Traffic noise poses significant mental health risks primarily through stress responses. While labyrinths have shown to reduce stress and promote relaxation, their efficacy in mitigating stress induced by traffic noise remains unclear. Therefore, this study conducted repeated-measures experiments to investigate the effects of different labyrinth-like path layouts on stress responses to traffic noise. Heart rate variability and electrodermal activity were measured using the E4 wristband to evaluate participants’ physiological stress levels. The results suggest that: (1) Walking on a continuous curved path layout (CS) effectively mitigated stress responses to traffic noise, as indicated by multiple physiological stress measures; (2) Regarding stress-mitigating path continuity attributes, 180-degree turns were positive attributes (p < 0.05), while 90-degree turns were negative attributes (p < 0.01); (3) Regarding stress-mitigating path layout features, curved segments (p < 0.01) and switchbacks (p < 0.05) were positive features, while U shapes were negative features (p < 0.01). This study indicates that complex path layouts with negative continuity attributes or layout features should be avoided to mitigate stress in noisy urban environments, particularly in areas lacking resources for sound barriers and noise-absorbing vegetation. Our findings contribute to the development of evidence-based guidelines for street design. When mainstreamed through public codes, further comprehensive analyses involving feasibility assessments, economic evaluations, and community engagement are warranted to ensure practical and sustainable implementation.