Development Of European Society Research Articles

A multispecies coexistence based on rewilding and degrowth for the sake of global health

Abstract The climate emergency is closely linked to biodiversity loss, both in its (anthropogenic) causes (anthropogenic) and possible (nature-based) solutions. Both crises are a major threat to global health because zoonoses, global warming and other climate impacts make present and future generations vulnerable, and aggravate social inequalities. Indeed, this has led some authors to start talking about ecological determinants of health. However, based on a narrative review of recent academic literature, I will argue that trophic rewilding strategies, framed within conservation biology, can ensure global health by stopping the spread of zoonoses and animating the carbon cycle. A first aim of my contribution will be to defend this correlation. Then, my next purpose will be to address how rewilding could favor coexistence with protected or reintroduced keystone species. The recent UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15) in Montreal agreed to extend the care of wilderness areas and restore 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030, but this is a political as well as a social challenge. The current development model in Europe, based on fossil-dependent economic growth, is a stumbling block for wildlife to flourish. I will therefore argue that degrowth could be a complementary development alternative to rewilding in order to make a more serious commitment to global health. Key messages • The ecological restoration of trophic rewilding can contribute to global health by mitigating climate change and zoonoses. • The development of European societies is based on economic growth, and as this is a threat for wildlife flourishing, a shift towards degrowh could complement rewilding and strengthen global health.

Gutenberg, chemistry and the advancement of knowledge

This article is a brief review of the history of printing, centred around the life and inventions of Johannes Gutenberg, who is widely regarded as the father of printing. Starting with what we know of the earliest developments in printing in China, the article will present the little knowledge we have about Gutenberg’s life and a summary of his contribution to the invention and development of the printing press and its associated technologies. This will be illuminated by an examination of how his most famous publication, the 42-line Gutenberg Bible, came to be created. Gutenberg’s improvements to the chemistry of metal type and printing ink are outlined. The crucial importance of printing on the development of European society in the critical periods of the Reformation and the Renaissance and in the development and culture of science is obvious, but the lasting impact of the language of printing in today’s world is surprising.

How Europe can Benefit from Immigration-Related “Diversity” – a Policy Paper

AbstractThis article is based on a selection of the findings and insights emerging from “DIVERSE,” diversity improvement as a viable enrichment resource for society and economy, a research-project realized with the aim of contributing to “reinvent” the European migrants’ integration model, in order to sustain both the positive interethnic coexistence and the long-term development of European societies. Implemented from January 2014 to June 2015 in 10 EU countries – Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden –, characterized by very different migration experiences, the project had identified three major levers to maximize migrants’ potential contribution: (1) enhancing the recognition of migrants’ skills, knowledge and competences (here after: SKC); (2) promoting the awareness of the advantages provided by the implementation of diversity management (here after DM) practices; (3) improving migrants’ civic and voluntary involvement. After a presentation of the theoretical premises on which the project was based (Sections 1–2) and the description of the project activities (Section 3), the article will focus on both the major impacts and the critical insights emerged in relation of each lever (Section 4); finally, it will develop some policy implications in order to make these levers crucial components of a wider strategy aimed at benefiting from immigration-related “diversity,” reinforcing both the economic competitiveness and the social cohesion of European society (Section 5).

Recalibrating meaning and building context for collections of distantiated stone tools

ABSTRACTStone tool and other lithic material produced by Australian Aboriginal people has been collected as evidence to support a range of theoretical and practical constructions, including the development of European societies, and Aboriginal occupation and land use. In the middle of the twentieth century, Dr Leonhard Adam built a relatively small collection of lithic material at the University of Melbourne, sourced as gifts or sales from local collectors, and which traded internationally in the development of the University’s ethnographic collection. Focusing on the archives associated with this collection, this paper examines how material was collected, documented and traded. This in turn highlights the ways in which collecting has severely compromised evidential function, and demonstrates how interrogating archives that describe such collecting practices helps in assessing and defining critical issues of verification and evidential value that remain to be addressed if such collections are to be used into the future.

Philosophy and Politics: The Dialogue between Campagnolo and Bobbio

The formal establishment of the Societe Europeenne de Culture (SEC) took place in Venice in 1950 to build a bridge between West and East political Europe. Through constant reflection on the general development of European society, the SEC tried to focus on priorities for interest and action, in order to foster cultural positions that can take ethical-political responsibilities implying the understanding, collaboration and peace. This commitment was founded theoretically with the concept of 'political culture', formulated by Umberto Campagnolo and expressed in a session of the General Assembly in November 1951. Immediately Norberto Bobbio gave notice of it on the 'Rivista di Filosofia' ('Journal of Philosophy') in January of 1952, in 'Cultural Policy and Politics of Culture', with which he shared the principles expressed and publicized by Campagnolo. The dialogue between the two philosophers intensified under the theoretical aspect at the beginning of the 60s, when it was clear that the common civil commitment sprang from a different conception of philosophy and politics.