Development Of Fish Farming Research Articles

Comparative safety and efficacy of autogenous vaccine administrated by different routes against furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida sub. salmonicida in large Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The development and growth of fish farming are hindered by viral and bacterial infectious diseases, which necessitate effective disease control measures. Furunculosis, primarily caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, stands out as a significant bacterial disease affecting salmonid fish farms, particularly rainbow trout. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial tool in combating this disease. The objective of this experiment was to assess and compare the efficacy and duration of different vaccine protocols against furunculosis in large trout under controlled rearing conditions, utilizing single and booster administrations via intraperitoneal, oral, and immersion routes. Among the various vaccination protocols tested, only those involving intraperitoneal injection, administered at least once, proved truly effective in preventing the expression of clinical signs of furunculosis and reducing mortality rates. A single intraperitoneal administration provided protection for up to 2352°-days, equivalent to approximately 5 months in water at 16 °C. However, intraperitoneal vaccination may lead to reduced growth in the fish due to resultant intraperitoneal adhesions. Additionally, protocols incorporating booster doses via intraperitoneal injection demonstrated efficacy regardless of the administration route of the primary vaccination. Nevertheless, the use of booster vaccinations via the intraperitoneal route did not confer any significant advantage over a single intraperitoneal injection in terms of efficacy.

Study on the Biological Drug Enterocol’s Effect on the Nile Tilapia Breeding

Background Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a promising fish species for fish farming development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It exemplifies a balanced and fast-growing source of flesh for future food production. In this context, optimising breeding methods is crucial for a high flesh yield and a safe product. The study delves into the potential of the Enterocol drug in enhancing Nile tilapia breeding, focusing on assessing muscle state and blood parameters. Objects Two groups of fish were utilized, with 20 specimens in each group. One set was the control group, and the other was the experimental group. The single difference between the fish groups was the Enterocol consumption by the experimental specimens, which were given an E. coli 64G strain concentration of 108 CFU in mL and a 5% daily dose of fish body weight three times daily for two months. Methods Blood parameters were analysed to assess the health of the fish groups. Subsequently, classical pathological methods were employed, such as macroscopic and microscopic assessments of each group's fish material. A histological analysis was also performed to assess the condition of the muscles. Results Examining the experimental group's muscles revealed a significant average increase in fish mass and 6.74% total body weight growth. Moreover, the total thickness of the muscle layer decreased as villi height increased, indicating a clear fibre structure. Haematological analysis unveiled elevated levels of haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and total protein in the experimental fish group, indicating improved health. These findings underscore the potential of the Enterocol drug in enhancing fish health and productivity. Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that using Enterocol in fish breeding plants can effectively enhance flesh quality and safety, providing a secure and reliable solution for the aquaculture industry.

Biological indicators and commercial exploitation of main fish and river crayfish species of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir

Aim: To analyze and summarize the biological indicators of the main industrial fish and river crayfish species in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir under conditions of fishery exploitation. Methods: Biological analysis of fish was conducted according to classical methods in ichthyology, using the following parameters: standard and absolute body length, individual mass, gender, feeding coefficient. Crayfish, caught in fishing gear, underwent morphometric measurements to determine individual mass and gender. Biological sampling was carried out during the vegetation period of 2023 during both control and commercial fishing in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir at three sites differing in hydrology and degree of anthropogenic impact. Research results: According to the data from the Department of the State Agency of Reclamation and Fisheries Management in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, during 2023, 140,504 tons of fish were caught in the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir, nearly 8 times less than in 2021. In 2021, 1078.25 tons of aquatic resources were caught, which is 8 % less than in 2020. Silver carp was the dominant fish species in 2022, accounting for 80.5 % of the total catch in the reservoir. Herbivorous fish species accounted for 5.4 % of the catch, roach - 3.3 %, bream - 2.3 %, perch - 2.0 %. Based on the conducted research, recommendations have been provided regarding the establishment of forecasts and limits for the extraction of aquatic resources from the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir for the year 2024. Conclusions: The Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir has potential for the development of fishing, fish farming, and aquaculture in the Prydniprovsky region. The research results suggest that limits can be set on the catch of certain fish species: bream- up to 210 tons, pike-perch - up to 42 tons, roach - up to 350 tons, and perch - up to 138 tons. However, the catch of silver carp, bleak, sprat, herbivorous fish, and sun-perch is recommended to be unrestricted. The forecasted catch of crayfish is within 1 ton. The catch of other aquatic resources should also be conducted within forecasted levels

KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT IKAN CUPANG LIAR (WILD BETTA) ENDEMIK SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI BUDIDAYA DI KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU RAYA

Wild betta fish has high economic value as one of the ornamental fish commodities in Indonesia. The potential for cultivation development so far has not been maximized so that it still relies on the results of capture from nature. The main key to the development of wild fish farming is actually dependent on food conversion and water quality. Water quality management must adjust to its habitat in nature, however, the study of the physical chemical parameters of wild betta fish waters endemic to Sumatra has not been widely reported. Studies related to habitat characteristics can be used as the basis for aquaculture management in the future. This study aims to analyze the condition of the physical parameters of aquatic chemistry in the natural habitat of wild betta fish in the Regency Labuhanbatu Selatan, Labuhanbatu, and Labuhanbatu Utara. This research is exlorative by observing physical and chemical factors carried out insitu and exitu. The research data is analyzed quantitatively, presented discriptively and discussed based on relevant literature. The results of the main component analysis (Principal Component Analysis) show the main characteristic parameters of wild betta fish habitat in the form of: BOD, COD, DO, conductivity, temperature, and pH. Based on the results of UPGMA analysis, the percentage of similarity of stations 1 and 2 (90.5%) while station 3 (83.6%). It was concluded that the key parameters for wild betta fish farming activities are BOD, COD, DO, conductivity, temperature, and pH and these parameters need to be measured continuously.

Scientific approach in justification of monitoring and bioremediation of natural reservoirs in the suburban area

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to form a scientific approach to monitoring and bioremediation of pond reservoirs located in suburban areas. Further climate change, population growth, and excessive water intake lead to a decrease of restoration functions of water bodies and an increase of the HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom) effect. Suburban areas combine features of rural and urban lifestyles. At these territories, pond fish farming is intensively developed, and a space-time continuum with Push-pull strategies is being formed. The fishery complex of the Russian South is on the rise. It constantly requires applying of innovations. The essence of the research hypothesis was to define economic motivators for the development of pond fish farming in a suburban area, and to substantiate scientific approach to monitoring and bioremediation of water bodies. The represented materials reveal the tools for the development and using of automated devices and smart technologies in biosphere monitoring. Also the materials describe the tools for promotion of environmentally friendly technologies (bioremediation in the pond business). It is shown that such key requirements as mobility, efficiency, and using of green technologies, including bioremediation, become more and more significant for the development of pond fish farming in suburban areas. =

Aquaculture-driver of the fisheries industry

Based on a generalization of an extensive array of statistical and analytical data, an analysis of the state of the fishery complex of Russia and the Krasnodar Territory was carried out. The industry’s contribution to solving the problem of food security has been determined. A fairly high degree of self-sufficiency of Russians in fish products has been noted. The current state and features of the functioning of the global and Russian fishing industry are determined. Based on the UN FAO Blue Transformation program, a global trend has been identified to increase the production of commercial aquaculture and the prerequisites for its development in Russia. At the same time, it is indicated that the degree of development of aquaculture in Russia does not correspond to the natural capabilities of the country. Based on an analysis of the state of aquaculture in the south of Russia, the reasons for the decline in the level of commercial fish production in freshwater bodies of the southern regions of the country are identified. The prospects for the restoration and development of commercial fish farming in pond farms and lake-type farms have been determined. The reserves for expanding the areas of aquaculture, including mariculture in the coastal part of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory are outlined. The feasibility of developing commercial aquaculture in RAS installations in small forms of management and the need to modernize the industry are substantiated. Proposals have been formulated on the need to further expand government support measures and search for options for more accelerated development of fish feed production in order to reduce import dependence. It has been proven that in modern conditions aquaculture is the driver of the fishery complex. For further successful development of the industry, a favorable investment climate, financial support from the state, and the development of public-private partnerships in the implementation of relevant projects are necessary. The progressive development of the aquaculture industry will expand the range of fish products, increase their consumption by the country’s population, and increase employment and income levels.

Развитие аквакультуры северных и арктических территорий: проблемы и пути решения (на примере Архангельской области)

The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop and implement in regional practice effective management decisions that promote the development of fish farms and increase aquaculture pro-duction. Since fish farming (aquaculture) is one of the structural components of the fishery complex, the authors pay attention to both the peculiarities of its development in the conditions of the North and the Arctic, and the specifics of economic activity in the field of aquaculture projects. The article presents the results of a survey of the population of the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk Oblast on the consumption of fish and fish products, which allowed establishing various consumer profiles of preferences depending on their age category, as well as to identify the main reasons constraining the consumption of fish and fish products (among which: high price, availability of low-quality products in retail outlets, the lack of ability and desire to cook among the younger generation). Based on the results of expert interviews with producers of fish and fish products, as well as with representatives of the scientific community and authorities of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, a problem matrix was compiled and the necessary activities were identified to address key issues of the development of aquaculture projects in the region.

Перспективы создания сети рыбоводных предприятий в российской Арктике

Fostering aquaculture aligns with key priorities for Arctic development in Russia, encompassing ecosystem sustainability, job creation, Northern import reduction, enhanced nutritional value of local products, support for small businesses, and advancement of high-tech industries. This study aims to determine the best configuration for a new network of Arctic fish farms in the Russian Arctic. To comprehend the potential of Arctic fish farming, the study starts from identifying feasible farm locations based on an analysis of demand in key Arctic settlements. Criteria-based assessments identified Pevek, Sabetta, Dudinka, Tiksi, Tazovsky, Yamburg, Kharasavey, and Khatanga as potential locations. A comparative economic analysis evaluates logistic options for networks featuring three to eight fish farms in conditions of limited infrastructure. The study determines the attending vessel location (Novosibirsk) and the genetic breeding center location (Pevek). Transportation schemes for feed, fry, and breeding material are developed in accordance with production process requirements. The study proposes the Arctic char as the focus of commercial cultivation at the simulated facility. Economic and mathematical modeling is employed to forecast the effects of creating networks in two configurations at the business, regional, and national levels. The findings reveal that a network of three facilities is more profitable for investors, while a network of eight facilities yields greater social significance with higher fiscal, social, and ecological effects. The quantitative estimates provided serve as a foundation for investment decisions in the development of fish farming in the Russian Arctic.

Development for the Environment? The Inland Fish Farming Development and Nature Conservation Movement in Korea during the 1970s

Development for the Environment? The Inland Fish Farming Development and Nature Conservation Movement in Korea during the 1970s

The role of fisheries and fish farming in a circular food system in the European Union

Studies that demonstrated animals can contribute to resource efficient food supply, by upcycling low-opportunity-cost feed (LCF), into valuable animal-source food, focussed solely on livestock (ruminants, pigs and poultry). Aquatic animals, however, also make valuable contributions to food supply, especially as they are our main natural source of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) ω-3 fatty acids. Our aim, therefore, was to assess the contribution of capture fisheries and fish farming (salmon and tilapia) to human nutrient supply in EU-28 (before Brexit), when feeding no biomass from arable land or waterbodies but only LCF to livestock and farmed fish. To this aim, we deployed an optimisation model allocating available LCF in the EU under various scenarios, to that combination of fish and livestock that maximises human digestible protein supply, while meeting human requirements of vitamin B12 and EPA + DHA. We found that capture fisheries could fulfil maximally around 40 % of daily per capita EPA + DHA requirements in EU28. This contribution would already require rebuilding fish stocks and prioritising edible fish for human consumption. To meet our EPA + DHA requirements we, thus, need to additionally farm fatty fish (salmon). Our results show that, when feeding only LCF, these fatty fish depend on by-products from fisheries to meet their own EPA + DHA requirements and on livestock slaughter by-products to meet their high protein requirements. Feeding livestock by-products to farmed fish, however, is not common practice due to concerns about consumer acceptance. We also demonstrate that upcycling LCF into valuable human food requires a proper balance of different farmed fish and livestock systems, tailored to the available LCF and desired nutrient supply to the human population. Overall, our results provide insights into the role of aquatic animals across land and water to human nutrient supply and give a direction for strategic sustainability development of both capture fisheries and fish farming.

Traditional Fish Farming Based on Indigenous Knowledge in Homestead Pond Can Uplift Socioeconomic Status of Coastal Rural People and Sustainability

In a time of environmental degradation and increasing demand for safe food production, traditional fish farming is gaining global attention. Utilizing indigenous agricultural methods founded on traditional knowledge contributes to sustainability by safeguarding the ecosystem and preserving biodiversity. However, it is still less studied whether traditional farming systems based on indigenous knowledge currently in place are improving the socioeconomic conditions of farmers. Hence, this study was conducted with the following objectives: (i) to reveal the present status of traditional fish farming systems, (ii) to define the socioeconomic profile of the farmers, (iii) to identify the problems associated with traditional fish farming, and (iv) to show the inter-relationship between fish farming and socioeconomic development. For achieving these objectives, data were collected from 100 small-scale fish farmers from a rural coastal area of Bangladesh through a well-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, and cross-check interviews. Our findings showed that most of the homestead ponds were small-sized (44%) and shallow (61%) where a polyculture system was prevalent (91%). The majority of the ponds (77%) were found to be perennial, 60% of which had single ownership. Socioeconomic data revealed that the highest number of farmers (42%) earned 1000.00 to 1500.00 USD annually, and 62% of the respondents took fish farming as their secondary occupation. Among the farmers, 62% had primary education, whereas 7% had no education, and only 26% of the farmers had official training in fish farming, indicating that culture management was mainly based on indigenous knowledge. A total of 55% of the farmers had 5 to 10 family members, and 80% of them lived in joint families. Furthermore, 40% of the farmers owned tin shed houses, whereas the maximum (60%) utilized katcha toilets. However, almost half of the farmers (57%) utilized their own funds for fish farming, and the majority (90%) had access to their own tube well. The study found that the biggest obstacles to fish farming were pressure from large families, a lack of education and training, a lack of quality seed and feed, outbreaks of fish diseases, an inadequate supply of water during the dry season, and a lack of adequate funding. However, Pearson correlation showed that there was a significant positive association between age and experience (r = 0.908, p < 0.01) and age and income (r = 0.326, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses also demonstrated that age and experience in fish farming played a significant role in increased annual income. In conclusion, 94% of the respondents claimed that fish farming had improved their socioeconomic situation. Homestead pond fish farming through indigenous knowledge increased household fish consumption with a source of protein and micronutrients, improved dietary diversity, and generated extra household income, which inferred their better sustenance.

Probiotics: an innovative approach to enhancing aquaculture productivity

Probiotics refer to live beneficial microorganisms introduced into the digestive system via food or water, contributing to overall well-being by promoting a balanced internal microbial environment. These probiotic microorganisms produce a variety of substances, including bacteriocins, siderophores, lysozymes, proteases, and hydrogen peroxide, which effectively inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens. Furthermore, these beneficial bacteria generate a diverse set of enzymes, including amylase enzymes produced by Aeromonas spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus plantarum, and Staphylococcus sp., as well as protease and cellulase enzymes produced by B. subtilis, L. plantarum, and Staphylococcus sp. In aquaculture, probiotics have several advantages and play a crucial role in improving fish growth rates, disease resistance, immunity, maintaining health, intestinal epithelial integrity, supporting gut microbiota, and enhancing water quality. Furthermore, the practical application of probiotics in fish diets can reduce the negative impact of antibiotics. The incorporation of these supplements into fish feeds would contribute to improving their productivity and efficient feeds utilization, thereby increasing fish production and safeguarding human health. This article provides an overview of the use of probiotic preparations in aquaculture. It presents information about the composition of the innate microflora in fish, as well as historical facts regarding the development of probiotics in aquaculture. The data analysis indicates that probiotics are effective and environmentally friendly, making them suitable for the entire aquaculture system, including primary and supplementary feeding, as well as water purification. They have a positive impact on the health of aquatic organisms and consumers. Additionally, the article discusses the appropriateness of probiotic use in aquaculture for dynamic and environmentally safe fish farming development, aiming to reduce the spread of antibiotic and chemical resistance and address disease treatment and prevention in fish farms.

Towards sustainable marine spatial planning of aquaculture

An efficient and adaptive strategy within the EU Marine Spatial Planning Directive has to manage the existing and increasing conflicts between human uses and habitat conservation in coastal-marine areas. Among the different human activities developed along the coasts, aquaculture occupies a primary role. In this context, the aims of this research have been: (1) to propose a conceptual model suitable for aquaculture marine spatial planning; (2) to collect and integrate indicators useful for the characterization of the study area in terms of socio-ecological-economic sensitivities and pressures; and (3) to identify and map the most suitable areas for the development of new fish and shellfish farms. The study area is the Apulia Region (Southern Italy) with a coastline of about 1,000 km, in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, and characterized by several economic activities within a high value natural context. The evaluation of area’s suitability for fish and shellfish farms have been carried out through the ecological characterization of the coastal areas, the identification of the socio-economic, ecological, cultural, and legal-military constraints and the estimate of the “Suitability Index” that, through a Weighted Linear Combination, integrates environmental variables and allows to classify areas as “Highly Suitable”, “Suitable” or “Unsuitable”. The “highly suitable areas” for new fish and shellfish farms are mainly located in northernmost of the Southern Adriatic Sea along the Gargano coast and in the Gulf of Manfredonia, whilst concerning the Northern Ionian Sea they are at a mean distance of 5 Km from the shoreline. The suitability maps have shown that existing fish farms are in line with their suitable areas but, surprisingly, this has seemed not to be true for shellfish farms. This can be explained by the fact that these aquaculture activities have traditionally been present in some areas (e.g., Taranto Seas), currently strongly impacted by human activities. This research has highlighted that despite aquaculture is generally conceived as an environmental impacting activity, it could be also impacted by other environmental and/or anthropic stressors (i.e., industrial ports, sewage discharges). Considering all these elements, the present research addresses decision-makers, providing information and tools necessary to plan in a more aware way, and also stakeholders interested in investing in the aquaculture sector, who could benefit from the proposed suitability maps for fish and shellfish farms for a sustainable development of this sector.

IDENTIFIKASI AWAL PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN AIR TAWAR DI DUSUN KOKOQ LAUQ 1 DESA KELAYU SELATAN SELONG LOMBOK TIMUR

Freshwater fish farming activities in Kokoq Lauk 1 sub village have started to develop in recent years. The availability of water from the Menemeng River which passes through several sub village in the Kelayu Village, including Kokoq Lauq 1, has supported the development of freshwater fish farming activities. However, one of the main problems in aquaculture activities along this river is the decreasing water quality due to uncontrolled disposal of household waste and garbage. The decrease in water quality greatly affects the productivity of aquaculture activities such as the growth rate of fish, the survival rate and the spread of disease in the cultivated fishes. This activity is an initial identification of opportunities and challenges in the development of freshwater fish farming in Kokoq Lauk 1. The results of this initial study will be used as recommendations for further community service activities.

Growth, Food Efficiency, and Enzyme Activities in Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) at Different Feeding Frequencies

Many studies have been conducted on the feeding frequency in fish, but there is no information on R. lateristriata. Therefore, this study aimed to determine yellow rasbora growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestive enzyme activity at different feeding frequencies. This research was conducted experimentally with four treatments and three replications. The treatments include: P1 fish were fed two times/day; P2 fish were fed three times/day; P3 fish were fed four times/day; and P4 fish were fed five times/day. In this experiment, 420 two-month-old yellow rasboras were used. The experimental results showed that body weight gain, RGR, SGR, CF, FCR, PER, body lipid & protein levels, protein and lipid retention, protease, and amylase activity were not significantly different (p>0.05) between different feeding frequencies. However, lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities differed significantly among the different feeding frequencies. Growth performance, feed efficiency, protease activity, and yellow rasbora amylase are not affected by feeding frequency between two to five times a day. Still, the highest lipase and alkaline phosphatase activity were achieved at the feeding frequency four times a day, but no effect on growth. So, feeding twice a day is considered quite efficient for the culture of yellow rasbora. The results of this study can contribute to the development of fish farming, especially the yellow rasbora, in the future.

Determining criteria weight for assessing the potential development of freshwater fish farming in Hung Yen province by analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

This study aims to apply the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the criteria weight for assessing the potential development of freshwater fish farming in Hung Yen province. The main groups of factors related to freshwater fish farming include natural conditions, environmental ecology and socio-economic conditions. AHP is a mathematical method to support the analysis and handling of multi-criteria decision-making problems according to hierarchical levels, with the principle of determining the relative importance of main criteria and sub-criteria by pairwise comparisons, and using absolute numerical ratings. Besides, the expert consultation method also plays an essential role in the study to assess the priority, adjust the hierarchy and make objective judgments in determining the weights. The main research result was a summary table determining the weights calculated from the opinions of experts in the fields of fisheries planning, freshwater fish farming, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The weights associated with the set of evaluation criteria are the basis of the superposition of information, data, and GIS analysis, thereby building a map to assess the potential for developing freshwater fish farming in Hung Yen province to ensure accuracy and high reliability.

IMPACT OF FISH FARMING AND SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The study demonstrated in the general perspective on, Impact of fish farming and sustainable socio-economic development of Birnin Kebbi local government, therefore, the study specifically, examined what, why and how fish farming sustained socio-economic development of Birnin Kebbi. Fish farming is one of the unique and potential business and entrepreneurship development that improved the quality of national and economic development. The study highlighted the factors that could resulted in the failure of fish farming in Nigeria, specifically, in Birnin Kebbi, these factors were identified based on the empirical data received from the respondents. The Study, therefore, engaged in the conceptual aspect of the research 80% of the study were conceptual in nature study were carried out in four selected fish pounds in Birnin Kebbi. However, the study introduced conceptual review methodology that was secondary information, that could directly link to have secondhand information such information’s derived from economic development of fish farming in Nigeria, diversification of Nigeria economy from petroleum to agriculture and many more secondhand data. The study identified the basic shortcomings, that could result in the failure of the business such as lack of capital, inability for government to engaged youths in the production process of fish farming and many more. The study, however, establishes the governmental intervention and promotions of fish farming in Nigeria, particularly, in Kebbi state. Finally, the study made vital findings based on the empirical and conceptual mythological study conducted.

A stratified compartmental model for the transmission of Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fish farms†.

The rapid development of intensive fish farming has been associated with the spreading of infectious diseases, pathogens and parasites. One such parasite is Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea), which commonly infects cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)-a vital species in Mediterranean aquaculture. The parasite attaches to fish gills and can cause epizootics in sea cages with relevant consequences for fish health and associated economic losses for fish farmers. In this study, a novel stratified compartmental epidemiological model of S. chrysophrii transmission was developed and analysed. The model accounts for the temporal progression of the number of juvenile and adult parasites attached to each fish, as well as the abundance of eggs and oncomiracidia. We applied the model to data collected in a seabream farm, where the fish population and the number of adult parasites attached to fish gills were closely monitored in six different cages for 10 months. The model successfully replicated the temporal dynamics of the distribution of the parasite abundance within fish hosts and simulated the effects of environmental factors, such as water temperature, on the transmission dynamics. The findings highlight the potential of modelling tools for farming management, aiding in the prevention and control of S. chrysophrii infections in Mediterranean aquaculture.

DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF QUACULTURE VILLAGE IN GARUT REGENCY

This study aims to identify issues and formulate strategies related to the development of aquaculture village areas in Garut Regency. This research was conducted for 2 months, namely August-October. Methods of data collection by observation and interviews. Data analysis using SWOT analysis. Garut Regency has the potential for freshwater aquaculture covering an area of 26,000 hectares which includes aquaculture of calm water ponds, swift water ponds and rice fields. The aquaculture village is a program from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) which aims to improve the local rural economy for the period 2021-2024. The application of the concept of developing aquaculture villages is a strategic step in the implementation of marine and fisheries development. Aquaculture village is an area based on superior commodities and local commodities, which can encourage the development of competitive and sustainable fish farming, as well as protect fish resources and ensure sustainable and planned production. The results of the SWOT analysis show that an important strategy in developing aquaculture village areas in Garut Regency is to take advantage of market opportunities, government development supervision and community participation.

Повышение пищевых характеристик рыбы с использованием фитобиотиков и пробиотиков в кормлении (обзор)

Abstract. The purpose of the study is aimed at collecting and analyzing literature data on the use of probiotics and phytobiotics in the fish fattening system to obtain environmentally safe products on the example of fattening common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Materials and methods of research. The search and analysis of literature was carried out using Internet resources: RSCI – https://www.elibrary.ru, ScienceDirect – https://www.sciencedirect.com, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Results. In this review, using meta-analytical data, the main results on the use of probiotics and phytobiotics in the fish fattening system for obtaining environmentally safe products with high nutritional values of finished products are summarized. The current trends of high demand for food products are mainly focused on the search for innovative solutions for the identification of production processes. From the standpoint of nutritional value, fish proteins are absorbed better than animal proteins. Fish contains significant indicators of calcium content, which, combined with high levels of vitamin D and low cholesterol, makes it extremely useful for the human body. As the main model for collecting meta-analytical data, we used the results of international experience in the use of various phytobiotics in the fattening of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A systematic analysis of the data allows us to judge the high potential of feed additives of various origin and pharmacochemical composition as growth activators, antioxidant and humoral protection of the body, as well as an increase in the nutritional value of finished products by increasing the content of crude protein in the final product. The presented data indicate a high potential for the use of agro-food waste for the sustainable development of industrial fish farming. It should be noted that the conducted bibliometric study of the review of recent publications indicates a high level of interest in the world to solve the problem and the interest of the world scientific community. Scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis of empirical literature data on the development and use of probiotic and phytobiotic feed additives to increase productivity, nutritional value and resistance to infectious diseases of various representatives of aquaculture.