative to positive and gradually increases. 3) Among the major industries, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (3.978 and 9.639) and the computer and office equipment manufacturing industry (3.359 and 9.639) have a double-threshold effect due to the marketization level, and the medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing industry (9.494) has a single-threshold effect. This study is of great significance for China as it would help optimize the market environment and stimulate the green economy effect of high-tech industry agglomeration; moreover, it would provide a reference for other developing countries and transition economies.

Examining the Effectiveness of Housing and House Registration Policies for Raising Inflow of Talents A Case Study in Zhangjiang Science City, Shanghai

With the national economic transformation, the advance of the intelligent manufacturing industry is gradually approaching, which has a direct positive correlation with innovations and the development of high-tech industries. Sufficient technical and entrepreneurial talent supply is the key to maintaining a high level of technological progress and sustaining economic development. Therefore, as one of the most developed cities in China, Shanghai adopts several house-related policies to attract the inflow of advanced talent. This paper examines the effectiveness and feasibility of the housing and household registration policies implemented in Zhangjiang Science City, including shortening the time of transferring temporary residence permit into the registered permanent residence (TR-to-PR) and offering talents apartments to reduce rental pressure of young talents. Four simple quantitative indicators used to analyze the effectuality are the number of talents introduced annually and its growth rate; the number of TR-to-PR groups annually and its growth, respectively. As a result, this paper supports that the policies are effective in promoting talent inflow. However, the future talent retention issue is still alarming and it deserves the attention of policymakers. More policies concerning solving house price bubbles and improving the living environment should be adopted to keep talents stay and contribute to economic development in the long run.

Hydrothermal, entropy generation and exergy performances analysis in a mini-channel with combination of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators using Al2O3 nanofluids

With high-tech industrial development, micro/mini-channel heat sinks (MCHSs) are very widely applied for heat dissipation in high-heat-flux devices in these industries. At present, the energy crisis and environmental problems have been restricting human development. Therefore, MCHSs with low energy consumption are urgently designed. In this investigation, a new MCHS with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed and the Al2O3 nanofluid is used as a working medium to further improve various performances of this MCHS. The effects of the transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic characteristic, thermal characteristic, comprehensive performance, entropy generation and exergy efficiency are explored. It is found that the triangular transverse vortex generator is conductive to improve the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Whose performance evaluation criterion is 22.34% on average higher than that of the smooth mini-channel, and the average exergy efficiency reaches 94.30%. On the basis of this, combining the longitudinal and transverse vortex generators can further improve the various performances in mini-channel. The optimal combined structure is the combination of triangular transverse vortex generator and 90°-longitudinal vortex generator and can make mini-channel yield the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation and exergy efficiency. Which obtains the highest performance evaluation criterion (1.36) and exergy efficiency (97.63%) when Reynolds number is 742. Overall, the new MCHS performs a beneficial effect on comprehensive performance improvement in mini-channel to enhance energy efficiency.