Development Of Framework Research Articles

Legal accountability and ethical considerations of AI in financial services

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the financial services industry, offering unparalleled opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and personalized services. However, along with its benefits, AI in financial services raises significant legal and ethical concerns. This paper explores the legal accountability and ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in financial services, aiming to provide insights into how these challenges can be addressed. The legal accountability of AI in financial services revolves around the allocation of responsibility for AI-related decisions and actions. As AI systems become more autonomous, questions arise about who should be held liable for AI errors, misconduct, or regulatory violations. This paper examines the existing legal frameworks, such as data protection laws, consumer protection regulations, and liability laws, and assesses their adequacy in addressing AI-related issues. Ethical considerations in AI implementation in financial services are paramount, as AI systems can impact individuals' financial well-being and access to services. Issues such as algorithmic bias, transparency, and fairness are critical in ensuring ethical AI practices. This paper discusses the importance of ethical guidelines and frameworks for AI development and deployment in financial services, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and fairness. The paper also examines the role of regulatory bodies and industry standards in addressing legal and ethical challenges associated with AI in financial services. It proposes recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders to promote responsible AI practices, including the development of clear guidelines, enhanced transparency measures, and mechanisms for accountability. Overall, this paper highlights the complex interplay between AI, legal accountability, and ethical considerations in the financial services industry. By addressing these challenges, stakeholders can harness the full potential of AI while ensuring that it is deployed in a responsible and ethical manner, benefiting both businesses and consumers.

A systematic reliability-centred maintenance framework with fuzzy computational integration – a case study of manufacturing process machinery

PurposeThis study presents a systematic framework for maintenance strategy development of manufacturing process machinery. The framework is developed based on the reliability-centred maintenance (RCM) approach to minimise the high downtime of a production line, thus increasing its reliability and availability. A case study of a production line from the ghee and soap manufacturing industry in Taiz, Yemen, is presented for framework validation purposes. The framework provides a systematic process to identify the critical system(s) and guide further investigation for functional significant items (FSIs) based on quantitative and qualitative analyses before recommending appropriate maintenance strategies and specific tasks.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework integrates conventional RCM procedure with the fuzzy computational process to improve FSIs criticality estimation, which is the main part of failure mode effect criticality analysis (FMECA) applications. The framework consists of four main implementation stages: identification of the critical system(s), technical analysis, Fuzzy-FMECA application for FSIs criticality estimation and maintenance strategy selection. Each stage has its objective(s) and related scientific techniques that are applied to systematically guide the framework implementation.FindingsThe proposed framework validation is summarised as follows. The first stage results demonstrate that the seaming system (top and bottom systems) caused 50% of the total production line downtime, indicating it is a critical system that requires further analysis. The outcomes of the second stage provide significant technical information on the subject (seaming system), helping team members to identify and understand the structure and functional complexities of the seaming system. This stage also provides a better understanding of how the seaming system functions and how it can fail. In stage 3, the application of FMECA with the fuzzy computation integration process presents a systematic way to analyse the failure mode, effect and cause of items (components of the seaming system). This stage also includes items’ criticality estimation and ranking assessment. Finally, stage four guides team members in recommending the appropriate countermeasures (maintenance strategies and task selection) based on their priority level.Originality/valueThis paper proposes an original maintenance strategies development framework based on the RCM approach for production system equipment. Specifically, it considers a fuzzy computational process based on the Gaussian function in the third stage of the proposed framework. Adopting the fuzzy computational process improves the risk priority number (RPN) estimation, resulting in better criticality ranking determination. Another significant contribution is introducing an extended item criticality ranking assessment process to provide maximum levels of criticality item ranking. Finally, the proposed RCM framework also provides detailed guidance on maintenance strategy selection based on criticality levels, unique functionality and failure characteristics of each FSI.

Toward Sustainable Lithium Iron Phosphate in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Regeneration Strategies and Their Challenges

AbstractIn recent years, the penetration rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the energy storage field has surged, underscoring the pressing need to recycle retired LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries within the framework of low carbon and sustainable development. This review first introduces the economic benefits of regenerating LFP power batteries and the development history of LFP, to establish the necessity of LFP recycling. Then, the entire life cycle process and failure mechanism of LFP are outlined. The focus is on highlighting the advantages of direct recycling technology for LFP materials. Directly regenerating LFP materials is a very promising solution. Directly regenerating spent LFP (S‐LFP) materials can not only protect the environment and save resources, but also directly add lithium atoms to the vacancies of missing lithium atoms to repair S‐LFP materials. At the same time, simply supplementing lithium to repair S‐LFP simplifies the recovery process and improves economic benefits. The status of various direct recycling methods is then reviewed in terms of the regeneration process, principles, advantages, and challenges. Additionally, it is noted that direct recycling is currently in its early stages, and there are challenges and alternative directions for its development.

Percolation transitions in partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with different group size distributions

In many systems, from brain neural networks to epidemic transmission networks, pairwise interactions are insufficient to express complex relationships. Nodes sometimes cooperate and form groups to increase their robustness to risks, and each such group can be considered a “supernode”. Furthermore, previous studies of cascading failures in interdependent networks have typically concentrated on node coupling connections; however, in many realistic scenarios, interactions occur between the edges connecting nodes rather than between the nodes themselves. Networks of this type are called edge-coupled interdependent networks. To better reflect complex networks in the real world, in this paper, we construct a theoretical model of a two-layer partially edge-coupled interdependent network with groups, where all nodes in the same group are functionally dependent on each other. We identify several types of phase transitions, namely, discontinuous, hybrid and continuous, which are determined by the strength of the dependency and the distribution of the supernodes. We first apply our developed mathematical framework to ErdsRnyi and scale-free partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with equally sized groups to analytically and numerically calculate the phase transition thresholds and the critical dependency strengths that distinguish different types of transitions. We then investigate the influence of the group size distribution on cascading failures by presenting examples of two different heterogeneous group size distributions. Our theoretical predictions and numerical findings are in close agreement, demonstrating that decreasing the dependency strength and increasing group size heterogeneity can increase the robustness of interdependent networks. Our results have significant implications for the design and optimization of network security and fill a knowledge gap in the robustness of partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with different group size distributions.

Crop Recommendation System Using Machine Learning Algorithm

This study aims to develop an intelligent agricultural yield recommendation framework leveraging the capabilities of AI algorithms. The proposed framework takes yield efficiency and optimal growing seasons as crucial factors in generating appropriate crop recommendations. We have put forth four widely used models, namely Linear Regression (LR) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which were trained and evaluated on a comprehensive dataset comprising historical agricultural data encompassing various features such as climatic factors, soil properties, and geographical variables. Furthermore, the data was segmented based on seasonal patterns to provide crop suggestions tailored to specific time periods. The performance of these models was assessed using standard metrics, and an ensemble approach was considered to enhance the system's robustness. Ultimately, the developed framework offers farmers and agricultural professionals a valuable tool for making informed decisions, optimizing crop selection, and enhancing overall agricultural productivity.

Spatial distribution, influencing factors and innovative development countermeasures of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province, China

China’s rural reform is reliant on farmers' cooperatives as a key organization vehicle. It plays an important role in promoting rural revitalization. Such as, realizing the organic connection between small farmers and agricultural modernization. This study used the nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial distribution and structural characteristics of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province. It revealed the spatial differentiation law of cooperatives. Also using geographical detectors to figure out the main factors that affect the spatial distribution. The results show that: ① Hunan Farmers Cooperatives show significant spatial agglomeration. The overall spatial distribution shows the spatial characteristics of "one core, one circle, and multiple points". And the spatial distribution pattern of "large agglomeration, finger-shaped radiation distribution". Among them, the distribution of provincial demonstration cooperatives is relatively balanced. ② Cooperatives in six types of industries, such as planting, forestry, and feeding, showed agglomeration distribution. Different industrial cooperatives spread out in different ways, such as in an anti-"L" shape, a dual-core shape, or a one-center area. ③ The 24 influence factors selected from the five dimensions of the natural environment, social economic basis, production basis, output capacity, and facility basis have high, general, and weak influence on cooperatives' spatial distribution. The development and distribution of cooperatives mainly depend on resource endowment, social and economic development level, and market dependence. The spatial distribution heterogeneity of different professional cooperatives is mainly affected by slope, per capita disposable income of rural residents, road density, and other factors. ④ The progression of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province should prioritize high-quality development, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches and transformative strategies within rural industrial organizations. It is imperative to optimize the spatial distribution of cooperatives, strategically contributing to the establishment of a novel framework for modern agricultural development in Hunan Province. Additionally, there is a critical emphasis on spearheading collaborative initiatives among cooperatives of varied industrial types, aimed at fostering the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.

Intérêt d’une intervention de soutien langagier basée sur la narration et menée par l’enseignante auprès d’enfants de grande section de maternelle avec difficultés langagières.

Context: Narrative intervention enhances narrative abilities by addressing macrostructural elements within storytelling tasks for instance and can be an effective way of supporting the language development of preschool-aged children. Moreover, language support in educational settings plays a preventive role in addressing potential difficulties in language skills due to a lack of linguistic stimulation. Objectives: This study assesses the implementation fidelity of a tier 2 intervention with a pre-school teacher, measures the effectiveness of this intervention with children with language difficulties, and determines whether these children can catch up the level of narrative skills of the rest of the class, following the intervention Methods: Children with language difficulties were selected by the master student based on an inclusion test determining their linguistic profile, which was administered to all pupils in the class. Narrative skills were assessed for the entire class in a pre-test, considering elements of macrostructure and microstructure elicited during narrative generation and retelling activities. A Rapid Automa-tized Naming (RAN) control task was also included to evaluate the specificity of the intervention. The teacher was trained by the master student for the intervention, according to profession-al development principles. Subsequently, the intervention, lasting 45 minutes once a week for 6 weeks, was delivered by the teacher to five children identified as having language difficulties, aged 5;5 to 5;10. The intervention aimed to improve the number of macrostructural elements in a retelling activity through the use of icons and sequential picture stories. Finally, the RAN task and narrative skills (retelling and narrative generation) of the entire class were reassessed in a post-test. Results: At the end of the intervention, macro- and microstructural improvements were observed in the story generation activity in the experimental group. Moreover, following the teacher's intervention, the experimental group did not differ anymore from the rest of the class in retelling (when considering the trained story) nor in story generation. However, data analysis revealed weaknesses in the implementation of the intervention, both in content and dosage. Conclusion: The results contribute to the existing research supporting the effectiveness of group narrative intervention. Furthermore, they suggest the possibility of replicating a tier 2 indirect narrative intervention conducted by the teacher, by enhancing the professional development framework.

Private practice dietetics: A scoping review of the literature.

Private practice is one of the most rapidly growing, but under-researched employment sectors for graduate dietitians in Australia, limiting evidence-based workforce development. This scoping review examines existing international literature to gain an understanding of the current private practice workforce size, distribution, demography and workforce development considerations, including competencies, supply and demand, remuneration and professional development activities. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, EMCARE, PsycInfo (Ovid) and grey literature were systematically searched in August 2023 using key search terms to identify studies for inclusion. Articles were included if they related to private practice dietetics and described an aspect of workforce. Original research, government and organisational reports,statements of practice and websites providing governmental or organisational statistics were included. A directed content analysis and qualitative constant comparison technique were used to deductively map intelligence sources against a workforce development framework. A gap analysis was also conducted to provide a focus for future workforce development research. A total of 72 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources were included, with 65% of the studies being Australian-based publications. Private practice dietetics research interest has increased in the last decade. Despite a breadth of published sources, this review found little published data on workforce size, distribution, demography, supply, demand, continued professional development and remuneration, indicating a significant gap in the evidence base. Existing literature focuses on workforce challenges and barriers, the work of private practice dietitians, with limited exploration of competency requirements for graduate private practitioners. The literature on the private practice dietetics workforce is lacking worldwide, which constrains evidenced-based workforce development initiatives. Workforce development research across all workforce aspects is warranted to address current evidence gaps.

The influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability: a new application of the systems theory framework of career development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability. In doing so, we recognize multiple factors that can contribute to this relationship. Using the systems theory framework (STF) of career development, we categorize these factors based on whether they primarily reside within the societal system, the organizational system, or the individual system. Subsequently, we construct and present an open systems model that depicts the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability in context with other societal, organizational and individual factors.Design/methodology/approachThe STF provides a theoretical perspective on how to contextualize linguistic profiling and perceived employability within the scope of career development. We employed an integrative literature review method to locate existing research studies that investigated the influences of linguistic profiling and perceived employability. The literature search process, coupled with inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in 46 publications retained for analysis.FindingsFindings provided evidence of language ideologies that contribute to linguistic profiling globally. Linguistic profiling usually results in reduced perceived employability. There was variation in the research findings based on the context of the research studies. The context consisted of the societal, organizational and individual systems in which the research study was conducted. Findings supported our construction of an open systems model of the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability, which is rooted in the STF.Originality/valueThis study highlights the negative influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability. It also demonstrates how the STF can be used to contextualize the linguistic profiling problem within societal and organizational systems.

A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface

Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral defects. However, the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering, exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems, which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment efficacy. Herein, we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel bioink. We demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs, and that both dentine and β-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface, which is distal to the gel-substrate interface. Our findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.

Promotion of Labor Insertion Through the Build Your Professional Career (CCP) Model: A Critical Qualitative Perspective for the Improvement of Professional and Life Projects

Advances in the development of the Reinvent Yourself project are presented, the purpose of which is to validate the CCP (Build your Professional Career) model for job improvement in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The CCP model is an integrative and inclusive proposal within the framework of professional career development. Through training in transversal competencies and career management, the CCP model aims to favor the processes of labor reintegration by responding to the needs that people present from a conscious and critical perspective. In this process, a qualitative perspective is prioritized because of what the model contributes to a person’s reflexivity, awareness, and self-determination. This article reflects on the potential of the model and of the critical qualitative methodology in processes of constructing identity and a professional career. The potential of the model and of the critical qualitative methodology to facilitate the processes of building a professional career is evidenced. This methodology and the tools used allow a greater social and personal impact in terms of equality and social justice.

Institutional governance and state-building in Somaliland

Governance is the combined principles of the effective rule of law within a framework of institutional capacity for legal entity, Institutional governance encompassed both administrative aspect and legal framework of institutional development linked with the state-building development. Institutional governance entails accountability, transparency to the demands of effective monitoring process, the aim of the paper is to know how institutional governance affect state-building in Somaliland, institution governance framework and the role of institutions to stat-building follow to accountability, transparency, rule of law and participation. The paper exams to understand the dynamics of institutional governance and state-building idea of governance in state-progress, state-building determinate, institutional Legal frameworks, discrepancies affecting institutions and the consequence. Somaliland is post-conflict country, the consequence from the destruction of infrastructural development brought some basic facilities including, peace, schools and institutional governance has destroyed, the paper presents the role of government bureaucrats (Civil Service)[1] in institutional building, peace restoration and institutional development, finally one of the ideas of paper discussed is the how citizens involved state-building and state-development. The Somaliland Civil Service Commission is a Somaliland government agency established in 1993 that oversees the employment of civil servants and lead reforms in Somaliland's decentralization process. The head of the agency is chairman and is appointed by the President of Somaliland.

Participatory Arts-based Game Design: Mela, a Serious Game to Address SGBV in Ethiopia

<p>The emerging body of work on participatory game design (PGD) highlights the significance of working with end-users’ voices as the starting point. This is particularly critical in serious games that seek to impact social change in areas such as sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). This article, which is based on fieldwork with 16 college instructors in four agricultural colleges in rural Ethiopia, draws together concepts of participatory visual methods (particularly cellphilming), PGD and a game universe perspective to offer an engaging and interactive approach to the design of serious games. We refer to this as ‘Participatory Arts-based Game Design’ (PAGD), an approach that was used to create Mela, a serious game to address SGBV in Ethiopian agriculture colleges. Exploring Mela game’s participatory and engaging design process, this article offers a framework for serious game development to address critical social change issues that go beyond the game itself. It has the potential to not only place the end-users at the centre but to recognize the critical role of engagement and immersivity in a field oriented towards impact and sustainability.</p>

Circular economy in supply chain management: a framework for database tool development to enhance sustainability

ABSTRACT The study surveys circular economy (CE) theoretical building blocks, conceptualisation, and practical implementation within the supply chain. A narrative review synthesises the knowledge and maps research in the CE field. There are six major building blocks: waste management, industrial ecology, bioeconomy, cradle to cradle, green supply chain management, and product-service system. The paper examines their role and their overlapping activity within the supply chain. This study also generates a database containing 43 circular strategies, based on different stages in the supply chain. Each strategy is marked by its contribution towards CE, such as resource conservation, narrowing the loop, slowing the loop, or closing the loop. The database can assist actors to implement possible circular actions and policy makers to formulate supportive legislation. This study contributes to the contention of CE and its implementation.

Climate Literacy in the Age of Global Climate Change: A Critical Inquiry into Shaping Climate –Literate Society for a Sustainable Future

Climate Change is a multidimensional challenge in the twenty-first century. The challenges venting out of the consequences of climate change are mainly due to a lack of information and knowledge to combat it. It is important to build a climate-literate society to address and combat the consequences of ecological catastrophe. There is a need for cutting-edge knowledge on understanding the nuances of critical components of climate science, which is the need of the hour. Henceforth, climate literacy is an understanding of anthropogenic impact driven by human activities that have led to planetary crisis; cultivating ecological skills and thought processes, with a pragmatic vision of providing a tool to build a sustainable world in the era of climate change world. The role of educators and academic institutions in nurturing environmental stewardship becomes a vital for taking a step forward to a sustainable future in the cocoon of sustainable development goals. This paper will explore and address the vision of cultivating climate literacy as a framework for sustainable development and addressing climate resilience in the age of global climate change. The aim of the study is to identify the efficacy of Climate Change Education (CCE) initiatives and to trace few of the best practices and methods for developing a climate-literate society. As we introspect into the future outcome of the present study, it will envision climate literate society and decision-making processes at individual, institutional, and governmental levels for promoting sustainability and millennium development goals. Thus, it calls for action, emphasising the urgency of humanising climate literacy to empower current and future generations to contribute meaningfully to the global environmental sustainability and resilience effort.

The disease recurrence perception scale for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Instrument development and cross‐sectional validation study

AbstractDisease recurrence perception plays a key role in disease management and subsequent disease recurrence prevention. However, there are no specific tools for assessing disease recurrence perception in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by alternating remission and recurrence. To develop and validate an instrument for measuring disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD, the study was conducted in two steps: (1) instrument development and (2) psychometric tests. A total of 623 patients with IBD participated in the study. The common sense model of illness self‐regulation (CSM) was used as a framework for instrument development. The administered version contained 48 items intended to be relevant to at least one of the six dimensions of the model. Based on preliminary analyzes, 12 items were deleted leaving 36 items for more detailed psychometric and factor analyzes. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total 36‐item instrument was 0.915. The content validity indexes at item and scale levels were satisfactory. The test‐retest reliability of the total instrument was 0.870. Exploratory principal components analysis (n = 278) was used to identify six components congruent with intended CSM constructs that accounted for 62.6% of total item variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 345) found acceptable fit for the six factor measurement model (χ2/df = 1.999, GFI = 0.846, NFI = 0.855, IFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.910, CFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.054). Overall, the DRPSIBD demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity to warrant further development as a measure of disease recurrence perception of patients with IBD.

Analytical solution of forced vibration of rectangular plates with part through surface crack based on wave propagation method

An analytical wave propagation framework is developed in this study for steady state forced vibration of plates with part through surface cracks for the first time. Rectangular thin plates with partial-width and full-width cracks are considered. The analytical waves are obtained by solving the dual equations of the plate established considering the line–spring model (LSM) of crack. The dual equations formed here are characterized by simultaneously solving kinematic variables and their dual dynamic variables. Both conventional and refined LSMs are considered. Two ways are proposed to generate the system equation in wave space based on the relationships of wave propagation, wave reflection and wave scattering. Compared with the traditional methods, most of them can only give exact analytical solutions under the condition of opposite-side simply supported boundaries, the developed analysis framework can treat arbitrary combinations of simple boundary condition of the cracked plate. Comparisons of results of the proposed method with those from the literature and finite element method (FEM) validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. A series of parametric studies for investigating the effects of length, position and depth of crack on the forced response of cracked plate are also presented. The proposed framework are effective for predicting the forced responses and natural frequencies of thin plates with part-through surface cracks.

A comprehensive AI model development framework for consistent Gleason grading

BackgroundArtificial Intelligence(AI)-based solutions for Gleason grading hold promise for pathologists, while image quality inconsistency, continuous data integration needs, and limited generalizability hinder their adoption and scalability.MethodsWe present a comprehensive digital pathology workflow for AI-assisted Gleason grading. It incorporates A!MagQC (image quality control), A!HistoClouds (cloud-based annotation), Pathologist-AI Interaction (PAI) for continuous model improvement, Trained on Akoya-scanned images only, the model utilizes color augmentation and image appearance migration to address scanner variations. We evaluate it on Whole Slide Images (WSI) from another five scanners and conduct validations with pathologists to assess AI efficacy and PAI.ResultsOur model achieves an average F1 score of 0.80 on annotations and 0.71 Quadratic Weighted Kappa on WSIs for Akoya-scanned images. Applying our generalization solution increases the average F1 score for Gleason pattern detection from 0.73 to 0.88 on images from other scanners. The model accelerates Gleason scoring time by 43% while maintaining accuracy. Additionally, PAI improve annotation efficiency by 2.5 times and led to further improvements in model performance.ConclusionsThis pipeline represents a notable advancement in AI-assisted Gleason grading for improved consistency, accuracy, and efficiency. Unlike previous methods limited by scanner specificity, our model achieves outstanding performance across diverse scanners. This improvement paves the way for its seamless integration into clinical workflows.

Black Youth Rising: Understanding Motivations and Challenges in Young Adult Activism

Black young adults participate in activism to challenge and transform oppressive systems. In this qualitative study, we employed thematic analysis and used the framework of sociopolitical development (SPD) to explore their motivations and challenges to participation amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the summer of 2020 in the United States. Semi-structured interviews with 22 Black young adults in early 2022 revealed that social identities, sense of legacy, impact, and morals drove their participation. Further, contending with systemic oppression, impact, harm, and working with others challenged their participation. This study holds valuable insights for stakeholders as they support and empower young Black activists navigating social justice efforts in our dynamic and evolving sociopolitical landscape. Further, this work highlights the enduring tradition of activism within the Black community and emphasizes the need to empower young Black activists as change agents in the pursuit of a more equitable society.

Unleashing capacity in the water sector: A framework for public entities

ABSTRACT Capacity development in the water sector is crucial to achieving universal, adequate, sustainable, and resilient services. It has been broadly recognized as a priority, connected with governance and management of water resources and water and sanitation services. Through a scoping review including 153 scientific articles and 103 other documents, complemented with a consultation of experts, this article presents how the concept of ‘capacity development’ has evolved, what levels it consists of, and which are the key elements of success for effective capacity development processes. The article finds that most existing frameworks do not conduct any in-depth analysis of the determinants that define capacity at different levels and that there is no specific framework for public water-related entities. To address this gap, a dedicated capacity development framework is proposed for the public water sector, defining the key determinants to be pondered in the analysis of the situation at different levels and types of interventions to achieve outcomes at each level. The framework will enable practitioners and policymakers to acknowledge the complexity and develop more systematic work on capacity development in water through various types of interventions that can support them.