Developmental Environmental Conditions Research Articles

EVALUASI PROGRAM REHABILITASI SOSIAL DAERAH KUMUH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP WARGA DI KELURAHAN NGAGELREJO, KECAMATAN WONOKROMO KOTA SURABAYA

Housing and settlements are one of the basic human needs that are important factors in improving human dignity and the quality of a prosperous life in a just and prosperous society. . The problem of slums which is mostly inhabited by the poor is a complex and intertwined phenomenon, because it has long been a social problem in the community. One of the efforts of the Surabaya City Government to reduce uninhabitable housing is through the Slum Areas Social Rehabilitation Program (RSDK). Research on the Evaluation of the Slum Region Social Rehabilitation Program for Improving the Quality of Life of Residents was carried out to describe the extent of the Evaluation and Impact of the Implementation of the RSDK Program, using descriptive qualitative research methods based on the criteria of Effectiveness, Efficiency, Adequacy, Equality, Responsiveness and Accuracy. The results of this evaluation indicate that in general the Program Implementation was sufficient to meet the criteria targeted at the implementation program. In terms of efficiency, program implementation still has shortcomings due to the minimum timeframe specified and also the implementation process that is appropriate to the cost per stage. Adequacy is judged by the success of the development is still low due to complaints from some program beneficiaries. The similarity is seen based on the costs incurred for the Construction of Home Improvements have been carried out fairly. The level of community responsiveness related to program implementation is quite good because of the role of the local community in helping the program implementation process. The accuracy of the program implementation related to the results or program objectives are in accordance with what is desired. The physical impact that occurs with the construction of uninhabitable housing improvement programs can help the development of environmental conditions in the communities living in slums. Meanwhile, the social impact that occurs is to bring up value that is useful and useful for the needs of people's lives.

Seasonality impels the antibiotic resistance in Kelani River of the emerging economy of Sri Lanka

We evaluated the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic-resistant gene, and metal concentration in a tropical river of Sri Lanka as a pre-emptive effort to understand the seasonal impact on their prevalence. Resistance for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, kanamycin monosulfate (KM), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (ST) was measured with Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The prevalence of Escherichia coli ranged from 10 to 27 CFU (colony-forming unit) ml−1 in Kelani River in Sri Lanka, and most of the E. coli isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. However, the resistance for TC and ST was much higher than other antibiotics. We found that the resistance percentage for older antibiotics like TC and ST was higher than the newer antibiotics. We detected genes that confer resistance to TCs, sulfonamides, β-lactams, and fluoroquinolones. Seasonal variation in the resistance of fluoroquinolones was much higher than the non-fluoroquinolones, but the effect was antagonistic. Overall, the significant seasonal variations imply the importance of mixed source and environmental conditions for development and transmission of antibiotic resistance.

The Holocene expansion of grassland in northern Europe reconstructed from molluscan assemblages

From the synthesis of the malacological data collected from 12 sites in the large flood‐plain of the Seine basin, three main environmental stages have been reconstructed. During the first half of the Holocene, forest environments are prevalent (Seine 1). As early as c. 6.5 cal. ka BP, the first evidence of woodland clearance is observed (Seine 2) and, from c. 3.4 cal. ka BP, the lowlands were largely cleared of trees and are dominated by grassland (Seine 3). This three‐stage development of environmental conditions is consistent with the environmental developments reconstructed from molluscan successions in England, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Our results highlight anthropogenic disturbance as the key factor in the openness of the Holocene landscape and pinpoint the period between c. 3.6 and c. 2.8 cal. ka BP as a transitional phase of this large‐scale environmental change.

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY OF RESPONSIVE WALL TECHNOLOGY FOR INDONESIA’S TRADITIONAL HOUSE; LEARNING FROM WOGO HOUSE, FLORES, INDONESIA

Indonesia’s traditional house have been imposed to steadily extend their functionality at comfortable living. The expanding application of basic in this context has lead to the emergence of the terms responsive technology to describe a building envelope form that can meet such demands, be it to a varying degree of success. Within the scope of this paper, intelligent behaviour for a building envelope by means of psychical process defined as adaptiveness or responsive to the environment which enables the envelope to solve conflicts and deal with new situations that occur in its interaction with the environment. This definition is used as a basis for an analysis of the functions a local technology can be expected to perform in the context of incident solar radiation and indoor temperature to the requirements of the traditional building occupant. Among the characteristics discussed in this paper, are the traditional wall’s ability to adapt the indoor climate and preferences, to choose the most appropriate response in each situation, to anticipate the development of environmental conditions, and to evaluate its own performance. Several stage are discussed: Wogo House’s responsive environment, wall technology, thermal environment and and contemporary context. The result of study in Flores Island illustrated that the traditional house achieved good thermal environment performance by responsive wall technology in Wogo traditional house.

Coupling effect diagnoses of quasi-stationary mesoscale vortex in Guangxi rainstorm process of China

The mesoscale weather system which affected the Guangxi flash-flood-producing rainstorm of China in June 2008 is a quasi-stationary mesoscale vortex. Its genesis and development is closely related to the coupling effects of weather systems in different scales and different latitudes. On the one hand, the coupling of synoptic scale high- and low-level jets provides the environmental conditions for development of vortices and vertical circulations in the mesoscale vortex; On the other hand, the coupling of waves in mid-latitude westerlies and perturbations in low-latitude warm-moist flow under the influence of complex terrain makes the mesoscale vortex circulations strengthened. With the piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion method, PV anomalies in different regions are analyzed; also the vortex-vortex interactions and vortex-background flow interactions are diagnosed. Thus, the reasons why the mesoscale is quasi-stationary at first, while developing and deepening later are indicated. Under the condition of coupling effects, the vertical motions accompanied with the mesoscale vortex can be diagnosed with the PV-ω inversion system based on the analysis of quasi-balanced flow.

Individual and environmental conditions for the literacy development of pupils with severe visual impairments

This study investigates how environmental conditions for development in reading, as well as support in Braille and assistive technology, have influenced the literacy of 11 pupils in Norwegian mainstream schools. It was recommended that these pupils learn to read both Braille and print because of their severe visual impairments ie. a visual acuity of 0.1 (20/200), or complicated visual functioning. Their reading and participation in a modern society depends on extensive use of assistive technology. The analysis is based on the pupils' coping strategies in reading and interviews with pupils, teachers and parents. Findings show that the pupils have appropriate reading devices for Braille and print, but technical aid for Braille is infrequently used. Lack of competence in Braille and reading devices at school and home will influence stimulation of literacy and choice of reading media. Possibilities in assistive technology are thus not fully realised. Each pupil's individual needs, as well as ways in which support and stimulation could be provided, should therefore be addressed when recommending reading media and devices.

Mars, Modulus and MAGIC. The measurement of stable isotopic compositions at a planetary surface

Model payloads of any spacecraft destined for the surface of Mars may include an ‘evolved gas analyser’, or EGA. Depending upon one's perception of such a device this may be considered capable of only relatively simple experiments where, for instance, a sample is heated with concomitant detection of the liberated gases. In a sense this approach realises only a limited scientific return. In contrast we contend that an EGA can be part of a very sophisticated instrument which would have the power to reproduce the levels of analytical performance obtained in laboratories on Earth. In this case the apparatus includes, in addition to facilities for heating samples, a gas management system whereby sample gases are separated, purified and quantified, several different gas chromatographic columns optimised for different separation purposes, and a mass spectrometer capable of detecting gases and measuring their stable isotopic compositions. Even using existing materials and technologies the total mass of such a device can be made with a mass of less than 3 kg; a more focused experiment could be performed for < 2 kg. As such it is entirely reasonable to consider that future Mars missions should include such instrumentation, the technical goals of which include measurement of the following isotope ratios: D/H ( 2 H 1 H ), 13 C 12 C , 15 N 14 N , 17 O 16 O , 18 O 16 O , possibly 34 S 32 S and certain key noble gas isotope ratios (for instance Ar and Xe). Scientifically the ambitions of such a project would be to understand the past and present geochemistry of the light elements at the martian surface. Since the elements of interest are implicated in the development of environmental conditions, results would be placed within the context of atmospheric evolution, volatile cycling, surface weathering and martian exobiology.

The need for light element stable isotopic ratios on Mars by INTERMARSNET

The mass available within the payload of INTERMARSNET provides scope for instruments which need not necessarily be part of the envisaged network but could exist as stand-alone entities on a single lander station. Model payloads include an evolved gas analyser which, depending upon one's perception, may be considered capable of only relatively simple experiments where, for instance, a sample is heated with concomitant detection of the liberated gases. In a sense this approach realizes only a limited scientific return. In contrast, an EGA can be part of a very sophisticated instrument which would have the power to reproduce the levels of analytical performance obtained in laboratories on Earth. In this case the apparatus would include, in addition to facilities for heating samples, a gas management system whereby sample gases are separated, purified and quantified, several different gas chromatographic columns optimized for different separation purposes, and a mass spectrometer capable of detecting gases and measuring their stable isotopic compositions. The technical goals include measurement of the following isotope ratios: D H ( 2H 1H ). 13C 12C , 15N 14N , 17O 16O , 18O 16O , possibly 34S 32S and certain key noble gas isotope ratios (i.e. Ne, Ar and Xe). Given that light element stable isotopes are an important route to the understanding of the martian surface and atmosphere, giving information about current and past climate, it would be highly appropriate to have such an experiment determine precise differential compositions (δ values for C, N, O and H) as part of the mission. Existing knowledge about the isotopic composition of Mars from previous space activities (Viking), telescopic observations and the SNC meteorites (assuming these to be martian) is discussed herein noting deficiencies in our coverage and making suggestions for additional work. Ideas are presented for determining precise values for key systems involving carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen employing the “Modulus” philosophy, which was developed for the international Rosetta Cometary mission. Scientifically the ambitions of such a project would be to understand the past and present geochemistry of the light elements at the martian surface. Since the elements of interest are implicated in the development of environmental conditions, results would be placed within the context of atmospheric evolution, volatile cycling, surface weathering and martian exobiology.