Development Of Grain Production Research Articles

Precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production

Subject. The article investigates strategic development of grain production, which, in the future, will increasingly rely on elements of precision agriculture. Their use enables to significantly increase the yield of grain crops due to systematic implementation of specialized digital technologies. The latter, under scarce resources, is a determinant in the long-term development of the grain industry. Objectives. The study aims to describe precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production. Methods. I performed a comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction by such indicators as the specific weight of the area of grain fields, the specific weight of synchronized agricultural machinery and other precision farming elements in a single digital space, and the share of covering the need for agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles and crop sensing systems. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Resources of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast data on the number of used precision farming elements served as the analytical base of the study. Results. In the Buturlinsky and Dalnekonstantinovsky municipal districts, the introduction of precision farming elements is at an average systemic level, in Arzamas urban district and Bolshemurashkinsky municipal district – at a low systemic level, and in the rest, it is unsystematical. I offered and tested indicators of comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction. Their analysis helped form a rating of the introduction of precision farming elements in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. Each farm should determine its own level of use of precision farming elements to generate a strategy for introduction of other elements of technology to maximize economic efficiency, including synergistic effect.

Grain storage and processing: main trends in grain market

Among crop crops, cereals have undoubted advantages - high rates of food and feed saturation. Grain is stored for a long time without loss of commercial quality, which means it is used to form reserve and strategic reserves, delivery is carried out by most types of transport, it is also an important resource for the food and processing industries. The goal is to analyze the current situation and develop practical recommendations aimed at improving grain storage technologies as important segment of the grain products industry of the socio-economic system. Methods – statistical-economic, systemic and comparative analysis, logical generalization. Results – accumulation, placement, processing and storage of grain resources, their use and ensuring the effective functioning of grainproduct subcomplex are assigned to grain receiving and grain processing enterprises. Storage of grain products, like many other goods, requires a sufficiently equipped material and technical base and highly qualified personnel with knowledge and experience in this area. Conclusions – at the present stage of development of grain production, it is necessary to take into account various nuances of an economic and managerial nature, to avoid violations during its cultivation, transportation and sale, which can lead to a decrease in quality, and therefore financial losses. In conditions where a continuous process requires compliance with regulations, a centralized mechanism for the distribution of raw materials was developed, and large storage facilities received maximum investment to expand and provide the optimal possible number of business entities located over large territories. Modern equipment for cleaning and drying in tandem with a technological granary will allow you to preserve any type of agricultural crop for a long time without reducing the basic properties.

Methodological approach to determining the zones of strategic development of grain production

Subject. Grain production is developing under conditions of uncertainty, in view of which, its strategic development becomes vital for the agricultural sector. This should take into account the specificities of the spatial development of grain production, which in many respects are closely related to the natural and climatic, production and economic, and other conditions of economic activity. Objectives. The purpose is to formulate a methodological approach to determining the zones of strategic development of grain production in accordance with the Long-term Strategy for Russia's Grain Complex development until 2035. Methods. Due to the multi-criteria nature of grain production zoning, the necessity of using complex methods was proved during the study. My own approach combines the use of analytical alignment methods (based on a parabolic equation with subsequent calculation of the advance indicator) and the matrix method. The testing was conducted according to the data of municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Results. The application of my unique approach resulted in dividing the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast into four zones of strategic development of grain production. In each zone, I defined the pattern of development of grain crops and the sown area allocated to them. I also determined strategic measures aimed at grain output, which must be implemented in each municipality. Conclusions. If applied, the presented solution will enable a differentiated approach to strategic management of grain production at the regional level.

Stages of Development of Grain Production in Azerbaijan

The article presents the materials of studies of the stage-by-stage development of grain growing in Azerbaijan. We also studied in what periods, a soft variety of wheat began to be grown in Azerbaijan, what farming systems were used and what tools the land was cultivated.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Antecedents of Rice Production Efficiency: From a Geospatial Approach

In a response to the appeal for securing the rice production efficiency to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, we adopted a geographic detector model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and driving forces of the rice production in the world’s largest rice-producing country, China. We have analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution features and aggregation patterns of county rice production efficiency based on panel data of 122 counties in Hunan Province, one of the main grain production provinces in China, from 2006 to 2018. Our findings indicate: (1) Hunan Province’s rice production in three counties (i.e., Taoyuan, Liling, and Anren) showed the highest efficiency; there were pronounced regional variances in rice productivity which results in a sharp and rapid shrink of the range of rice productivity, (2) financial investments in agriculture, forestry, and water resources, as well as per capita disposable income of farmers, were the main determinants of the spatiotemporal variation in rice production efficiency, (3) the spatiotemporal divergence of rice production efficiency at the province level was U-shapedly, influenced by the share of secondary industry in GDP; the southern Hunan region received the biggest contribution from farmers in terms of disposable income per person at the regional level. Overall, theoretically, this study offers fresh evidence for regional optimization of rice and other grain production from a novel integrative approach of the geospatial and the land resource preservation. Practically, it provides feasible guidance for the high-quality development of grain production in China, which may also help eradicate hunger and attain sustainable grain production all over the world.

Assessment of the state and trends in the development of grain production as part of the formation of a sustainable fodder supply of agricultural organizations in the Vitebsk region

The current state of the main branches of animal husbandry and the grain crops production, including the corn cultivation for grain, is reviewed, using the example of agricultural organizations in the Vitebsk region. The efficiency of using grain for fodder purposes was analyzed, taking into account the sales prices dynamics and profit margin, the ranking was made according to the yield of feed units per 1 hectare of grain crops and their cost. The most suitable for the region conditions culture has been selected and the factors influencing fluctuations in its yield have been determined.

Agronomic factors are the dominant influence on nitrogen fertilizer strategies in dryland cropping systems

Factors affecting fertilizer decisions made by grain growers are changing in the context of changing climatic conditions and growing volatility in global fertilizer and grain markets. To ensure sustainable development of grain industries in light of this uncertainty, research, development, extension, and adoption activities associated with growers’ fertilizer decisions need to be focused on factors to which they are most sensitive. The aim of this paper is to understand the factors that have the greatest influence on grain producer’s fertilizer strategies, how these factors have changed over recent years, and what is the relative importance of agronomic, socioeconomic, and logistical factors affecting these strategies. A telephone survey of 425 grain-growing businesses in Western Australia was conducted, and survey results were analyzed statistically. We show for the first time that grain growers’ fertilizer decisions are most sensitive to agronomic factors (especially the amount and distribution of rainfall). Logistic factors (such as difficulties fertilizing increasing areas in short periods of time) are growing in influence as farm size, cropping areas, and the number of fertilizer applications within seasons increase. Fertilizer decisions have become less sensitive to socioeconomic factors over the last 10 to 15 years. To ensure sustainable development of grain production, research through to adoption activities should focus on agronomic issues (such as seasonal forecasting) and logistic issues (such as improving planning, organizational, and technical capacity for developing and implementing fertilizer strategies).

ՀԱՑԱՀԱՏԻԿԻ ԱՐՏԱԴՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՐԳԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ ՊԱՐԵՆԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՊԱՀՈՎՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ

Food security of the population is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, which, due to the events of recent years (Artsakh war, pandemic, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, sanctions, export restrictions) and their consequences, has become more acute. The stability of the grain sector in the country is of particular importance from the point of view of improving the food security in Armenia. Based on the study of international practice of state support for agricultural production, the results of analysis on the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA, we have developed a model of state regulation of grain production, where the application of a number of realistic methods and measures is emphasized. The results of the studies document that, despite the government’s efforts to expand grain production, the grain sown areas are decreasing year by year, yield growth is not ensured, and the total growth is decreasing. Studying the international experience of state support for agricultural production, analyzing the results of the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA for 2010-2021, we propose to revise the state regulation tools. In particular, to create a grain commission, form a guarantee and collateral price institute, set grain production and distribution quantities, strengthen contractual relations, form a commodity credit company and a grain price stabilization fund, apply commodity intervention, as well as promote economy-infrastructure intervention. We believe that the mentioned fundamental measures will contribute to the prospective development of grain production, ensure realistic results in the medium term, strengthen the cooperation between the state, production and science, as well as increase the self-sufficiency level of grain and, most importantly, will contribute to ensuring the food security of the Republic of Armenia.

Оценка уровня и потенциала инновационного технико-технологического развития зернового производства в регионах Приволжского федерального округа

The sustainable development of grain production is directly dependent on the pace of technical and technological development and innovation activity. The article presents an assessment of the potential innovative technical and technological development of grain production in the regions of the Volga Federal District based on the developed integral indicator. Using the example of the Saratov Region positive trends have been identified that serve as the basis and drivers of innovative technical and technological development of grain production (increased investment in fixed assets of grain production, an increase in the number of high-performance jobs in agriculture), and negative ones, which at the same time contain development potential (low technical security of agricultural producers, non-compliance scientifically-based fertilizer application standards, low level of innovation activity). Stimulating technical and technological development and increasing the innovative activity of grain producers will allow the industry to move to a new qualitative level and increase the efficiency of the production process.

Резервный потенциал и перспективы повышения эффективности производства зерна в Российской Федерации

The study identifies and examines the process of intensification in grain production as a potential and reserve for increasing the production of grain sub-sector products, prospects for the development of crop production along an intensive path, how the intensification process affects the efficiency of grain production. The main factors that significantly affect the production potential and prospects for the development of grain production in the country are highlighted and justified. The assessment and analysis of the main indicators of cereal crops production, such as: acreage, gross grain harvest, yield of cereals and legumes, are given. The article presents and analyzes promising directions for the development of the crop industry due to the intensification process: chemicalization of grain production by applying organic and mineral fertilizers, gypsum, liming and phosphorization of soils to increase the economic fertility of land. It is shown what role intensification plays in reducing the cost of grain and increasing the profitability of production.

Modern and promising opportunities to improve the economic efficiency of grain farming in Russia.

The article evaluates, according to the criterion of maximizing national economic efficiency, alternative directions for the development of grain production and export known among agricultural scientists; significant difficulties in the functioning of the production of grain, livestock products and their supply to foreign markets in the changed external economic conditions are shown. In this regard, the well-known concepts of developing grain exports and increasing its consumption in animal husbandry as fodder are assessed in a new way, taking into account the likely decrease in the output of final products due to the limited access of the Russian agricultural industry to the use of high-performance efficient technologies in all its divisions, including grain farming. In contrast to the well-known arguments that take into account the individual pros and cons of different areas of development of the grain subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex, the article proposes the principle and tools for their clear quantitative measurement using methods of economic and mathematical modeling. It suggests both the complete acceptance or rejection of one of the directions, and their optimal ratio.

Ecological organization of grain production based on an innovative approach

The prevalence of an innovative type of development based on environmental component is confirmed by the presence in the Strategy and Concept of Sustainable Development of Russia, the Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, the National Assessment of the progress of the Russian Federation in the transition to sustainable development. However, in Russia there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the role of innovation in solving environmental problems, and the system of innovation policy measures noticeably lags behind developed countries, and even some developing countries. Currently, the situation with solving environmental problems based on an innovative approach in Russia remains extremely acute. The modern innovative orientation of the world development makes it necessary to revise the content of the strategy in Russia in order not to lose its place in the world and take a more significant position there. Intensive development of grain production in the first half of the twentieth century became an objective condition for the transition of most grain-producing countries to innovative and progressive management schemes. The formed vector of ecological production based on an innovative approach in the organization of grain farming has provided significant results.

Basic issues in the development of grain production in the Republic of Armenia in the context of food security

Ensuring food independence and food safety is one of the most important issues of social and economic development of the Republic of Armenia. This has a key meaning, since in the current conditions of the social-economic and international policy of the Republic of Armenia, the role of supremacy of national interests and economic security of the state has become even more important. The food security of the country directly depends on the indicators recorded by the agricultural sector, and although the agricultural sector is of strategic importance for the Armenian economy, in 2022, compared to the previous year, the growth was only 0.4%, which is associated with an increase of 5.7% and a decrease by 5% in the horticultural sector. It is especially alarming that one of the main branches of RA agriculture saw a 38.9% decrease in grain output quantities from 2005 to 2022. Emphasizing the role and importance of grain production in the context of food security and security of the country, it becomes necessary to assess the internal reserves for increasing grain production, creating sufficient conditions for the full and effective use of arable land, and developing multifaceted state support tools to intensify the industry.

Analysis of the Coupling Characteristics of Water Resources and Food Security: The Case of Northwest China

Exploring the coupling characteristics of regional water resources and food security helps to promote the sustainable development of grain production and is of great significance for achieving global food security. From the aspects of regional “water supply”, “water use” and “water demand”, the coupling characteristics of water resources and food security were systematically revealed; the new challenges faced by regional food security from the perspective of water resources were clarified; and effective ways to promote the utilization of regional water resources and the sustainable development of grain production were explored. This paper took Northwest China, which is the most arid region, where water-resource utilization and food security are in contradiction, as the research area. The water-resource load index, the water footprint of grain production and the water-consumption footprint were used to quantify the regional water-resource pressure index, as well as the residential grain-consumption types, population urbanization, the industrial-grain-processing industry and their corresponding water-consumption footprints from 2000 to 2020. The coupling characteristics of water resources and food security were systematically revealed. The results showed the following: (1) In 2000–2020, the water-resource load index increased from 4.0 to 10.7, and the load level increased from III to I. At the same time, agricultural water resources were largely allocated elsewhere. (2) During the period, the food rations showed a significant decreasing trend, and the average annual reduction was 3.4% (p < 0.01). The water footprint of animal products increased, particularly for beef and poultry (the average annual growth rates were 9.9% and 6.3%, respectively). In addition, the water footprint of industrial food consumption increased by 297.1%. (3) With the improvement of the urbanization level, the water-consumption footprint increased by 85.9%. It is expected that the water footprint of grain consumption will increase by 39.4% and 52.3% by 2030 and 2040, respectively. Exploring how to take effective measures to reduce the water footprint to meet food-security needs is imperative. This study proposed measures to improve the utilization efficiency of blue and green water and reduce gray water and the grain-consumption water footprint from the aspects of regional planting-structure optimization potential, water-saving irrigation technology, dietary-structure transformation and virtual water trade; these measures could better relieve the water-resource pressure and promote the sustainable development of grain production and water-resource utilization.

Towards a Sustainable Grain Production Network: An Empirical Study from Northeast China

As an important grain-producing area in China, research on the spatial correlation network of grain production in Northeast China is of great significance to ensure food security and realize the sustainable development of grain production. Based on the data of 40 cities in Northeast China from 1999 to 2019, we used the modified gravity model and social network analysis method to explore the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of grain production. Then, we divided the network into four blocks—net spillover block, main beneficial block, broker block, and bidirectional spillover block—and explored the interactive relationships and spillover effects between blocks. On this basis, corresponding policy recommendations were put forward. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial correlation network of grain production in Northeast China presents a complicated development trend, but the overall tightness of the network still needs to be improved. (2) The spatial correlation network of grain production is characterized by multi-center distribution, in which important nodes not only play the role of central actors but also act as intermediaries and bridges in the network. (3) There are obvious spatial correlations and spillover effects between blocks, and it is in the agglomeration stage of the agglomeration–diffusion effect.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN SIBERIA

The paper is devoted to the urgent problem for the regions producing grain under unfavorable natural and climatic conditions providing grain to consumers and the sector of the economy under the conditions of the world food market transformation. Siberia is the largest grain producer in the Russian Federation. The region produces over 14 million tons of grain annually. In turn, according to estimations by scientists at the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the volume of grain production in Siberia could reach 19.7 million tons by 2025. This research aims to determine the formation and development characteristics of grain production and marketing in Siberia and develop the organizational and economic mechanism for its regulation. The approach used for the formation and development of grain production and sales takes into account the interaction of producers, the specifics of Siberian regions and is based on specific areas of the grain market. The research reflects the results of the study, which includes (1) the analysis of Siberia’s natural and climatic conditions, (2) evaluation of grain production and marketing, (3) identification of the specific features of production in the region, and (4) identification of the production and marketing main problems. The grain production and the market analysis have established that there are disproportions between the volume of grain production and food industry demand, livestock production and industrial processing in Siberia regions. The tendencies and patterns analysis of grain complex development in Siberia allows us to conclude that its dynamic development is possible at a qualitatively new level. For this purpose, we have developed the organizational-economic mechanism of grain production and marketing regulation. Only a comprehensive approach to the regulation of production with the active participation of the government will increase the volume of grain on the market.

The grain sub-complex of the region: trends and development prospects when growing competition

The agro-industrial complex of Russia is developing in difficult socio-economic, political conditions; however, the grain sub-complex demonstrates the sustainable nature of its development, confirming this with an increase in production volumes. The key role in this has been played by the introduced organizational, economic, managerial, and structural changes that adapt the industry to work in new economic conditions and risks. As a result, Russia is a leading player in the global food market. In the agricultural sector of the economy, there are intensive and extensive factors of present and future development. The reorientation of production towards the priority of intensive factors is possible, based on such key areas as technical and technological renewal, modernization, digital transformation of the industry, which will provide it with significant competitive advantages in the face of high global risks. The current trends in the world market, aimed at increasing demand for grain, also cause a change in the structure of production in regions. Changes in the structure of production entail changes in production volumes. Extensive factors of growth in the scale of grain production can be used to a very limited extent, without prejudice to the economy and the regional market for agricultural products. The priority direction for further development of grain production in the region should include intensive production methods. In this case, the structure of agricultural land and sown areas does not undergo significant transformation and global structural changes, and the increase in production volumes is achieved due to the complex of applied intensive methods of agricultural production.

Prospects for technological development of grain production in Ukraine

The article examines the problems of technological support for the production of grain crops and the development of the grain industry in Ukraine. A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the yield of grain crops and the main food crop - wheat in Ukraine is presented. The necessity of improving agrotechnological methods and introducing zoned varieties of agricultural crops due to the differentiation of climatic conditions necessary for the development of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine has been proved. A factorial analysis of the effect of intensification on the yield and efficiency of growing winter wheat has been carried out, a direct dependence of wheat yield on production costs and an inverse relationship between profitability and production costs have been established. The essence and advantages of using No-till technologies that do not require preliminary preparation of the field for sowing grain crops are disclosed. Modern trends in the development of technologies in agriculture in Ukraine are presented. The advantages of using various models of intensive technologies aimed at maximizing the realization of the potential of varieties and hybrids of grain crops are disclosed. A comparative characteristic of the elemental costs of growing winter wheat with high-cost and resource-saving technologies is given. The system of indicators for evaluating the economic efficiency of methods for improving the technological support of the production of grain crops is substantiated. Key words: technology, crops, intensification, productivity, technological operation, resources.

Problems and factors of grain production in the conditions of digital economy development

The basis for research work is the works of both domestic and foreign authors. In their works, they reveal the main factors and problems of the development of grain production in Russia. These issues are raised in the materials of scientific conferences, articles in scientific journals, dissertations, monographs. The research uses various approaches and methods, such as abstract-logical, monographic, comparative method. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors and problems of grain production development. In order to determine the factors and problems of grain production development, it is necessary to solve the following issues: 1) determine the factors of grain production development; 2) to study the problems of grain production development within each group of factors.

Analysis on the Regional Types and Evolution Modes of Grain Production in China

<p>By adopting the spatial transfer coefficient of grain production, this article divides the 31 provinces in China into three regional types of grain production, and on this basis, into six production evolution modes. This article studies the production and marketing structure of China in recent years by studying the regional types and the evolution modes of grain production, aiming at providing stronger theoretical support for the future development of grain production in China.</p>