Development Of Geospatial Technologies Research Articles

Enhancing Spatial Thinking Awareness of World-Scale Geography with Excel Dynamic Map Charts and Virtual Globes

Spatial thinking is a unique thinking skill that geographers use to reason. Every individual is believed to have this thinking skill, but not all are aware of it. This condition causes differences in the development of each person. A person’s spatial thinking can be improved by training. Geospatial technology is a representation tool that many people believe can be used to train spatial thinking skills. However, not many people encounter obstacles when using this technology. The complexity of the command to run is an obstacle that is often found. In line with the development of geospatial technology, many applications integrate this technology as part of visualization tools. This teaching and learning were conducted with Action Research Classroom (three cycles) in the form of Project-Based Learning with Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematic (STEM) approach. This article discusses the findings of the research on the use of Excel dynamic map chart and virtual globe to improve spatial thinking in research subjects with the case study of Indonesian Geography and World Regional Geography. With the Excel application project, for the context of upper-level education, the findings show an increase in spatial thinking skills and mastery of the use of mapping platforms without the need for prior experience of coding, software, or cartography, although it needs to be corroborated by other studies.

Aero Mapping Application for Affected Area Detection by the Semeru Volcano Eruption in 2022

The development of geospatial technology, especially Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) or drones, has been growing rapidly. One of the uses of UAV is to detect disaster hazards, the extent of the affected area, and the element of risks. The latest UAV technology in the form of Aero Mapping is beneficial for mapping disaster-affected areas, in this case, post-volcanic eruption lava flows. Aero mapping with the rotary wing type is low-cost (<$ 2000/Rp.29.500.000) but a potent tool for collecting spatial data quickly and accurately. This application is applied to detect areas affected by volcanic eruptions. The photo image produced by the UAV can be used to analyze lava flows, lava deposits, changes in landforms, and changes in land cover due to volcanic eruptions. This study aims to detect the area affected by the eruption of Semeru Volcano post-eruption in 2022. In the research study area, there is no detailed scale mapping can detect the direction/path of post-eruptive lahars. This research seeks to detail the description of the affected areas. The results of aerial photographs show that low-cost UAVs are capable of producing high-resolution data of up to 2.86 cm/px (Orthomosaic), 6.94 cm/px (DSM), and 3.94 cm/px (GSD) with a total area of up to 755 Ha. This area is obtained from 34 flight processes at an altitude of 120 meters with 70% front and side overlap. These findings prove that aero mapping is a low-cost technique that can be used to map new lava flows after the 2022 eruption at Semeru Volcano.

Combating Overtourism: The Use of Web-GIS in Visualizing Tourist Distribution and Travel Patterns

Web-GIS in the tourism sector can be done using website technology, namely by visualization based on tourism spatial attributes that display polygon-based patterns and points of tourist attraction locations to combat overtourism in tourist attractions. With the development of geospatial technology, tourists' distribution and travel patterns can be visualized by collecting data on tourist visits to tourist attractions and their routes. With the YWDM method, this web-gis was developed using the YWDM methodology with several phases according to the methods used. This application uses an open-source programming language, namely Javascript, and uses JSON as an upstream geodatabase. The results show that Web-GIS visualization of the distribution and travel patterns can make it easier to monitor the density of a tourist attraction. It is well developed in providing more accurate information on the distribution and density of tourist attractions. With the YWDM methodology, visualization can be done like the software development stage and equipped with steps in need for spatial data management.

Investigations of disaster information representation from a geospatial perspective: Progress, challenges and recommendations

AbstractThe complexity of disasters creates a significant challenge in the knowledge acquisition of the public. With the development of geospatial technologies, maps, geographic information science, and virtual geographic environments are widely used to represent disaster information and help the public better understand disaster risk. However, the application, design, and specific challenges have not been investigated comprehensively in disaster information representation thus far. This article presents the weaknesses and strengths of the existing methods for representing disaster information in recent decades, and then gives some basic ideas for efficient disaster knowledge communication. The objective of this article is to provide a clear image that improves users’ understanding of disaster information and bridge the communication gaps in disaster management.

Quantifying Topographic Ruggedness Using Principal Component Analysis

The development of geospatial technologies has opened a new era in terms of data collection techniques and analysis procedures. Digital elevation models as 3D visualization of the Earth’s surface have many mapping and spatial analysis applications. The primary terrain factors derived from the raster dataset are usually less critical than secondary ones, e.g., ruggedness index, which plays a vital role in engineering, hydrological information derivation, and geomorphological processes. Surface ruggedness is a significant predictor of topographic heterogeneity by calculating the absolute value of elevation differences within a specified neighborhood surrounding a central pixel. The current study investigates the impacts of various topographic metrics obtained from a digital elevation model on characterizing terrain ruggedness utilizing stepwise principal component analysis. This popular multivariate statistical technique is applied to conduct a comprehensive assessment and treat the information redundancy of terrain parameters. Simultaneously, the standard deviation of elevation is also proposed as an alternative approach to quantifying topographic ruggedness. Besides, quantitative and qualitative method is espoused to validate the algorithms and compare their capabilities to the previously introduced models in the literature. The findings have shown that principal component analysis provides superior performance against other models. Furthermore, they indicated that the standard deviation of elevation could be used instead of the available ones.

Workforce and its Impact on the Development of Geospatial Technologies to Support the Delivery Management of Urban Infrastructure: Current Status and Future Needs- A Case Study of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Geospatial technologies have created new opportunities for handling spatial information and are becoming more frequently used in many fields. As with other information and communication technologies, receiving growing attention in many disciplines where exerted efforts have been made to take full advantage of their rapid developments. Today, geospatial tools are employed in various fields related to urban management and planning, where they have become important tools in improving decision making. This, in turn, has led to a substantial demand for a qualified workforce able to harness the potential of these technologies. This study focuses on geospatial technology workforces working in the agencies responsible for service delivery in residential neighbourhoods in the city of Riyadh. The Delphi technique was used to understand the needs of the workforce and to highlight the aspects that can support users of these technologies to improve related activities. The study found that there is a shortage of qualified professionals who can bring about the desired outcomes regarding the potential offered by the use of these technologies. Issues of awareness, capacity-building and retention of qualified employees, along with lack of incentives, pose similar problems preventing the development of relevant activities. The results provide a number of strategies that may contribute to positive changes that can be implemented to overcome the challenges.

ANALISIS POTENSI TENAGA SURYA PADA PERMODELAN BANGUNAN TIGA DIMENSI BERDASARKAN DATA OPEN STREET MAP (STUDI KASUS: UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA)

Energy crisis that occurred in the world after being exploited on a large scale against fossil energy caused people has to think again about renewable energy. In Indonesia, the electricity consumption always increases every year with fossil energy dominating energy sources. Based on the Government Regulation number 79 of 2014, concerning the National Energy Policy, the Government of Indonesia has a national target in the implementation of renewable energy of 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050. Information disclosure and development of geospatial technology is shown through the availability of information on the dimensions, location, and the height of objects on the surface of the earth through the open street map (OSM) website, one of which is the building. Digital Elevation Model (DEM/DEMNAS) data can be accessed through the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) website. Utilization of this information can be done by utilizing QGIS and ArcGIS Pro software. The existence of an energy crisis and technological developments led to calculate Solar Radiation (contained in ArcGIS Pro) which can calculate the solar potential at a location based on three-dimensional building data, DEM, and solar intensity. Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) has announced their commitment in realizing new and renewable energy in Indonesia. Therefore, researchers intend to find out the solar potential in the UGM region in order to realize government programs in the application of new renewable energy. Based on the analysis done in this research, we get the amount of solar energy potential of 369.543 kWh/ m2/ day. Through this research we hope that UGM can become a pilot campus in the application of renewable energy, solar energy and can reduce the use of conventional electricity using fossil energy.Keywords: Solar Energy Potential, Three Dimensional Building, Open Street Map, UGM.

Policy framework for geospatial technology based on the open source GIS SW in South Korea

GIS SW can be divided into proprietary GIS SW and open source GIS SW, according to whether the access to the source code is open to the public or not. The proprietary GIS SW market was created around in the early 1980s and the best example will be the success of ESRI’s ArcGIS. The market for open source GIS SW, on the other hand, was started in the 2000s, with different types of SW developed for applications. In South Korea, the most share of the domestic market is owned by foreign proprietary GIS SW, and the remaining small proportion is dominated by domestic proprietary GIS SW. Open source GIS SW development in South Korea is still at the very initial phase. This paper explores why and how South Korean government could support open source GIS SW development and application. First of all, appropriate government policy could create a pool of healthy domestic competitors in the open source GIS SW market, which could reduce ineffectiveness from proprietary GIS SW. It could also help further development of geospatial technology through competition. Such policies could range from direct strategy of supporting the development of open source GIS SW application services to the indirect strategy of providing the propitious environment for companies to develop the applications/services. The national open source GIS SW ecosystem competes with the global proprietary GIS SW ecosystem, whereas it cooperates with the global open source GIS SW ecosystem. Both direct and indirect government strategies should be based on competition and cooperation, which will help develop the healthy national geospatial technology ecosystem.

Geospatial Technologies and the Geographies of Hope and Fear

The geographies of hope and fear are a rich vein of investigation in our discipline. Social theorists have discussed how geospatial technologies (GSTs) are things to be feared. They point to the loss of privacy, to the use of technologies in warfare, and to the growth of surveillance. I explore this understanding and the “evil” side of geospatial technologies, and I present the alternative view—a view of these technologies as harbingers of hope. GSTs have a positive role to play in environmental protection, in health, and in social justice. There is a need for the involvement of more human geographers in technological development in order to allow for critical analyses of the social impacts generated by these technologies. Only by shining the spotlight of critical geographical analyses on development of GSTs, and their uses, can we ensure that technological development is kept on a path of positive development. This addition of the social to the technological is imperative and requires an active role on the part of geographers. Geographers, and geography as a discipline, are well suited to this challenge, and as islands of researchers coalesce into a synergistic “mainland community” of cooperative investigation into GSTs the result will be a well-woven fabric of socially responsible technology.