Development Of Green Open Space Research Articles

Green Open Space Development as a Green City Concept Implementation Strategy (Case Study in Samarinda City)

The rapid growth and development of the city has been experienced by various regions, one of which is Samarinda City, which is the capital of East Kalimantan Province. As a result of the development of Samarinda City, causing environmental problems accompanied by other negative impacts. To deal with and solve these problems, the method determined by the Samarinda City government is by implementing the green city concept. One of them is the development of green open space as an indicator of the green city concept. Through observation, interviews and documentation, the results of the research were (1) only about 10% of Samarinda City’s green open spaces, (2) the constraints faced were limited land, insufficient budget, land acquisition, violations of provisions on land and building use, lack of coordination between implementers of RTH providers, as well as the lack of compliance and understanding of the public regarding green open spaces, (3) The strategy implemented by the Samarinda City Government in implementing the green city concept is, providing green open space through the ProBebaya program, increasing community compliance and implementing private green open space regulations, providing sanctions, and socialization of the importance of green open space.

Management of Green Open Spaces in the Malang City Region, Indonesia

Based on Malang City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2011 concerning Regional Spatial Planning in Malang City, regulations have been regulated regarding the existence, management, and availability of green open space in Malang City as an ecological balance in the Malang City area. However, this policy has only partially influenced green open space development, especially city parks. So currently, the Malang City government is managing and revitalizing several green open spaces (RTH) areas and city parks; even though they need to be improved, such funding problems hamper them. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research location was carried out at the Malang City Environmental Service. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. For data analysis techniques in this research, we use techniques from Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and data verification. The research results explain that budget problems have resulted in managing green open spaces limited to maintenance activities. This can be seen from indicators in policy implementation, which include the communication factor, namely the clarity of policy orders from the city government to the implementing organization, even though there has been no form of socialization to the public. The next factor is resources in the form of limited regional income and expenditure budgets, limiting the management of green open spaces. The third factor is good cooperation and coordination between related areas and regional apparatus organizations from within and outside the organization, such as the private sector or corporate social responsibility (CSR).Fourth, the bureaucratic structure, namely the organizational structure, the appropriate division of tasks and functions, and standard operational procedures have been implemented in green open space for the environmental service.

Urban green space development plans and strategies in Sorong city Southwest Papua Province

The city administration considers implementing urban green open spaces a viable solution to meet Indonesia's Folu Net Sink 2030 target and the Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience (LTS LCCR) 2050. This initiative addresses the urban environment's declining carrying capacity and resilience. The current urban green open space development level in Sorong City stands at 8.21%, which falls short of the 30% target mandated by the central government. The utilization of SWOT analysis is employed as a means to construct comprehensive plans and strategies. The findings indicate that the IFE value is 2.38, while the EFE value is 2.27. To mitigate the effects of potential threats, it is essential to ascertain the defensive mechanisms employed by the entity under consideration. A total of 110 weakness-threat (WT) strategies were identified through the collaborative efforts of managers and municipal environmental planners, who combined 10 weakness aspects with 11 threat components. Regrettably, a limited number of these hypothetical solutions demonstrated satisfactory performance. The Urban Green Open Space Development (UGOSD) initiative in Southwest Papua has found six viable Wakness-Threat (WT) alternatives to enhance the urban green infrastructure system.

Analisis Politik Ruang Terbuka Hijau Studi Kasus pada Kecamatan Lamongan, Kabupaten Lamongan

This study seeks to explain: (1) How is environmental politics in the form of green open space development in Lamongan distict, Lamongan Regency (2) How is the dynamics of interests between actors in the practice of green open space development. The results that can be conveyed are (1) Development of green open space in Lamongan district until now is still not optimal; the ability of the community to actively participate in environmental management programs is very small. This condition has an impact on the function of green open space that has not been felt by the community and has an impact on aspects of maintenance that are not given attention. From the research results, the development of Green open space in Lamongan district is still dominated by private green open space which is more than 90%. Meanwhile, the allocation for green belt land use, parks and recreation areas is still not maximal. If we connect with the Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 5 of 2008, this is very far from expected because the ratio of green open space is 30 percent of the total area of ??Lamongan which reaches 1,782 km2 (2) District Government. Lamongan is currently still focusing on economic issues and putting aside environmental issues, especially green open space, therefore sustainable development is very difficult to carry out optimally in Lamongan district. The government in making spatial planning only prioritizes capitalist interests, and or more provides space andonly for investors.

Sustainability Analysis of Green Open Space Development of Kupang City Nostalgic Park

In the City of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province, the development carried out by the government continues. One of them is the construction of a park which is a green open space for the community. One of the parks which is very popular as a recreation area in the City of Kupang is the Nostalgia Park, therefore researchers are interested in conducting research on the sustainability of the construction of green open spaces in the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park.The method utilized in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, conducted in Kupang City with a total of 15 informants, and data gathering procedures include observation, interview, and document search techniques. The acquired data is then examined using data analysis techniques developed by Creswell (2016: 264-268). The sustainability of the development The Methodology in Sustainable Development Indicators (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001: 14) was used to analyze the green open space in Nostalgia Park in Kupang City, which is described in three aspects with the findings on; (a) the social aspect with the construction of the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park can provide a positive social impact but is still constrained by theft and destruction of park facilities and infrastructure while from an economic aspect the c The availability of city parks as the city's lungs has been fulfilled in the framework of the development of the Kupang City Nostalgia Park

The Study of the Potential of Green Infrastructure Using Geodesign Approach in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic in Bandung

Green open space (RTH) - the main element of green infrastructures - is an essential component that determines the quality of our urban environment. However, the current urban planning practices focus more on achieving a minimum standard or a standard need per capita rather than on the importance of green open space in supporting public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected urban life widely and informed us of the central position of public health issues and the provision of green open space. This study aims to examine the integration between factors that control the state of public health and urban landscape planning and design by adequately providing urban green open spaces. It explores the use of geographic information technology (GIS) using the Geodesign method. It develops spatial data content, including the area's physical and non-physical variables, including the number of COVID-19 cases. This study uses a computer-assisted GIS data overlay analysis technique with a multi-objective analysis method. The city of Bandung is chosen as a case study as it is one of the big cities in Indonesia that still needs to meet the minimum green open space proportion required by Regulation Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. This study proposes 3 (three) urban green open space development scenarios, each with different variables following the current (status quo) spatial planning approach, a balanced approach, and a responsive approach. Based on these three scenarios, ten urban villages of Bandung are prioritized to have an additional green open space to achieve the minimum percentage of 20%.Keywords: green infrastructure; green open space planning; urban landscape; pandemic, Bandung city

Urban Ecosystem Network. Standardization’s Effects upon Development of Green Open Spaces in the Arosuka River Flow Area

This study examines the impact of standardized supervision on green space development in the Arosuka river flow basin. Whoever manages the Solok Regency government's park is accountable for meeting the community's oxygen demands. This mixed-method study analyzes respondents' impressions of questionnaires. 64 employees of Solok Regency's Field of Parks and City Decoration participated in the study. Statistical analysis confirms the study's research hypothesis. Supervision can affect green city development by 59.84%, and the two have a favorable association. This associative quantitative study measures respondents' impressions of questionnaires. 64 gardening and decorating division employees participated in the study. Statistical analysis confirms the study's research hypothesis. Where supervisory standardization on green open areas by 99.4% has a good link.

Pemilihan Area Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Menggunakan Metode AHP dan TOPSIS di Kota Yogyakarta

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program is a world development agenda that aims to optimize the potential of human welfare resources globally. One such program is sustainable development in the form of green open spaces. The basis for Green Open Space (RTH) regulations is Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning and Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 5 of 2008. The minimum requirement for green open space in a city is 30% of the total area. The City of Yogyakarta has increased the area of ​​green open space to prevent shrinkage of the area due to the impact of development into a commercial area and as an anticipation of disaster. This study selected the best green open space development areas in the city of Yogyakarta using the AHP and TOPSIS methods. The decision-making analysis method used in this study is AHP-TOPSIS. The results of the analysis stated that the total green open space of Yogyakarta City was 23.7% of the total area with 8.2% public green open space and 15.5% private green open space. By considering the 3 criteria and 10 sub-criteria for the 4 alternatives, it is known that the assessment of technical criteria is considered more important than economic and environmental. While the results of the comparison of the sub-criteria stated that the area is more considered with a weight of 0.187 compared to the other sub-criteria. The largest alternative preference value is the Umbulharjo Kemantren at 0.638, the Kotagede Kemantren with a preference value of 0.587. Kemantren Gondokusuman with a preference value of 0.487. As well as Kemantren Danurajen with a preference value of 0.347. Based on the 4 alternatives offered, the Umbulharjo Kemantren was selected and deserves to be recommended as an area for the Yogyakarta City Green Open Space development.

KEBUTUHAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PUBLIK DI KABUPATEN TABALONG BERDASARKAN LUAS WILAYAH, JUMLAH PENDUDUK DAN KEBUTUHAN OKSIGEN

This study aims to assess the the need of green open space based on area, population, and oxygen needs in Tabalong regency, and aims to assess the direction of public green open space development of green open space needs in Tabalong regency. This research was conducted in Tabalong regency, South Kalimantan. This study used a quantitative method which emphasize to green open space data analyze based on area, population, and oxygen needs. The result showed that the need for Green Open Space in Tabalong based on area is 71.067 ha, based on population is 510,18 ha, and based on oxygen needs is 20.381 ha. Public Green Open Space Needs in Tabalong Regency based on area, population, and oxygen needs is still unfullfiled. Therefore the approach of Green Open Space development should be refers to Green Base Coefficent (KDH), conversion of non-productive open space to public green open space, and reforestation.

The The correlation of CO concentration and green open space (case study of Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta)

Green Open Space serves indirectly to improve the level of public health. One of the sub-districts in South Jakarta is Jagakarsa is a potential area in the development of Green Open Space. Therefore, in this study, ananalysis of the relationship between Green Open Space and carbon was carried out. Determination of the relationship between the area of Green Open Space and CO was carried out using the correlation analysis method. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of air quality data for five years in South Jakarta Area. Data were processed with SPSS to get the correlation between CO and land used.The results have proven that there is a very strong relationship between Green Open Space and CO with a correlation value of -0,865. Where every decrease in the existing area of Green Open Space/Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) greatly affects CO levels. Based on Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning spatial planning, the minimum proportion of green open space in a city is 30% of the city area, but in Jagakarsa, it is decreased to 10,33 %.

Opportunities and challenges of urban green open space for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Bogor, West Java

Urban green open space area is one of the strategies to deal with climate change mitigation and adaptation issues. As one of the relevant exemplifications of the “Urban Forest” concept and sustainable urban development, legal control of urban green open space is necessary to support the effort. This study examines urban green open space policies, practices, opportunities, and challenges in Bogor city regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, local regulations, including legal issues, key players, and their roles in urban forest management were also discussed. A desk study with descriptive exploratory was implemented in this paper. The results showed that there are challenges in the implementation of urban green open space area policies into urban forest practices. The land size allocation for urban forests in Bogor, West Java, is still not by the existing policies as their land size is far less than 30%. Moreover, most local regulations have relatively paid little attention to private property policy. Local governments can enact local regulations for technical guidelines in short-term strategy as local regulations are expected to support the regional level of urban forests and green open space development. Multi stakeholders’ cooperation and community engagement are potential initiatives for urban forest development at the local government level for climate change resilience.

Landscape Engineering Adjustment for Designing the Public Green Open Space of the ex-Kacangan Market, Boyolali Regency

Ex-Kacangan market is one of the focuses for the development of green open space in Boyolali. The site is currently an empty land that is filled with demolition waste. As a result, the site’s characteristics have changed. The slope of the land makes the site threatened by various disasters such as floods, landslides, or erosion. The purpose of this research is to make recommendations for the design of the ex-Kacangan Market land as a public green open space that can maximize potential and minimize existing constraints. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method referring to the landscape design process of Booth (1999) accompanied by an analysis of the effect of demolition waste on the quality of the site as the design basis. The basic concept of “urban retrofitting” is the basis used in the landscape design of this research. The concept is applied to the design concept through the interpretation of Mount Merbabu as an icon of the Boyolali landscape. The design is in the form of adjusting the slope of the land through site grading, making drainage channels according to the amount of runoff, and selecting efficient and economic materials on the site.

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR GREEN OPEN SPACE BASED ON OXYGEN REQUIREMENT IN MEDAN CITY

Medan City is a Metropolitan City with a high population growth rate, in line with the growth rate of regional development. These problems spur the occurrence of land use change. The need for land for residential locations, transportation infrastructure facilities and others will impact the reduced availability of green open space as an oxygen producer in the city of Medan. This study aims to examine the distribution of green open space, estimate the need and adequacy of green open space, and develop directions for developing green open space. This research was conducted from January to completion, using the method of interpretation and analysis of spatial data from quick bird images taken from the SAS Planet application, and calculations were carried out using the Gerarchic formula to determine oxygen demand. The results showed that the area of green open space in Medan City was 86.27 km2 (33%), and non-vegetated/non-green open space was 178.83 km2 or equivalent to (67%) of the Medan City area of 265.10 km2. The oxygen plants produce in green open spaces is 4,367,418.75 kg/day. Meanwhile, the oxygen demand in Medan City is 5,150,425.98 kg/day, and when converted into green open space, it is 101.74 km2. Directions for the development of green open spaces can be carried out in several ways, namely managing green spaces, synergizing the natural and artificial environment, implementing a low-cost transportation system, empowering population policy strategies, utilizing water and energy resources, maintaining environmental health based on city planning that favours development principles sustainable.Keywords: Green open space, Oxygen, Quickbird Image, Medan

Re-imagining Jakarta after capital city relocation using nature-based solutions: a journal article review

Relocation of the capital city from Jakarta to Nusantara does not necessarily reduce the population pressure and does not solve Jakarta's environmental problems. One of the newest concepts that mainstreaming urban resilience in order to adapt to the climate change impact is nature-based solutions. For this reason, it is necessary to look for the potential for this concept to be applied in Jakarta, which aims to contribute to a sustainable future city design for Jakarta. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted through a literature review by comparing case studies in various cities in the world to obtain information on the latest developments in the concept of nature-based solutions. Various nature-based solutions that have been successfully implemented by cities in the world can be adapted for implementation in Jakarta by taking into account their feasibility and suitability to the characteristics of Jakarta. The regeneration of Jakarta as a resilient and sustainable city can be done by prioritizing nature-based solutions, such as renaturalization and rewilding. Renaturalization is not only focused on park development, but on rainwater management and restoration of watershed quality with a multifunctional utilization design. In addition, well-managed rewilding can become an option to increase biodiversity. Various nature-based solutions that have been successfully implemented by cities in the world can be adapted for implementation in Jakarta by taking into account their feasibility and suitability to the characteristics of Jakarta. The focus of green city development which is only on the development of green open spaces has resulted in the failure to provide solutions to environmental issues and urban sustainability. Deeper citizen engagement is required for the implementation of inclusive nature-based solutions. With the increasing environmental challenges faced by Jakarta, it is necessary to transform the city into a more resilient and sustainable city with a holistic approach by adopting the concept of a circular city for the management of limited resources.

Identifikasi Sebaran Pohon di Hutan Kota BNI Banda Aceh

The development of the economy and the increase in population in urban areas have led to the increasing use of green open space for other purposes. The development of green open space (RTH) is expected to improve the environmental quality of an urban area and revitalize urban ecosystems. BNI City Forest has various types of trees to support the beauty and beauty of urban areas, the presence of tree species in the BNI City Forest Environment has not yet identified the location of the tree distribution, therefore research on identifying the distribution of trees in the BNI City Forest area needs to be carried out. The method used in this research is census ,namely by recording all types and numbers of trees that are above ground level. The results showed that the tree species in the BNI Banda Aceh City Forest area were 16 tree species consisting of 8 families with a total of 318 individuals, Sea cedar ( Casuarina equisetifolia ) was the most commonly found tree species, namely 163 trees (51.3% ). Trees in the BNI City Forest area need to be considered for proper maintenance so that the tree can be maintained and beautiful.Keywords: Urban Forest, tree distribution, green open space, census method

Implikasi Perubahan Kerapatan Bangunan Dan Kerapatan Vegetasi Terhadap Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Di Kota Tangerang

Tangerang City has an increasing population with an annual average of 1.87% between 2009-2019. Increased space requirements, leading to land function changes. The conversion of land use will change the built-up and the vegetation index will affect green open spaces. If it does not support properly, there will be less green open space in Tangerang City. The purpose of the research is to examine implied changes in the built-up and the vegetation index on green open space in Tangerang City. The analysis will be carried out by built-up index, and vegetation index carried out in 2009, 2014, 2019. The analysis is carried out to determine the distribution of the built-up and the vegetation index in the City of Tangerang, so that it can be seen which locations dominated by class distribution high and very high vegetation density. The density class is the assumption that represents green open space. Based on the analysis of the results, the green open space of Tangerang City is less than 30%. So, implications are related to the need for green open space in Tangerang City. The government has implemented the green open space development that has been carried out in the Tangerang City RTRW 2012-2032.

Revisiting the Green City Concept in the Tropical and Global South Cities Context: The Case of Indonesia

Urban areas play a key role in reaching global sustainability as they produce a high amount of waste and emissions, consume a lot of resources, and perform as the prime mover of the global economy. Unsustainable urbanization will generate multidimensional impacts on the earth’s socio-ecological system that is nearly impossible to be managed. As a preemptive action, urban sustainability has been considered as one of the most important targets in the Sustainable Development Goals. Within this context, the green city has emerged as a widely adopted concept around the globe. In the Global North, the concept of a green city has been incrementally developed as efforts to mainstream green infrastructure and nature-based solutions approaches in supporting ecosystem services. Quite the contrary, in the Global South cities, due to their rapid and vast urbanization process, the green city has been fragmentally adopted. Previous studies have proposed three factors, i.e., urbanization, biophysics, and governance, underlying the different approaches of green city development between cities in the Global North and South. Still, more studies are needed to explicate these factors and how these will in turn shape a particular green city trajectory in Global South cities. This study aims to respond to these questions based on green city experimentation in Indonesia. An exploratory study was done based on a literature review and participant observation. The results exhibit that the green city program in Indonesia largely focused on the development of green open spaces which has ultimately failed to improve the urban environment and sustainability. Incorporating local socio-ecological aspects coupled with integrated multi-level and multi-actors’ governance is recommended to increase the green city performances.

The Ability of Green Open Spaces in Greenhouse Gas Control to Achieve Green Cities in Kendari City

The urban challenge in realizing a green city for the purpose of a sustainable city is air pollution resulting from vehicle emissions (Carbon monoxide/ CO2). Reducing vehicle emissions can be done by providing green open spaces. In Kendari City, a potential area for the development of green open space is the Bahteramas General Hospital. Activities in the area and around the Bahteramas General Hospital in Kendari City are quite high so that they contribute to emissions (CO2). The object of research analysis is the number of vehicles (daily traffic), the capacity of electricity use, the area of the Bahteramas General Hospital and the area of the existing green open space. The results showed that the type of vehicle that contributes high to CO2 is a motorcycle. The use of fuel as a source of emission (CO2) which contributes to premium types of greenhouse gases, diesel and the use of electrical energy. The absorption capacity of the existing green open space has not been able to reduce CO2 emissions, so it is necessary to expand the green open space to control greenhouse gases.

Green Open Space Development Based On Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Malang City

The development of facilities and infrastructure in Malang is triggering green open space (GOS) into built-up land. However, the development causes an urban heat island phenomenon (UHI). Therefore, to overcome the increase in environmental temperature, it is necessary to develop green open space. This study aims to identify existing green open spaces in Malang City, identify areas with UHI in Malang City, and determine green open spaces in Malang City. The identification of existing GOS based on land cover data generated through on-screen digitizing Google Earth while identifying UHI generated from the analysis of land surface temperature. The analysis shows that the total green open space in Malang City is 4.214 hectares, consisting of private GOS covering 3.635 hectares (34%) and public GOS covering 579 hectares (5%). Meanwhile, the UHI phenomenon in Malang City already covers 59% of the area of Malang City. Therefore, based on some criteria, 30 urban villages can be developed with green open space and arranged into three priority groups to become priority one covering four villages, priority two covering 14 villages and priority three covering 12 villages.

Development of Green Open Space Policy in The Order to Realize A Sustainable City in Malang

The current massive industrial development in urban areas that is not balanced with reforestation practices will have an impact on the environment such as air pollution, hot environmental conditions, flooding, and the lack of adequate Green Open Space. Therefore, good urban spatial planning is needed through the development of green open space in urban areas to maintain or facilitate urban settlements and reforestation practices for the future urban sustainability agenda so that there is a balance in terms of the economic, social, and natural environment as a form of a sustainable city. In analyzing the problem of this research using the literature study method by analyzing the results and information from previous studies. The result of the research is that the development of green open space in Malang City has not been fully managed properly, this is in accordance with the percentage of public green open space in Malang City which is only 1.362.32 Ha or 12.38% which the results of this percentage are still far from the minimum proportion of public green open space, which is 20% of the area of Malang City. As less than the maximum development of green open space, it will also have an impact on a sustainable city that runs less than optimally.