Development Of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Research Articles

‘Meliodiosis’ complicated with guillain-barre syndrome: A case report

Melioidosis is a disease caused by gram negative bacteria called Burkholderia Pseudomallei. Development of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) with this disease is very rare. We report a case of Melioidosis which got complicated with development of GBS

Mechanisms of central nervous system damage in COVID-19

The issues of diagnosis and treatment of nervous system damage in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) remain relevant, regardless of information and experience in treating such patients, accumulated nowadays. The review contains updated data on the ways of SARS-CoV-2 invasion, examines mechanisms of central nervous system damage: direct virus-induced damage, immune dysfunction, excessive thrombo-inflammation, coagulation disorder, cytokine and metabolic imbalance, hypoxia, etc.; it presents clinical examples with one variant of damage — the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome that, to some extent, allows to confirm the virus neurotropism. Doctors’ knowledge about this infection is constantly expanding, new information appears on its various neuropsychiatric effects during an acute period and post-COVID syndrome, on symptoms, treatment and prevention strategy. These data enables to understand better the reasons for developing the main clinical manifestations, from a headache or myalgia to more severe symptoms, such as a stroke, psychosis and anosmia, severity and reversibility of their course. Although several hypothesis of CNS damage pathogenesis in COVID-19 are being discussed, the unified pathophysiological mechanism of many dysfunctions remains unclear, and, probably, additional factors, such as social isolation during a pandemic, presence and treatment in the intensive care unit, premorbid somatic status of a patient, contribute to the development of some registered nervous system disorders.

Axonal-Variant Guillian-Barre Syndrome Temporally Associated With mRNA-Based Moderna SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

We present a case of an 86-year-old woman who presented with a progressive quadriparesis two days after her second dose of Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evidence of cytoalbuminocytological dissociation and electromyogram/nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) findings suggestive of acute axonal motor neuropathy. Her clinical symptoms did not improve with plasmapheresis.There appears to be a potential temporal association between the inoculation of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). Despite this possible association, infection prevention using highly effective mRNA-based vaccines remains highly recommended. Large epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related adverse events are needed. Physicians should be aware of this possible temporal association since the prompt diagnosis and treatment of GBS can drastically improve outcomes.The aim is to report a case of axonal-variant GBS that was temporally associated with an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Zika Fever: Basic Facts About the Infection

At the beginning of 2016, the World Health Organization announced the spread of Zika virus to be a global threat. Serious concerns about the little-known up to the present time Zika fever are caused by the growth of neurological complications of this disease. There is no strong evidence yet, but more and more often this infection is associated with congenital skull and brain malformations, development of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The article presents the basic information on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of viral Zika fever, and modern possibilities of its prevention.

The Development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Gbs) in Association with Confirmed Lyme Disease. A Potential Autoimmune Response in Gbs Secondary to Tick-Borne Diseases?

Vector borne diseases have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. In this case we report a 73 year old woman initially diagnosed with lyme disease who subsequently developed guillain-barre syndrome (GBS). Her relevant clinical presentation included protean symptoms of numbness and progressive weakness in her legs for three weeks prior to consultation by the neurology service. A lyme ELISA and confirmatory Western Blot testing were unequivocally positive. A clinical diagnosis of CNS lyme disease was made. Additional clinical evaluation included: electrophysiological testing, which demonstrated significant polyneuropathy consistent with demyelinating pathology. A lumbar puncture with cerebral spinal fluid analysis revealed a non-reactive VDRL, negative lyme DNA PCR, positive lyme IgG antibody and an elevated protein-elevated albumin with normal white count. Upon further clinical deliberation this constellation of signs and symptoms was determined to be more consistent with a diagnosis of GBS rather than CNS lyme disease. Initiation of medical therapy included IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) and parenteral ceftriaxone. This case may report an additional vector of disease in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of GBS.

A rare case of infectious mononucleosis complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome

Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy and pharyngitis. Neurologic complications of infectious mononucleosis, such as the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome, have been rarely reported and usually present late in the course of the disease. We describe a case of a 29 year old male with no significant past medical history who was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome following an infection with Epstein-Barr virus associated infectious mononucleosis. Supportive treatment resulted in full recovery.

A history of Doughty's Hospital Norwich, 1687-2009 - By Nigel Goose and Leanne Moden

The role of influenzalike illnesses and influenza vaccination in the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), particularly the role of A/H1N1 epidemics and A/H1N1 vaccination, is debated. Data on all incident GBS cases meeting the Brighton Collaboration criteria that were diagnosed at 25 neurology centers in France were prospectively collected between March 2007 and June 2010, covering 3 influenzavirus seasons, including the 2009-2010 A/H1N1 outbreak. A total of 457 general practitioners provided a registry of patients from which 1,080 controls were matched by age, gender, index date (calendar month), and region to 145 cases. Causal relations were assessed by multivariate case-control analysis with adjustment for risk factors (personal and family history of autoimmune disorders, among others), while matching on age, gender, and calendar time. Influenza (seasonal or A/H1N1) or influenzalike symptoms in the 2 months preceding the index date was associated with GBS, with a matched odds ratio of 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 8.2). The difference in the rates of GBS occurring between influenza virus circulation periods and noncirculation periods was highly statistically significant (P = 0.004). Adjusted odds ratios for GBS occurrence within 6 weeks after seasonal and A/H1N1 vaccination were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.4, 4.1) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.1, 7.6), respectively. Study results confirm that influenza virus is a likely risk factor for GBS. Conversely, no new concerns have arisen regarding influenza vaccination.

Comparison of galE gene of Campylobacter jejuni strains associated Guillain-Barré syndrome

Objective To investigate the Camtrylobacterjejuni's risk factors which were associated with the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome( GBS), the galE gene of C. jejuni strains were sequenced and the sequencing results were compared with other C. jejuni strains. Methods Selecting three GBS-asso-ciated C.jejuni strains isolated from stools of GBS patients who had been diagnosed as AMAN pattern by clin-ical and electrophysiological test from Hebei province, China. After sequencing galE gene, the results were spliced and assembled into a complete sequence by the terminals overlapped each other. The sequences of galE gene were compared with the corresponding sequences in GenBank to find the mutation and constructed the phylogenetic tree. Results The variation frequency of galE sequences of GBS-associated C. jejuni were higher than that of non-GBS-associated C. jejuni. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that each of the three C. jejuni strains was separately genetically closed to three strains which sequences have published in GenBank. The alignment with the related sequence of NCTC11168 shows that there are 4 same mutations in the galE gene of the three C. jejuni strains. The phylogenic tree reflected the regional feature of C. jejuni. Conclusion The probability of sequence variation of galE of GBS-associated C.jejuni is significantly higher than non-GBS-associated C. jejuni strains, the relation between the variation and GBS-pathogenesis remains to be further confirmed. The mutations found in the three C. jejuni strains established the foundation for ex-ploring the biologically characteristic of GBS-associated C. jejuni strains. Key words: Guillain-Barre syndrome; Campylobacter jejuni; galE gene; Sequence analysis

Sensitivity and specificity of serology in determining recent acute Campylobacter infection.

The measurement of serum antibodies to Campylobacter spp. has been used to investigate links between prior Campylobacter infections and the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome and its variants. Little is known of the serum antibody response to acute infections in the short- or long-term. The aims of the present study were to investigate the normal serum response to an acute Campylobacter infection and the sensitivity and specificity of anti-Campylobacter antibodies in determining recent Campylobacter infection. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure serum anti-Campylobacter immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM antibodies. Controls consisted of 420 blood donors without recent gastroenteritis, 25 patients with other gastrointestinal infections, 24 patients with neurological conditions not affecting the peripheral nerves and 19 patients with autoimmune disorders. Three patient groups were assessed: 99 patients with acute Campylobacter infections, all of whom were tested 3 weeks post-infection; 69 of these patients tested 3-6 months later; and 74 additional patients tested >20 months post-infection. Western blot analysis was performed on controls and patients with high titre anti-Campylobacter antibodies to assess for cross-reactivity and specificity. Following acute infections, all antibody classes rose in the majority of but not in all patients, followed by decreasing titres that did not return to baseline levels. Sixteen per cent of enteritis cases did not demonstrate a rise in titres and 9% of cases had significant levels of antibodies >20 months post-infection. The ELISA used was shown to be highly specific for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies. The use of Campylobacter-specific antibody levels as the sole marker of prior infection is an unreliable method of determining the association between Campylobacter infection and neurological disease.

Potential role of lipopolysaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni in the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome

Potential role of lipopolysaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni in the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome

The Therapeutic Role of Gangliosides in Neurological Disorders.

Numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental animal studies have demonstrated that gangliosides, particularly GMI ganglioside (siagoside), may stimulate or accelerate the repair of peripheral and central nervous system neurons after various types of damage. Clinical studies of GMl in peripheral neuropathies and stroke, disorders in which the effects of GM 1 have been studied most extensively, have yielded inconsistent results. Problems of inadequate study design, inclusion of heterogenous clinical popUlations and variations in dosage, duration of treatment and timing of initial administration make it difficult to compare results from individual studies and to conclusively assess efficacy of GMl treatment. Therefore, further clinical studies of gangliosides seem warranted.Despite efforts to link gangliosides with the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome, there are no valid data to support such an association. Gangliosides, in particular GM I, are well tolerated after repeated administration to humans and do not appear to be immunogenic.GM1 may be a useful therapeutic agent if administered to particular patients with a specific spectrum of symptoms and disease severity. In addition, to be effective the agents need to be administered in appropriate dosages and at an appropriate time after neuronal injury. Human clinical trials of gangliosides should continue cautiously and with restraint.