Developments In High Energy Physics Research Articles

Development of High Energy Physics and Prospects forDark Matter Searches at the HL-LHC

This document outlines the fundamental theory of the Standard Model and the aims and anticipated upgrades of current experimental techniques in high-energy physics. Motivations and requirements for the search for new physics, specifically on searching for dark matter, at the HL-LHC are analyzed and presented. Methodology, constraints, and predicted sensitivity of yields for searching dark matter, based on analyses of simplified models with j+MET, DM+tt,DM+Wt, DM+bb in their final states, are presented.

Free-electron–light interactions in nanophotonics

When impinging on optical structures or passing in their vicinity, free electrons can spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon generally known as cathodoluminescence. Free-electron radiation comes in many guises: Cherenkov, transition, and Smith–Purcell radiation, but also electron scintillation, commonly referred to as incoherent cathodoluminescence. While those effects have been at the heart of many fundamental discoveries and technological developments in high-energy physics in the past century, their recent demonstration in photonic and nanophotonic systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Those developments arose from predictions that exploit nanophotonics for novel radiation regimes, now becoming accessible thanks to advances in nanofabrication. In general, the proper design of nanophotonic structures can enable shaping, control, and enhancement of free-electron radiation, for any of the above-mentioned effects. Free-electron radiation in nanophotonics opens the way to promising applications, such as widely tunable integrated light sources from x-ray to THz frequencies, miniaturized particle accelerators, and highly sensitive high-energy particle detectors. Here, we review the emerging field of free-electron radiation in nanophotonics. We first present a general, unified framework to describe free-electron light–matter interaction in arbitrary nanophotonic systems. We then show how this framework sheds light on the physical underpinnings of many methods in the field used to control and enhance free-electron radiation. Namely, the framework points to the central role played by the photonic eigenmodes in controlling the output properties of free-electron radiation (e.g., frequency, directionality, and polarization). We then review experimental techniques to characterize free-electron radiation in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, which have emerged as the central platforms for experimental realization of the phenomena described in this review. We further discuss various experimental methods to control and extract spectral, angular, and polarization-resolved information on free-electron radiation. We conclude this review by outlining novel directions for this field, including ultrafast and quantum effects in free-electron radiation, tunable short-wavelength emitters in the ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes, and free-electron radiation from topological states in photonic crystals.

A Journey into the Proton Structure: Progresses and Challenges

Unraveling the inner dynamics of gluons and quarks inside nucleons is a primary target of studies at new-generation colliding machines. Finding an answer to fundamental problems of Quantum ChromoDynamics, such as the origin of nucleon mass and spin, strongly depends on our ability of reconstructing the 3D motion of partons inside the parent hadrons. We present progresses and challenges in the extraction of TMD parton densities, with particular attention to the ones describing polarization states of gluons, which still represent a largely unexplored field. Then, we highlight connections with corresponding parton densities in the high-energy limit, the so-called unintegrated gluon distributions or UGDs and, more in general, to recent developments in high-energy physics.

Preface

HEP 2022 - 39th Conference on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology was successfully held online between the 15th to the 18th of June 2022, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The conference was jointly organized and sponsored by the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Research Committee of the Aristotle University.The conference invited scholars and experts in the fields of High Energy Physics, involved both in experimental and theoretical research, from various universities and institutions. The conference focuses on the more recent advancements in topics such as ‘LHC experimental results’, ‘Astroparticle Physics’, ‘Cosmology’, ‘String Theory’, ‘Dark Matter’ and others. The main goal of the conference is to present the related research work of the Greek scientific community, to promote the cooperation of experts and scholars in the field, to share the research achievements both on a national and international level. All accepted speakers were eligible to contribute to the Conference Proceedings on a voluntary basis.This collection of Proceedings compiles oral and paper presentations submitted by the authors and scrutinized by the Editorial Committee. The HEP2022 Conference venue took place at Aristotle University’s Research Dissemination Center (KEDEA Building), at Aristotle University’s campus between the Student Club and the University Gymnasium.The opening ceremony was held in the Amphitheatre I of KEDEA Building and a welcome speech was delivered by the chair of the Conference, Professor Kostas Kordas. Each author delivered and oral talk of 35 minutes accompanied with the slides material, along with 5 minutes extra time, allocated for questions and discussion. A dedicated convener chaired each plenary session.The organizing and editorial committee of the HEP2022 hopes you enjoy the reading of this volume of the JPCS. Additionally, we want to thank all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for this proceeding as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and feedback aiding to improve the presented articles.List of Organizing Committee is available in this Pdf.

Preface

HEP 2021 - 38th Conference on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology was successfully held online between the 16th to the 19th of June 2021, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The conference was jointly organized and sponsored by the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Research Committee of the Aristotle University.In the context of the conference scholars and experts in the fields of Astroparticle and High Energy Physics, involved both in experimental and theoretical research, were invited from various universities and institutions. The conference focused on the most recent advancements in topics such as ‘Highlights from the LHC experimental results’, ‘Astroparticle Physics’, ‘Cosmology’, ‘String Theory’, ‘Dark Matter’ and others. The main goal was to present the related research work of the Greek scientific community, to promote the cooperation of experts and scholars in the field, to share the research achievements both on a national and international level. All accepted speakers were eligible to contribute to the Conference Proceedings on a voluntary basis.This collection of Proceedings compiles oral and paper presentations submitted by the authors and scrutinized by the Editorial Committee. Because of restrictions on travel and indoor activities related to COVID-19, we were forced to hold the conference online only. Attendees were notified well in advance that the on-site conference was changed to an online conference, where the timeline and order of the talks were defined. The online conference was held on the video conferencing software Zoom Meeting. The video-conference was held on the original set dates. Due to the large variety of topics and the relatively large number of attendees, the conference was separated into main and parallel sessions (Webinar Room and Parallel Session Rooms respectively). The complete conference program, the slides of the presentations and the recordings of all oral presentations are available online.The opening ceremony was held in the main Webinar Room, where the president of the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, Professor Katerina Zachariadou delivered the welcoming speech. Each plenary speaker gave an oral presentation of 35 minutes accompanied by her/his slides’ material, along with 5 minutes extra time, allocated for questions and discussion. A dedicated convener chaired each plenary session.The organizing and editorial committees of the HEP2021 hope you will enjoy the reading of this volume of the JPCS. Additionally, we want to thank all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for these proceedings, as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and feedback aiding to improve the presented articles.List of Organizing and Program Committee, Editorial Board and Invited Speakers are available in this pdf.

Прямоточный релятивистский двигатель - гипотеза для обсуждения

In this paper, the engineering and scientific community is invited to consider and discuss the possibility of developing and constructing a ramjet engine for movement in the interstellar medium when the speeds of an aircraft are close to the speed of light. The idea is based on existing developments in high energy physics and accelerator technology. For interstellar flight, a motion scheme is proposed using accelerated relativistic high-energy protons to create efficient jet engines based on accelerating superconducting structures. The proposed scheme is based on the existing developments in the field of accelerator technology, using superconducting resonator systems, klystrons and high-frequency generators. The use of the impulse of the relativistic motion of charged particles is proposed as a hypothesis for discussing the design of a direct-flow engine for motion in the interstellar medium.

Mechanism of luminescence and efficient energy storage in Lu2SiO5 : Ce3+single crystals

The development of high energy physics and medicine has raised the necessity of heavy stintillating materials with a large total gamma quantum absorption cross-section, high quantum output and fast response. Cerium doped lutetium silicate Lu2SiO5 : Ce3+ (LSO) has high density, large effective atomic number and high conversion efficiency. In this work we have reported optical absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence data for LSO single crystals grown using the modified Musatov method. The absorption spectra show the fundamental intrinsic absorption edge of Lu2SiO5 at ~200 nm and four extrinsic absorption bands of Ce3+ activator near 250—375 nm. The band gap is 6.19 to 6.29 eV depending on optical beam direction. We have confirmed that the extrinsic absorption bands correspond to optical transitions in Ce3+ activator ions localized in two crystallographically non-equivalent CeI and CeII positions. We have estimated that oscillator force for the optical transitions in Ce3+ ions. The photoluminescence spectra excited by 3.49 eV photon energy UV laser contain three bands: ~2.96 eV, ~3.13 eV (CeI) and ~2.70 eV (CeII). The energy structure of electron traps in LSO has been studied with thermally stimulated luminescence, the crystals being exposed to UV with different spectral and energy parameters. All the experimental thermally stimulated luminescence curves contain at least two peaks at 345 and 400 K with a 4 : 1 intensity ratio attributable to electron traps at 0.92—0.96 and1.12—1.18 eV. LSO exposure to high pressure mercury lamp radiation having the highest energy has for the first time showed the presence of traps at 0.88 eV. A model of the energy structure of LSO has been developed. The luminescence mechanism in the material is more complex than purely intracenter one. We show that high excitation energies may lead to ionization by the mechanism hva + Ce3+ = Ce4+ + e-. We have assumed that the storage of excitation energy involves not only Ce3+ activator but also the conduction band as well as trap states localized near the conduction band.

High energy physics and cosmology at the unification frontier: Opportunities and challenges in the coming years

We give here an overview of recent developments in high energy physics and cosmology and their interconnections that relate to unification, and discuss prospects for the future. Thus there are currently three empirical data that point to supersymmetry as an underlying symmetry of particle physics: the unification of gauge couplings within supersymmetry, the fact that nature respects the supersymmetry prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV, and vacuum stability up to the Planck scale with a Higgs boson mass at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]125 GeV while the Standard Model does not do that. Coupled with the fact that supersymmetry solves the big hierarchy problem related to the quadratic divergence to the Higgs boson mass square along with the fact that there is no alternative paradigm that allows us to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale to the grand unification scale consistent with experiment, supersymmetry remains a compelling framework for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The large loop correction to the Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry to lift the tree mass to the experimentally observable value, indicates a larger value of the scale of weak scale supersymmetry, making the observation of sparticles more challenging but still within reach at the LHC for the lightest ones. Recent analyses show that a high energy LHC (HE-LHC) operating at 27 TeV running at its optimal luminosity of [Formula: see text] can reduce the discovery period by several years relative to HL-LHC and significantly extend the reach in parameter space of models. In the coming years several experiments related to neutrino physics, searches for supersymmetry, on dark matter and dark energy will have direct impact on the unification frontier. Thus the discovery of sparticles will establish supersymmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature and also lend direct support for strings. Further, discovery of sparticles associated with missing energy will constitute discovery of dark matter with LSP being the dark matter. On the cosmology front more accurate measurement of the equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text], will shed light on the nature of dark energy. Specifically, [Formula: see text] will likely indicate the existence of a dynamical field, possibly quintessence, responsible for dark energy and [Formula: see text] would indicate an entirely new sector of physics. Further, more precise measurements of the ratio [Formula: see text] of tensor to scalar power spectrum, of the scalar and tensor spectral indices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of non-Gaussianity will hopefully allow us to realize a Standard Model of inflation. These results will be a guide to further model building that incorporates unification of particle physics and cosmology.

Active Job Monitoring in Pilots

Recent developments in high energy physics (HEP) including multi-core jobs and multi-core pilots require data centres to gain a deep understanding of the system to monitor, design, and upgrade computing clusters. Networking is a critical component. Especially the increased usage of data federations, for example in diskless computing centres or as a fallback solution, relies on WAN connectivity and availability. The specific demands of different experiments and communities, but also the need for identification of misbehaving batch jobs, requires an active monitoring. Existing monitoring tools are not capable of measuring fine-grained information at batch job level. This complicates network-aware scheduling and optimisations. In addition, pilots add another layer of abstraction. They behave like batch systems themselves by managing and executing payloads of jobs internally. The number of real jobs being executed is unknown, as the original batch system has no access to internal information about the scheduling process inside the pilots. Therefore, the comparability of jobs and pilots for predicting run-time behaviour or network performance cannot be ensured. Hence, identifying the actual payload is important. At the GridKa Tier 1 centre a specific tool is in use that allows the monitoring of network traffic information at batch job level. This contribution presents the current monitoring approach and discusses recent efforts and importance to identify pilots and their substructures inside the batch system. It will also show how to determine monitoring data of specific jobs from identified pilots. Finally, the approach is evaluated.

Data preservation and long term accessibility in high energy physics at the 2nd International Conference on Frontiers in Diagnostic Technologies in Frascati, Italy

Recently there have been significant developments in high energy physics (HEP) data preservation projects while other large data volume experiments are now also facing for the first time insuring the long term accessibility of their data. In this presentation, the status of advanced HEP data preservation projects as well as the challenges and plans for projects newly facing this task will be presented. The continuing efforts to develop guidelines and tools, the justifications for these efforts and the state of discussions of more open accessibility of the data and how this is foreseen to be managed are included.

Artem Isaak Alikhanian (1908–1978) (Biographic Sketch)

A.I. Alikhanian is one of founders of experimental nuclear physics in USSR. Starting and development of the atomic nuclei, cosmic ray, and elementary particle physics in Armenia relates to the name Alikhanian. He created the Aragats and Nor-Amberd high-altitude cosmic stations and the Yerevan Physics Institute. He made an essential contribution into the development of high-energy physics and played a significant role in creation of methods of recording high-energy particles.

Developments in high energy theory

This non-technical review article is aimed at readers with some physics background, including beginning research students. It provides a panoramic view of the main theoretical developments in high energy physics since its inception more than half a century ago, a period in which experiments have spanned an enormous range of energies, theories have been developed leading up to the Standard Model, and proposals — including the radical paradigm of String Theory — have been made to go beyond the Standard Model. The list of references provided here is not intended to properly credit all original work but rather to supply the reader with a few pointers to the literature, specifically highlighting work done by Indian authors.

Front-end electronics and trigger systems—Status and challenges

The past quarter century has brought about a revolution in front-end electronics for large-scale detector systems. Custom integrated circuits specifically tailored to the requirements of large detector systems have provided unprecedented performance and enabled systems that once were deemed impossible. The evolution of integrated circuit readouts in strip detectors is summarized, the present status described, and challenges posed by the sLHC and ILC are discussed. Performance requirements increase, but key considerations remain as in the past: power dissipation, material, and services. Smaller CMOS feature sizes will not reduce the power required for the desired noise levels, but will improve digital power efficiency. Significant improvements appear to be practical in more efficient power distribution. Enhanced digital electronics have provided powerful trigger processors that greatly improve the trigger efficiency. In data readout systems, they also improve data throughput, while reducing power requirements. Concurrently with new developments in high energy physics, detector systems for cosmology and astrophysics have made great strides. As an example, a large-scale readout for superconducting bolometer arrays is described.

Theoretical high energy physics: formal theory

This article summarizes the research carried out in the Theory Division of CERN during the last 25 years, and in particular the more formal developments in High Energy Physics.

Non-linear way to supersymmetry and N-extended SUSY

In this report I give a short historical review of some of the first steps that were done towards the invention of SUSY by the Kharkov team headed by D. Volkov. This article is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Yuri Golfand, whose ideas of SUSY inspired the most active developments in High Energy Physics over thirty years.

Recent developments in high energy physics

Recent results from experiments with solar, atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos are presented. Some of the important results from the LEP and TEVATRON colliders are summarised.

Use of application software in the intermediate energy regime at TRIUMF — medical applications

Development and application of software in the field of medical physics has been to a large extent decoupled from similar developments in high energy physics. Still many problems and solutions are common to both fields. TRIUMF carries in addition to its program in high and intermediate energy particle physics a substantiaJ life-science program. The role and application of software in the TRIUMF medical physics program is shown for proton therapy and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

A historical view of imaging systems and technology

AbstractWhen approached from a historical viewpoint the development of many important imaging systems throughout history often share common ground. Extremely important was the development of the idea of mathematical projection which provides methods for making an image that conformally represents the object. The prime example is the discovery of the stereographic projection by Hipparchus of Nicaea in the second century BC. The stereographic projection provided the basis for the astrolabe, an astronomical device that acted both as an instrument of observation and as an analog computer. The stereographic projection and similar ones also provided the basis for the world maps of the ancients which utilized a grid of longitude and latitude. When the ancient Greek books were rediscovered in the Renaissance, the maps provided the impetus for the age of exploration. The Mercator projection of the sixteenth century was obtained as a logarithmic transformation of the stereographic projection. The Mercator projection provided sea captains with maps that had a rectangular grid of latitude and longitude and also had the property that straight lines represented courses of constant compass directions. The development of the telescope and microscope in the early seventeenth century provided means to obtain images that could not be seen by the unaided eye. Galileo's discovery of the moons of Jupiter led to Roemer's determination in 1676 that light travels at a finite velocity. Unknowingly, Roemer also discovered the relativistic Doppler effect, which in the present century helped to establish our concept of the expanding universe. The relativistic Doppler factor mathematically is none other than the expression for the stereographic projection of Hipparchus. The development of high energy physics in this century has led to images of the microworld of subatomic particles. In this environment Einstein's equation E = mc2 finds verification. This equation is a result of the theory of special relativity. The basic mathematics of special relativity is contained in the Lorentz transform. Again we can return to Hipparchus, because the Lorentz transform follows from a sequential application of the stereographic projection.

Book reviews

Symmetries and Properties of Non-rigid Molecules. A Comprehensive Survey. Edited by J. Maruani and J. Serre. (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1983.) [Pp. xv + 520.] Scope: Conference proceedings. Level: For specialists only. Photon-Photon Collisions. (Fifth International Workshop, Aachen, April 1983.) Edited by C. Berger. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. v +417.] DM 52; $c. 20-20. Scope: Conference Proceedings. Level: For specialists only, Specialist post-graduate. Gauge Theories of the Eighties. (Arctic School of Physics, Akaslompolo, Finland, 1982.) Edited by H. Araki and others. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. v+644.] DM82; $35.40. Scope: Conference proceedings. Level: Specialist postgraduate. Recent Developments in High Energy Physics. (Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference for Nuclear Physics, Graz, Schladming, Austria (Supplement 25 to Acta Phisicu Austrici.) Edited by H. Mitter and C. B. Lang. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. 547.] Aust. Sch. 970; DM 138; $c. 53.60. Scope: Conference proceedings. Level: Specialist postgraduate. Stochastic Processes. Formalism and Applications. (Hyderabad Winter School, December 1982). Edited by G. S. Agarwal and S. Dattagupta. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. vi+324.] DM 42; $c. 16.70. Scope: Conference Proceedings. Level: Specialist postgraduate. Advanced Synergetics. Instability Hierarchical Essay. Organizing Systems and Devices. By H. Haken. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. xv + 356.1 DM 98; $c. 38.90. Scope: Treatise/Textbook. Level: Specialist postgraduate. The Method of Differential Approximation. By Yu. I. Shokin, translated by K. G. Roesner. (Springer-Verlag 1983.) [Pp. xiii + 296.] DM 96; $41.40. Scope: Treatise/Textbook. Level:For specialists only. Laser Physics. Proceedings of the Third New Zealand Symposium, January 1983. Edited by J. D. Harvey and D. F. Walls. (Springer-Verlag, 1983.) [Pp. ii+ 263.] DM36; $c. 15.60. Scope:Conference Proceedings; Level: For specialists only. Concepts of Quantum Optics. By P. L. Knight and L. Allen. (Pergamon Press, 1983.) [Pp. ix+ 217.] £0.000. Scope: Textbook; Level: Specialist post-graduate. Laser-Plasma Interactions (Les Houches, 1980). Edited by R. Balian and J. C. Adam. (North-Holland, 1982.) [Pp. xv+ 808.] Dfl375.00, $159.50. Scope: Treatise; Level: Specialist postgraduate. Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences. By G. W. Gardiner. (Springer-Verlag, 1983.) [Pp. xix +442.] DM 1 15; $44.70. Scope: Treatise/Textbook; Level: Specialist post-graduate. Theory of lncommensurate Crystals. By V. L. Pokrovsky and A. L. Talapov, translated by J. G. Adashko. (Harwood Academic Publishers, 1984.) [Pp. xii + 162.] $77.50. Scope: Textbook;Level: Specialist post-graduate. Nuclear Power (New Edition). By W. C. Patterson. (Penguin Books, 1983.) [Pp. 256.] £2.50. Scope: Library; Level: General reader. Spectroscopy and Excitation Dynamics of Condensed Molecular Systems. Edited by V. M. Agranovich and R. M. Hochstrasser. (North Holland, 1983.) [Pp. xi+ 701.1 Dfl390.00, $166.00. Advances in Laser Spectroscopy. Edited by F. T. Arecchi, F. Strumia and H. Walther. (Plenum Press, 1983.) [Pp. ix + 506.] $79.50. Scope: Study Institute; Level: For specialists only. Laser Spectroscopy VI. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, Interlaken, JuneJuly 1983. Edited by H. P. Weber and W. Lüthy. (Springer-Verlag, 1983.) [Pp. xvii+442.]DM 75; Sc. 29.10. Scope: Conference Proceedings; Level Specialist post-graduate. Powers of Ten. By Philip and Phyllis Morrison, and the Office of C. and R. Eames. (ScientificAmerican Books/W. H. Freeman, 1983.) [Pp. 150+index.] L10.95. Weak Interactions-Formulae, Results and Derivations. By H. Pietschmann. (Springer-Verlag (Vienna and New York), 1983.) [Pp: ix +202.] Hun.s.504; DM 72; k.28.00. Scope: Library (reference); Level: For specialists only, Specialist post-graduate. Theory of tbe Inhomogeneous Electron Gas. Edited by S. Lundqvist and N. H. March. (Plenum Press, 1983.) [Pp. xiii + 395.) $55.00. Scope: Textbook, Library; Level: Specialist postgraduate. Nonlinear methods of Spectral Analysis (Second Edition). Edited by S. Haykin. (Springer-Verlag,1983.) [Pp. xiii+263.] DM 58; k.23.10. Scope: Survey; Level: For specialists only. Electronic and Molecular Structure of Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces. Edited by W. N. Hansen, D. M. Kolb and D. W. Lynch. (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1983.) [Pp. x + 698.) Dfl350.00, $134.75. Scope: Conference Proceedings; Level: Special post-graduate. Mass Transport in Solids. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Lannion, France, July 1981. Edited by F. Bénière and C. R. A. Catlow. (Plenum Press, 1983.) [Pp. xii + 602.] $85.00. Scope: Conference Proceedings; Level: Special post-graduate.

Recent Developments in High-Energy Physics

Arnold Perlmutter and Linda F Scott (eds) 1980 New York: Plenum vii + 311 pp price $39.50 This book consists of a series of articles based on talks presented at the Orbis Scientiae 1980 meeting at the University of Miami. The articles are almost entirely on specialised, and mostly theoretical, topics in elementary particle physics.