Development Of Energy Internet Research Articles

Current Situation and Future of Energy Internet Development

Current Situation and Future of Energy Internet Development

Can energy internet improve corporate ESG performance? -- Evidence from Chinese high energy-consuming companies

Under the challenges of global crises such as climate warming, ESG performance, which represents sustainable development, has received widespread attention at home and abroad. Using the panel data from 2011 to 2020, comprising 726 high energy-consuming companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares, this paper takes Energy Internet demonstration project in 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment and builds a difference-in-difference model to study its microscopic policy effects. The study found that, firstly, Energy Internet can markedly enhance ESG performance of high energy-consuming companies. Secondly, the mechanism test finds that Energy Internet can facilitate high energy-consuming enterprises to enhance their ESG performance through three mechanisms: increasing government subsidies for enterprises in energy conservation and environmental protection, absorbing talent employment and improving information environment within the enterprises. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis proves that Energy Internet's policy effects are more pronounced in regions with higher financial expenditures on local science undertakings and among state-owned enterprises. China ought to persist in advancing the development of Energy Internet and provide companies with adequate support on finance, talent and technology. Meanwhile, during the construction of Energy Internet, attention should be paid to adapting to local conditions and enterprises.

Energy Internet—Decentralized systems contributing to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

<p>As the world’s industrialisation and population increase, the amount of fossil fuels consumed also increases. This brings with it environmental pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the depletion of these non-renewable resources. With the significant industrialisation and increasing consumerism of societies, an important issue is the growing demand for energy. Energy production using fossil fuels contributes to climate change and environmental pollution. To meet these changes, the energy industry is undergoing a transformation towards green energy. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources and substituting fossil fuels to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and slow the greenhouse effect is a key objective for countries around the world. To achieve these ambitious goals, new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are coming to the rescue. Ubiquitous digitisation is supporting the transformation of the energy sector and the emergence of the Internet of Energy. The use of new technologies, smart sensors, photovoltaic panels, IoT-based wind turbines, smart grids supports the rapid development of Energy Internet (EI) and the decentralization of energy systems. This paper provides some insight into the issues surrounding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the increased use of renewable energy sources in energy production systems.</p>

Optimal Operation Strategy of Combined Heat and Power System Considering Demand Response and Household Thermal Inertia

With the development of energy Internet and renewable energy, the combined heat and power micro-energy grid (CHPMEG) has become an important carrier for the use of clean energy. In order to improve the living comfort of households and the utilization efficiency of wind power in winter, this paper proposes a coordinated optimal operation strategy of CHPMEG considering the load demand side response and the thermal inertia of the user side. First, the load demand side response is introduced into the optimal operation of CHPMEG, and a load demand response model is proposed based on reward mechanism. Then, the household thermal inertia is taken into account in the system operation, and a heat load model considering thermal inertia is established to describe the corresponding characteristics more exactly. On this basis, an optimization model is further developed and solved to minimize the operation cost of the system. Finally, the case simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimal operation strategy of CHPMEG proposed in this paper.

Evaluation of the Maturity of Urban Energy Internet Development Based on AHP-Entropy Weight Method and Improved TOPSIS

With the rapid development of communication technology and information processing technology, the construction of the Urban Energy Internet (UEI) has become one of the important construction elements of the new power system, and it is necessary to assess and analyse its development status and potential. However, the results of the current assessment of the maturity of UEI development are relatively rare, and the transformation path of urban smart energy construction needs to be studied in depth. On this basis, this study aims to propose an improved and comprehensive evaluation model for the maturity of UEI development. This study first considers the dynamic development process of the UEI and proposes an evaluation index system for the maturity of UEI development that includes three dimensions of development status, development benefits and development prospects. Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation model based on GRA-KL-TOPSIS is constructed by using the AHP-entropy weighting method to calculate the combined weights of indicators and considering the Kulla back-Leibler distance to replace the Euclidean distance in the traditional evaluation method. Finally, the maturity of Energy Internet development is calculated for five typical first-tier cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Shenyang), and the final ranking of the five cities is Shanghai > Beijing > Guangzhou > Tianjin > Shenyang. The results of the study prove the scientific validity of the model. Compared to the unimproved Topsis method, the evaluation results calculated based on the improved Topsis evaluation model are more objective and realistic in reflecting the score and rating of the cities. The analysis of the empirical results shows that cities at different stages of development should make up for their shortcomings and increase their investment in infrastructure development, technological innovation and the introduction of talents in order to accelerate the digital and intelligent development of energy.

Research on Coordinated Development of Energy Internet and Energy Transition

This paper explores the coupling and coordinated relationship between the development of Energy Internet and Energy Transition. Based on the evaluation index system of coupling and coordinated development between the Energy Internet and Energy Transition, this paper analyzes and evaluates the relevant data of China from 2011 to 2020. The research results show that the comprehensive development evaluation value of the Energy Internet is higher than that of Energy Transition, and the development effect of the Energy Internet is better than that of the Energy Transition process. In the future, the comprehensive development evaluation value of the Energy Internet and Energy Transition will continue to rise, but the evaluation value of Energy Transition will fluctuate. In terms of coupling and coordination, from 2011 to 2020, the coupling degree and coordination degree of the Energy Internet and Energy Transition systems in China have shown a trend of fluctuating upward, but the fluctuation range is not large. It is expected that in the next decade, the Energy Internet and Energy Transition system in China will gradually enter a stage of coordinated development.

Evaluation and Promotion Mechanism of Urban Energy Internet Development under Double Carbon Target

Under the "double carbon" strategy, as the main source of carbon dioxide emissions, the energy industry is the main force in carbon reduction, and cities which are the main energy consumers are the main battleground. Thoroughly implementing the new development concept, building a clean, low-carbon, safe and reliable, intelligent and open energy network, and building a modern intelligent energy system are the key to realizing the low-carbon transformation of the national energy industry. This paper analyzes the requirements of energy Internet development and the shortcomings of energy Internet development based on the necessity of energy Internet development in China, constructs a development evaluation index system, and proposes the development mechanism and policy recommendations of urban energy Internet under the background of "double carbon".

Battery storage system plug-and-play information flow implementation technology

In order to solve the problems that may exist in the large-scale application of energy storage, the “plug-and-play” technology is realized through battery storage power plants. The concept of plug-and-play originates from the network, which refers to the ability of the computer system to configure expansion boards and other devices automatically. This paper researches plug-and-play key technologies for battery storage power stations, aiming to overcome the grid-connected bottlenecks after large-scale application of energy storage systems, improve the effectiveness and convenience of the grid-connected operation of energy storage systems, and effectively improve the practicality of energy storage systems level, supporting the company’s energy Internet development strategy. Based on the technical framework of plug-and-play realization of battery storage power stations, this paper will conduct technical research on the realization of information flow. First, based on the IED modeling method and the actual functional requirements of BESS, we select logical nodes with corresponding functions to form logical devices and establish the BESS information model. Then, we express the self-describing characteristics through the SCL configuration file and analyze the configuration process of the configuration description file CID. Finally, the plug-and-play information flow implementation architecture is constructed with the heterogeneous information model mapping and data conversion module as the core part. Our design can realize the real plug-and-play operation of the battery storage power station connected to the regional power grid, thereby promoting the friendly interaction between the regional power grid and the battery storage power station and improving the adaptability of the battery storage power station in different application scenarios.

A review of energy internet research considering interactive energy: The blockchain perspective

With the proposal of carbon peak and neutrality goals in China, new technologies such as multi-energy synergy technology, cyber physical systems, and multi-market integration technology have ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Energy Internet (EI) technology considering interactive energy has come into being. Interactive energy is a mechanism to achieve system balance by integrating economic means and power grid control technology, using “value” as a coordination method. It can promote the development and utilization of distributed renewable energy in the energy internet technology, so as to promote the clean, low-carbon, and intelligent development of energy. Blockchain can provide effective support for the development and application of EI because of its decentralized, open, autonomous, and information-immutable characteristics. In order to better cope with the challenges existing in EI, this article designs an analysis framework for EI from the blockchain perspective, which contains five dimensions, including engineering dimension, technical dimension, economic dimension, environmental dimension, and social dimension. It further refines the five dimensions aiming to comprehensively summarize the research status of the EI, which can promote its application in the development of all industries in society.

Roadmap to urban energy internet: Techno-enviro-economic analysis of renewable electricity and natural gas integrated energy system

The integrated energy system which coordinates natural gas, renewable energy, and other energy subsystems is an effective way to promote a low-carbon economy. An effective framework for system assessment and optimisation is a critical issue. This paper takes a natural gas-wind-photovoltaic integrated energy system as the research object and uses the simulation software to analyse its techno-enviro-economic feasibility. Firstly, a mathematical model is customised to optimise the system installation and operation plans. Renewable electricity replaces some natural gas, resulting in pipeline pressure fluctuation. Here, the Stoner Pipeline Simulator software is used to simulate pipeline network operation to quantify the aforementioned pressure fluctuations. The proportion of renewable energy is gradually reduced until the network pressure fluctuation is less than 20% to ensure the stability of pipeline operation. Then, the optimal operation scheme can be determined. Taking three cities in Shandong, China, as cases, the results show that the proposed system is beneficial for urban energy internet development: (i) the total net present cost is reduced by 19.7%, 19.8%, and 20.8%, (ii) annual CO2 emission is reduced by 23.7%, 18.4%, and 12.2%; (iii) the levelised cost of energy is 0.142 $/kWh, 0.143$/kWh, and 0.153$/kWh.

Measures Taken by Power Companies to Promote the Development of Energy Internet

Energy Internet is the product of deep integration of energy field with automatic control, information processing, network communication and other fields. It is a fundamental revolution to the way of life of human society. It is necessary to evaluate the development of the energy Internet from five aspects: investment environment, economic benefits, energy conservation and emission reduction, energy services, and technical level. As one of the main forces in the construction of energy Internet, power enterprises need to promote the development of their own energy Internet business from four aspects: policy orientation, business structure, innovation mechanism, and financing channels.

Security architecture and technology of power Internet of things for energy interconnection

The power Internet of things platform is an important support for the digital innovation service of the energy Internet, covering all links of the power system. There are many new security problems. How to realize the trusted interconnection, intelligent defense and security interaction of the power Internet of things, and how to solve the data, application and key security of the power information system are important problems to be solved in the current power Internet of things, Facing the development of energy Internet, this paper analyzes the security requirements and characteristics of power Internet of things, puts forward the security framework of power Internet of things, and summarizes the key technologies of power Internet of things security.

Applications of Internet of Things to Power Grids for Providing Ecofriendly Energy Sources to Smart Cities and Smart Homes

Energy internet is a new concept, which aims in evolving smart grids by integrating several forms of energy sources into a flexible and efficient grid. This review article comprehensively analyzes the utilization of internet of things to power grids and in turn to various smart environments, viz, smart cities, smart homes, smart meters and energy management systems. In short, this article explores the development of energy internet that is essential for the operation of smart city.

Data-Driven Dynamical Control for Bottom-up Energy Internet System

With the increasing concern on climate change and global warming, the reduction of carbon emission becomes an important topic in many aspects of human society. The development of energy Internet (EI) makes it possible to achieve better utilization of distributed renewable energy sources with the power sharing functionality introduced by energy routers (ERs). In this paper, a bottom-up EI architecture is designed, and a novel data-driven dynamical control strategy is proposed. Intelligent controllers augmented by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques are adopted for the operation of each microgrid independently in the bottom layer. Moreover, the concept of curriculum learning (CL) is integrated into DRL to improve the sample efficiency and accelerate the training process. Based on the power exchange plan determined in the bottom layer, considering the stochastic nature of electricity price in the future power market, the optimal power dispatching scheme in the upper layer is decided via model predictive control. The simulation has shown that, under the bottom-up architecture, compared with the conventional methods such as proportional integral and optimal power flow, the proposed method reduces overall generation cost by 7.1% and 37%, respectively. Meanwhile, the introduced CL-based training strategy can significantly speed up the convergence during the training of DRL. Last but not least, our method increases the profit of energy trading between ERs and the main grid.

Research on Multi-scene and Multi-station Fusion Mode Based on Layered Theory of Energy Internet

Multi-station integration is a new form of business in the development of energy Internet and a brand new practice of power iot. It is an innovative form that strengthens the interaction between charge and storage of source network on both sides of energy supply and demand, and enhances the flexibility of power grid by taking substation, energy storage station, distributed energy station and other resources as the core. However, there is not a set of construction mode that can guide implementation, copy and popularize. Therefore, guided by the existing construction practice of multi-station fusion in China and combined with multi-user scenarios, this paper studies the multi-station fusion mode, proposes a multi-station fusion planning system based on EIST theory, gives the fusion mode under different business scenarios, and synchronously constructs a new ecological business chain with multi-station fusion as the core. It aims to make full use of the innate advantages of substation in energy flow convergence, realize the “integration of energy flow, business flow and data flow”, comprehensively support the transformation of digital power grid, and practice the national development strategy of “digital economy” and “digital China”.

Real-Time Bidding Model of Cryptocurrency Energy Trading Platform

Blockchain technology provides a comprehensive solution to user access and energy trading for distributed energy Internet. Achieving market-based pricing, increasing the earnings of energy suppliers, attracting foreign capital and facilitating the upgrade of solar and wind energy are pressing issues. Drawing on the practices of centralised exchanges and blockchain cryptocurrency, the author designed the Cryptocurrency Energy Trading Platform (CETP), dividing the permissioned blockchain into the Energy Blockchain Platform (EBP) and the Energy Cryptocurrency Exchange (ECE). The frequently used real-time bidding scenario and the seldom-used power-using scenario are separated from each other. A market welfare model for real-time bidding is established and verified. With Energy Blockchain Cryptocurrency (EBC) as the trading medium, the platform allows external bidders to get involved in the bidding and transactions, which not only attracts the social capital to be used in the development of energy Internet but also helps stabilise the energy market prices, thus, advancing the energy Internet.

Multi-stage robust optimization of a multi-energy coupled system considering multiple uncertainties

As an effective means to improve the efficient use of energy, multi-energy coupled systems have indicated the important direction for the development of Energy Internet in the foreseeable future. However, the uncertainties that exist in various energy networks present severe challenges to the implementation of this innovative system. In this regard, this paper proposed a multi-stage robust optimization model for the coordinated operation of an electricity-gas-transportation coupled system, which simultaneously considered the uncertainties of traffic demands, wind power, and gas fuel consumption by gas-fired units. To conform to the non-anticipative sequential decision-making process for power system scheduling, the multi-stage robust unit commitment (UC) problem was established and considered as the master problem, which was solved by introducing a linear affine rule and the robust counterpart method. The gas network operation feasibility checks in each period were then addressed as the subproblems, and the generalized benders decomposition-based decoupling-coordination strategy was developed to solve the above master-subproblems iteratively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi-stage robust UC model can achieve a scheduling solution with superior economic performance and reduced conservativeness compared to the two-stage robust UC model. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the decoupling-coordination solving strategy was verified for the multi-energy coupled system.

Multi-level peer-to-peer collaborative optimization of smart energy system based on big data analysis

The emergence of energy internet has changed people’s understanding of energy production, transmission, storage, conversion and consumption. However, how to promote the development of energy Internet, how to integrate it with various existing energy entities, and really play a role, still need more in-depth research and practice. To solve the problem of optimal management and control of energy and power system, a multi-level peer-to-peer collaborative optimization method for smart energy system based on big data analysis is proposed. In the constructed optimization scheduling model, combined with the demand response characteristics of different energy loads, and based on the time-sharing price of energy such as electricity and natural gas, the user IDR response is described in detail from the aspects of load reduction, transferable load and replaceable load, so that it can effectively cooperate with MES equipment in IEGS, thus minimizing the system operation cost. Multi-source energy storage mode is helpful to improve the economic efficiency of smart energy system, reduce the influence of uncertainty on the actual operation of the system, and reduce the power fluctuation burden of power grid.

Research on interactive response strategy of power demandside resources participating in power grid

At present, it is difficult to cope with the increasingly severe power supply and demand situation and large-scale renewable energy grid connection demand only relying on generation side dispatching mode adjustment. With the deepening development of energy Internet, new demand side resources such as distributed generation, energy storage and electric vehicles are gradually exploited, and their value is more prominent. In order to adapt to the impact of large-scale renewable energy grid connected operation on the security and stability of power grid, it is necessary to comprehensively sort out the types of power demand side resources and study their participation in the interactive response strategy of power grid, so as to effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid.

A lightweight privacy-preserving and sharing scheme with dual-blockchain for intelligent pricing system of smart grid

With the deepening of the application of information technology, the development trend of smart grid as the next generation grid has pointed the way for the development of energy internet in the power industry. To protect the privacy of participants, this paper proposes a lightweight dual-blockchain privacy protection and sharing solution for smart grid intelligent pricing systems. We design a lightweight distributed cloud storage architecture based on dual blockchains. The cloud storage architecture stores the encrypted data and returns the address, thereby protecting the privacy of the data. A private blockchain is used to map the association between real identity and pseudonym. At the same time, a new shared blockchain is created for nodes with access control to reduce cost, ensure security and access resource on-demand. Then, secure signature authentication and identity-based proxy re-encryption strategies are designed. Encryption and bilinear pair-based signature scheme is used to aggregate data to support low-cost and high-performance computing. The evaluation results show that the scheme has the advantages of low latency, low response time and small storage cost, and can meet the growing demand for secure communication of full-service data of the smart grid.