Development Of Geriatric Medicine Research Articles

„Leczyć czy nie leczyć” – rozwój medycyny geriatrycznej w Polsce w okresie powojennym do lat 70. (wybrane zagadnienia)

“To treat or not to treat” – the development of geriatric medicine in Poland in the post-war period until 70’s (Selected Issues) Aging is a slow but progressive and irreversible process. It leads to old age, which is characterized by increasing unfavorable changes in the body. They cover the biological, mental and social spheres. They affect all organs and systems. They cause, among others: failure of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, instability of water, heat and electrolyte management, and failure of detoxification organs. In the post-war period, this posed a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of this age group. Due to the specificity of diseases in the elderly, diagnostics attempted to distinguish groups of patients in relation to the severity of changes, which could facilitate the identification of deficits, needs and problems in order to make a diagnosis. The ongoing changes in the morphology, physiology and pathology of older people resulted in specific therapy, both in terms of conservative and surgical treatment, with particular emphasis on pharmacotherapy. The aim of the study was to learn about selected aspects of the development of geriatric medicine in the post-war period, with particular emphasis on the specificity of pathology, diagnosis and therapy in old age.

Start low, go slow, but look far: the case of geriatric medicine in Balkan countries.

To present an insight of the situation of geriatric medicine in Balkan countries, as it was presented in the context of the 2nd pre-congress seminar of the 16th European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) Congress Athens 2021. Representatives from 8 Balkan countries (Albania, Croatia, Greece, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey) answered 3 questions to reflect the state of geriatric medicine in their country: education on geriatrics; systems/methods for assessment of functional status and frailty; pre-operative risk assessment. An open discussion followed. Undergraduate education in geriatric medicine seems underestimated in medical faculties of Balkan countries, whereas a high heterogeneity is observed at a post-graduate level. Only a few Balkan countries have geriatric medicine as a recognized medical specialty or subspecialty. Functional status and frailty are only sporadically assessed, and pre-operative risk assessment is very rarely performed with a geriatric focus. Scarcity of expertise and structures relevant to geriatric medicine seems to be common. Developing a training curriculum and geriatrics-related structures are two interconnected aspects. Cooperation among physicians and multidisciplinary teams are essential for the practice of geriatric medicine. A functional geriatric network is eventually necessary and ambulatory geriatric expertise is probably a feasible and clinically relevant starting point. Providing pragmatic solutions to the pressing challenges in variable clinical settings, supplementing and working in harmony with existing components of each health system, is probably the most convincing strategy to gain political support in developing geriatric medicine. Balkan countries share common experiences and challenges in developing geriatrics. Whilst the principles of geriatric medicine are perhaps universal, proposed solutions should be adapted to each country's specific circumstances. Cooperation of the Balkan countries could promote in each the development of geriatric medicine. EuGMS is willing to foster relevant actions.

Expert consensus on clinical assessment and intervention of vascular aging in China (2018).

With the development of geriatric medicine, more and more reported research has found that as humans grow old, their blood vessels also age. Blood vessels are vital components of various organs. Vascular aging is an important physiological and pathological basis for the aging of organs and systems of the human body and is the common pathogenesis of various chronic diseases in the elderly. Early detection of vascular aging and the use of correct methods to delay and treat vascular aging are of great significance to prevent and control chronic diseases in the elderly and to deal with the increasingly serious problems of population aging. For this purpose, this consensus is formulated for use by geriatric doctors and related personnel.

Introduction to Abstracts to be Presented at the Fifth Chinese Congress on Gerontology and Health Industry.

It is again with great pleasure that we introduce the research work to be presented at the third Chinese Congress on Gerontology and Health Industry (CCGI), which is published in abstract form in this issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS). The CCGI is a national conference organized by the Chinese Geriatrics Society (CGS), Chinese Medical Association. The third CCGI conference will be held on September 12–14, 2014 in the city of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, the People’s Republic of China. Held in the same city on September 13-15 of last year, the second CCGI conference, received very positive feedback in China and proved to be a great success, with 182 abstracts published by JAGS September 2013 supplement issue [J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61 (S3): S307–S370]. As a result, the number of collaborating professional organizations and government agencies related to geriatrics, gerontology, and senior healthcare has increased to 36 this year, compared to 32 last year. In addition, we have 191 quality abstracts to be included in this issue, about 5% increase from last year. Similar to the second CCGI conference last year, the work to be presented at the third CCGI conference this year encompasses many important areas of geriatrics and gerontology, from basic aging research to clinical trials; from clinical observation to large epidemiological studies; and from biological investigations to social and behavioral research. Studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, malignancies, and other common age-dependent chronic conditions are abundant. Moreover, a number of abstracts describe important findings on genetic polymorphisms in Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment in the genetically homogeneous population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest of China. Several others describe promising results from clinical trials of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for age-related chronic diseases. Also well represented are the cutting-edge basic aging research topics including stem cell biology, carcinogenesis, and cellular senescence. Publication of such exemplary work in geriatrics and gerontology in this supplement issue of JAGS will further our effort to promote meaningful scientific and scholarly exchange with the geriatrics community in the United States and around the world. To this end, we would like to thank again the leadership of JAGS, particularly Dr. Thomas Yoshikawa, Editor-in-Chief, and Mr. Kurt Polesky, Business Development Manager at Wiley for their support and effort in making this a success. As pointed out in JAGS September 2013 supplement issue, China has the largest aging population in the world. The need for the development of quality geriatrics care and aging research in that vast country is unprecedented. With the support from Chinese government agencies and the entire society, the current CGS leadership is dedicated to the development of standards for high quality geriatrics clinical care and education as well as advancement of gerontological research, a necessary step towards establishing geriatrics as a medical subspecialty in China. For instance, CGS is leading the way in developing and standardizing geriatric medicine textbooks as well as organizing national training courses for academic leaders in geriatrics and gerontology. In addition, US medical philanthropy such as the Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership (MMAAP) Foundation has established the Irma and Paul Milstein Program for Senior Health to provide private funding for further development of geriatric medicine and aging research programs in China. It is hoped that leaders in the US geriatrics community can partner with their colleagues in China to apply for such funding (see the MMAAP Foundation website www.mmaapf.org for details). Furthermore, the healthcare market in China has been recently opened to the private sector, and the Chinese government encourages the introduction of innovative geriatrics care models and senior healthcare management expertise to meet the healthcare needs of Chinese senior citizens, creating a unique opportunity for geriatrics *From the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; The American Geriatrics Society, 40 Fulton St, New York, NY, 10038, USA; and Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese Great Wall Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.

Brief history of development of geriatric medicine

Objective Geriatric medicine has become an important medical subspecialty, and will have broad prospects for development. By reviewing the brief history of geriatric medicine, it displays its emergence, birth, concept and scope under different background of social civilization and culture between western and eastern countries. Moreover, it presents the development courses of geriatric medicine in terms of clinical medicine, nursing, education, disciplinary development, academic organization, management and innovation among different countries. As the world's population ages, geriatric medicine is facing both great challenges and opportunities. Only by learning the knowledge and experience from the history and renewing ideas, healthcare professionals can promote the comprehensive development of geriatric medicine, which will be full of vigor and vitality. Key words: Geriatrics; History

Would you be a geriatrician? Student career preferences and attitudes to a career in geriatric medicine

career intentions of medical students may impact on education and workforce planning. We sought to determine (i) career choices of senior medical students; (ii) interest in geriatric medicine; (iii) factors influencing such choices; and (iv) the impact of a 6-week Medicine in the Community module. cross-sectional survey of all senior UCD medical students, before and after completion of a 'Medicine in the Community' module, 2009-11. eighty-two per cent (274/336) completed the survey at module's end. Two-thirds (174) had chosen a future speciality, most frequently general practice (32.1%) and internal medicine (17%). Half (49.8%) believed career selection is made during medical school. Thirty-one per cent would consider a career in geriatric medicine; reasons cited were interesting field (34.5%), clinical variety (25%) and perception as emotionally rewarding (20.2%). Commonest deterrents were perceived slowness-of-pace and not wanting to work with older patients. Female students (adjusted OR: 1.89, P = 0.05) and those prioritising travel opportunities (adjusted OR: 2.77, P = 0.01) were more likely to consider geriatric medicine. Half (51.5%) reported that the community medicine module increased their interest in geriatric medicine; 91.3% that it would positively influence how they treated older patients. Students reporting a positive influence of the module were more likely to consider a career in geriatric medicine (OR: 1.62, P = 0.02). two-thirds of students had already chosen a future speciality. One-third would consider geriatric medicine. This may have important implications for workforce planning and development of geriatric medicine. Undergraduate exposure to the discipline may increase interest in geriatric medicine as a career, and positively influence management of older patients.

Secondary analysis in reflection: some experiences of re-use from an oral history perspective

Reflection on recent developments in the re-use of archived interview data was initiated by drawing on the experience of working on two very different projects: ‘Overseas-trained doctors and the development of geriatric medicine’ and ‘The oldest generation’, one of the Timescapes projects. These two projects, run in parallel but independent of one another, were very different in focus, but both explored the practice of re-use. This article draws out insights acquired and lessons learned. However, by taking a longer reflective view, an engagement with secondary analysis emerges much earlier. The article draws on examples from the author’s own research history, describing how re-engagement with an earlier re-user of her data reveals continuing academic controversies.

Geriatrie: eine Einführung aus gerontologischer Sicht

Geriatrics is in comparison to the other medical professions a relatively new discipline. The calendarical age is not suitable for the characterization of its patient population, the multimorbid old patients. The biofunctional age in terms of the ICF is a better choice. It is characterized in part by physical, psychical, and social context-factors, which can be analysed by geriatric assessments. A better cooperation between basic science orientated gerontological disciplines with the geriatrics will be, beside the implementation into the university medicine and the standardized uniform professional training, of essential importance for the further development of geriatric medicine.

Falls risk assessment score (FRAS): Time to rethink

BackgroundEarly in the development of geriatric medicine, falls were identified as a “geriatric giant”, a nonspecific indicator of functional decompensation. This led to the notion of “falls prevention services”, and the concept that identification of those patients at high risk of falls is essential to approach this group of elderly people. ObjectiveThis work was carried out aiming to develop a model that predicts falls risk for both in- as well as outpatients using clinical variables that are easily assessed in clinical practice. Study DesignA case-control study to determine the risk factors and the prediction rule of falls risk among older people. MethodsThree hundred and seventy-three outpatients and 186 inpatients, with a minimum age of 65 years, were assessed for falls risk factors. The clinical characteristics with independent predictive value for the development of falls were selected using logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of the prediction rule was evaluated using the area under the curve. Cross-validation controlled for over fitting of the data (internal validation) was also carried out. ResultsThe prediction rule consisted of five clinical variables: history of falls in the last 12 months, slowing of the walking speed/change in gait, history of loss of balance in the last 12 months, and impaired sight and weak hand grip. The prediction score ranged from 0 to 6.5, and corresponded to the percent chance of sustaining a fall. For several cutoff values, the positive and negative predictive values were determined. The area under the curve values for the prediction rule was 0.89. ConclusionIn elderly people, the risk of sustaining a fall can be predicted, thereby allowing individualized decisions regarding the patient’s management. Falls risk assessment score is a new self-reported tool that can be used in standard clinical practice by all health care professionals both in the outpatient and the acute hospital inpatient settings. Assessing for the falls risk would help to minimize the negative impact of falling on the patient’s physical, psychological, and social functional abilities.

THE AGING POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GERIATRICS IN CHINA

THE AGING POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GERIATRICS IN CHINA

A theory of age exclusion through closure: ‘Chronological age’ to ‘clinical need’

In an approach, I term ‘age exclusion through closure,’ I describe the exclusion of older people, from the workforce, and from hospital-based continuing care in Britain. Nineteenth century socioeconomic changes—the introduction of workplace technology, social surveys, the New Poor Law, and workhouse isolation, culminated in workforce exclusion on the grounds of chronological age. In the 20th century, the Poor Law ‘therapy’/‘succour’ divide, was recast in the Welfare State ‘health’/‘social care’ divide. Socioeconomic changes—the rising cost of health care, demographic change, the development of geriatric medicine, and economic restructuring, have served to allocatively ration ‘continuing care’ at this interface through the criteria of ‘clinical need.’ To conclude, age has become forged to clinical need, to become a formidable force of exclusion and exploitation perpetuating Poor Law closure between those ‘able’ and ‘unable’ to work, and creating a consequent ‘process of subordination’ within Welfare State capitalism.

Glycobiology in the field of aging research—introduction to glycogerontology

In populations where demographies are shifting towards increased average age, the importance of gerontology is also increasing. The main purpose of gerontology is to elucidate the mechanisms of deterioration, which occur in various parts of the human body through aging, and use this knowledge to improve quality of life among the elderly. By the elucidation of the human genome, a revolutionary development is expected to occur in the field of medical science in the near future. Many important genes related to the aging processes of various organs have already been found and are expected to be useful in the future development of geriatric medicine. However, most of the proteins produced by the human body contain sugar chains, whose importance as biosignals for multi-cellular organisms was revealed by the recent development of the new field of glycobiology. Since sugar chains are formed as secondary gene products by the concerted action of glycosyltransferases, the structures of sugar chains are less strictly regulated than proteins. Accordingly, most of the biosignals associated with sugar chains are not essential for the maintenance of life itself, but are necessary to maintain the ordered social life of cells constructing multi-cellular organisms. Hence, investigation of structural changes of sugar chains that is caused by aging is expected to produce quite a lot of useful information pertaining to the elucidation of diseases induced by aging. This review will summarize our current knowledge of such changes found in the sugar chains of glycoconjugates resulting from the aging process.

Origins and development of geriatric medicine in Australia.

After a tentative beginning 50 years ago, geriatric medicine has become an accepted part of medical practice in Australia. It includes the rehabilitation of elderly people, general aspects of aged care in the community, undergraduate and postgraduate education and research.

The development of geriatric medicine in Australia.

Geriatric medicine has been slow to evolve in Australia for bureaucratic and other reasons. The rapid increase in the aged population demands that a coordinated approach be taken in the future.

A Brief History of the Development of Geriatric Medicine

A Brief History of the Development of Geriatric Medicine

Issues in the development of geriatric medicine in Britain and Australia.

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 146, Issue 3 p. 139-141 Point of View Issues in the development of geriatric medicine in Britain and Australia Roger W. Warne MB BS, MMed(Melb.), MRCP, FRACP, Corresponding Author Roger W. Warne MB BS, MMed(Melb.), MRCP, FRACP Physician in Geriatric Medicine; and First Assistant, National Research Institute of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine n/a@dne.dne Mount Royal Hospital, Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052Reprints: Dr R.W. Warne.Search for more papers by this author Roger W. Warne MB BS, MMed(Melb.), MRCP, FRACP, Corresponding Author Roger W. Warne MB BS, MMed(Melb.), MRCP, FRACP Physician in Geriatric Medicine; and First Assistant, National Research Institute of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine n/a@dne.dne Mount Royal Hospital, Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052Reprints: Dr R.W. Warne.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 1987 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120157.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume146, Issue3February 1987Pages 139-141 RelatedInformation

Hospice: lessons for geriatricians.

Hospice is a new system of medical care provision that has undergone remarkable growth and received widespread support in the United States in less than a decade. Its success is apparently related to an accurate reading of social trends and the ability to fill a widely perceived void in the medical profession. Geriatric medicine is developing in the same environment and has not yet established its social or professional role. A review of the hospice experience suggests directions for the development of geriatric medicine that could promote its growth as a socially useful and professionally desirable new approach to medical education and service.