Development Of Environmental Aspects Research Articles

Тенденции развития горнолыжного туризма в Карачаево-Черкесии

Introduction. T he sphere of ski tourism is one of the priorities of state policy, which is expressed in the following factors: comprehensive restructuring of the tourism sector; development of large infrastructure projects; introduction of a mandatory system of classification of tourist facilities by location; formation of new ski trails and beaches. The strategic direction of the development of the ski tourism sector within the framework of the development of internal and external travel is the growth of consolidation of all territories of the Russian Federation, based on the development of transport infrastructure, purposeful activity of the state, establishing the principles and amounts of fees for various services, transportation of passengers and cargo, export and import of goods, subsidizing interregional transportation. The purpose of the study is to determine the strategic priorities for the development of ski tourism in the world and Russia. Materials and methods of research. Theoretical foundations of the Russian school of strategizing, general logical research methods, system and situational approaches, modeling of economic processes. Research results and discussion. The study identified the main problems and ways to solve them within the framework of sustainable development of the mountainous territories of Russia. It is determined that with global transformation processes, the country has a wide range of opportunities for the development of tourist territories, while it is necessary to develop comprehensive programs for the development of the tourism industry, effective marketing solutions in the context of strengthening the interaction of the country's tourist facilities with international tourist markets. Conclusion. Comprehensive solutions to the key problems of mountain territories require the development of a unified system of classification and accessibility of tourist information, the creation of a modern regulatory framework for tourism development, the formation of large ski complexes and territories that operate all year round and are accessible to the average citizen, the development of environmental aspects in the tourism sector.

Monitoring energy efficiency and environmental impact of the woodworking industry in Germany

The forest wood chain is affected by the current policy framework in context with environmental and energy related issues in many ways. But since policy instruments interfere with certain parts of the forest-wood chain separately, there is no holistic monitoring installed which follows the development of the complete chain. Especially the development of environmental aspects of the production of wood products is a rather black spot. To include the environmental impact of the woodworking industry in long term evaluations of political decisions taken today, the monitoring of its changes is indispensable. The article presents a monitoring approach which combines comprehensive life cycle inventory data on product level with historical data on sector level. The approach is confirmed to be feasible for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels. The results show that from 2003 until 2012 the sawmill industry increased its average greenhouse gas emissions from 35 to 43 kg CO $$_{2}$$ -eq./m $$^{3}$$ and the wood based panels industry decreased the emissions from 353 to 325 kg CO $$_{2}$$ -eq./m $$^{3}$$ . In both cases, a change in the product mix of the two sectors was identified to be responsible. However, the results also indicate that both sectors gravely reduced their greenhouse gas efficiency due to a decreasing capacity utilization, which means that the environmental impacts for a specific type of wood product have changed distinctly over time. A comparison of the findings with displacement factors for wood products substitution was conducted to understand the relevance of the results. It showed that the development of environmental aspects of the woodworking industry needs to be taken into account for long term evaluations of political decisions affecting the forest wood chain.