Electric Power Development Research Articles

The application of the internet of things technology in the smart grid

The development of electric power and the energy industry is an important guarantee for national economic development. With the explosion of population and the development of science and technology, the power system needs to be more intelligent and networked to facilitate management and optimization. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has continued to develop through the combination of Internet technology and sensor technology, and the fast network transmission speed as well as the miniaturization and refinement of sensing can help the construction of the smart grid. This paper analyzes the application of IoT technology in the smart grid, including different types of smart grid architecture and the practical application of the IoT technology in the whole process of power transmission. Besides, the paper also discusses different application links and network levels. At present, the IoT technology has been applied to the smart grid information collection, transmission, and processing process, participating in information management in the power station, power transmission, substation, and other links. However, due to the complexity of processing the massive data of the power grid and the multiple network connections during the transmission process, ensuring the security of information and networks has become a challenge. While realizing high-speed communication, it is necessary to ensure the security of users as well as the information communication and networks.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING THE DEA METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF ELECTRICITY COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

Performance evaluation aims to continuously monitor the efficiency and economics of company operations and offers information for company decision-making. Adequate and comparable performance evaluation requires a method and measuring tool that can measure company performance in a complex manner. DEA is a method that allows the use of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The State Electricity Company (PLN) is a company that focuses on the electric power sector for the benefit of society and the state. PLN's business sector consists of businesses such as: (i) production, transmission, and distribution of electric power; (ii) planning and development of electric power; (iii) exploitation and development of electric power; and (iv) business of services in the electricity sector. Indonesia's economic growth relies heavily on electricity. The aim of the research is to evaluate PLN's performance in Indonesia using the DEA method. DEA is a linear programming method that deals with performance measurement. Performance measurement consists of input and output parameters. Performance evaluation is one way to identify effective and ineffective DMU. In this way, PLN, as the driving force of the economy in Indonesia, can develop well in a sustainable manner. The research results indicated that efficient DMUs have a percentage of 94% and inefficient DMUs have a percentage of 6%.

Methods for assessing the reliability of in-shop power supply

Research activities in the field of development of electrical power and electrical equipment include the development of new approaches to assessing the reliability indicators of electrical equipment elements and in-house power supply systems in general. The study has examined methods for assessing the reliability of electrical equipment in intra-shop power supply systems using the example of a workshop network section, including its main elements: power transformer, low-voltage cable lines, distribution points, circuit breakers, magnetic starters, contactors, switches. The reliability parameters of the circuit are calculated relative to the distribution cabinet of the power (DCp) and the distribution point of the power (DPp); regarding each connection of DCp and DPp. The methods under consideration are recommended to be used to clarify the frequency and timing of maintenance and repairs of electrical equipment of the in-shop power supply system, as well as to analyze the reliability of operation and identify the least reliable sections of network diagrams. The presented calculation using the logical-probabilistic method by constructing a fault tree is advisable to use to estimate the frequency of power loss of DCp and DPp, as well as individual connections. For the studied circuits, graphical dependences of the probability of failure-free operation of electrical equipment and the occurrence of a failure over time have been constructed.

Research on Application Scenarios of Artificial Intelligence in New Power System

Building a New Power System with new energy as the main body is the main theme of modern energy system construction and energy for a period of time in the future. It is an inevitable choice to promote the clean and low-carbon development of electric power. Through artificial intelligence technology, we can solve the problems of strong volatility and difficult regulation caused by the diversity of new energy sources, and promote the establishment of a green, efficient, flexible, interactive, safe and controllable New Power System. This paper sorts out the challenges and deficiencies faced by New Power System, summarizes the application characteristics of artificial intelligence in various industries, analyzes the development and characteristics of artificial intelligence applications, combines the application hotspots of artificial intelligence New Power System, studies the application scenarios of artificial intelligence in the construction, operation and maintenance of New Power System, and puts forward suggestions on the research direction.

Study on ecological environment impact and soil and water conservation technology of power transmission and transformation projects in typical ecologically fragile areas in western China

In the steady development of social and economic, the field of power transmission and transformation engineering construction in our country gradually forms a new electric power development pattern, providing a solid foundation for the innovative development of electric power enterprises in a new era. Since power transmission and transformation projects will cause serious soil and water loss, which will have a direct impact on the stability of ecological environment in various regions, which is not conducive to the construction and operation of power transmission and transformation projects and the long-term development of social economy, how to construct a safe and standardized construction environment, scientifically deal with the ecological environment problems of power transmission and transformation projects, and rationally use soil and water conservation technology? It is the main problem that Chinese scholars study and discuss at present. On the basis of understanding the environmental status of typical ecologically fragile areas in western China, and according to the development of soil and water conservation technology in power transmission and transformation projects, this paper mainly studies the online monitoring system and application technology of soil and water conservation for power transmission and transformation projects in a certain area, so as to provide effective basis for the construction management of power transmission and transformation projects in the new era.

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Composites with Fluorinated Graphene Nanofillers.

The demand for high-performance dielectrics has increased due to the rapid development of modern electric power and electronic technology. Composite dielectrics, which can overcome the limitations of traditional single polymers in thermal conductivity, dielectric properties and mechanical performance, have received considerable attention. In this study, we report a multifunctional nanocomposite material fabricated by blending fluorinated graphene (F-graphene) with epoxy resin. The F-graphene/epoxy composite exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 0.3304 W·m-1·K-1 at a low filler loading of 1.0 wt.%, which was 67.63% higher than that of pure epoxy. The composite dielectric also showed high breakdown strength (78.60 kV/mm), high dielectric constant (8.23), low dielectric loss (<0.015) and low AC conductivity (<10-11 S·m-1). Moreover, the composite demonstrated high thermal stability and strong mechanical strength. It is believed that the F-graphene/epoxy composite has outstanding performance in various aspects and can enable the development and manufacturing of advanced electric power and electronic equipment devices.

The Development of Solar Electric Power in Vietnam From Economy and Policy Analysis

The Development of Solar Electric Power in Vietnam From Economy and Policy Analysis

Can energy poverty be eradicated by project aid? Evidence from African countries

AbstractWhile the main task of electricity development in other countries of the world is to expand the production of electricity or to improve the way it is generated, the problems faced by sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) countries are more immediate and urgent ‐ here less than half of the population has access to electricity. This study aims to examine whether aid projects can alleviate energy poverty. Since the assisted power facilities will affect neighbouring countries across borders, this study constructs a dynamic spatial Durbin model to take spatial spillover effects into account. The results of the spatial correlation test indicate that the spatial distribution of aid projects is random, which is an important finding that evenly distributed aid policies lead to disorderly aid. Further analysis shows that the mismatch effect of aid resources hinders the development of electricity in recipient countries. Urbanisation and technical assistance are the key factors to accelerate the development of electric power and improve the benefit of assistance. This paper suggests that aid policies should be implemented on a long‐term and stable basis, with a focus on those recipient countries that are highly urbanised to take advantage of their unique advantages.

Deepening research on the construction thought of intelligent substation aerial survey auxiliary system

In the construction and development of modern society, the rational use of intelligent system is the inevitable trend of the development of the world's electric power, and the comprehensive promotion of smart grid is the basic consensus of the world's innovation. Substation intelligentization belongs to a gradual in-depth development process, which will change from traditional substation to integrated automation station, and then to digital substation, and finally become smart substation. Nowadays, Chinese power grid enterprises have already realized the large-scale construction and management of digital substations, and put forward the development goals and basic plans for the construction of smart substations. In 2020, the intelligent development probability of important substations has reached 100%. Therefore, after understanding the construction scheme and development status of smart substation system, this paper mainly discusses the construction ideas and main structure of the new generation of smart substation line measurement auxiliary system, and then defines the future development direction of smart substation auxiliary system, in order to provide effective basis for the construction and operation of power system in the new era.

Research on Green and Low-Carbon Development Path of the Electric Power Industry

In the analogy where achieving the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals (the “dual carbon” goals) is compared to a battle, energy is the main battlefield, and electric power the main force. The low-carbon transformation path of the electric power industry exerts fundamental impact on progress towards carbon peaking and carbon neutrality of the whole society. Therefore, this paper first analyzes challenges and opportunities faced by the electric power industry to achieve the “dual carbon” goals; secondly, on the basis of deep low-carbon, zero-carbon and negative-carbon scenarios of the electric power industry, this paper quantifies and delves into the consumption structure of primary energy and final energy, as well as the future development positioning and trend of different categories of energy. Based on the research results, this paper proposes low-carbon transformation path of the electric power system at the stages of carbon peaking, deep low-carbon and carbon neutrality, and analyzes the trend of power supply cost changes in different scenarios. On this basis, a series of implementation key points and measures are proposed to adapt to green and low-carbon transformation of the electric power industry, covering areas such as coal-fired electric power development positioning, new energy development and utilization, diversified supply and demand, new energy industry chain, and power supply costs, and so forth.

Development of Systems Energy Research: N.I. Voropai’s Contribution

The scientific works of N.I. Voropai in the systems research methodology of power engineering, including the key properties of electric power systems (EPSs) and development of their analysis methods, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to EPS reliability, survivability, stability, and cybersecurity. A scheme of cause-and-effect relations between various types of stability violations, including new ones, that occur in modern EPSs as a result of the ongoing innovation-technological transformations in them, and the corresponding states of EPS, is drawn up. The studies of EPS heterogeneity during transients, which manifest themselves as different degrees of coherence in the motion of generators, are considered. These studies are aimed, in particular, at identifying the groups of coherent generators and revealing weak cut sets between them. The studies of EPS dynamic properties and mechanisms governing the development of large-scale cascade accidents in the power systems of Russia are analyzed. Methods and systems for control of power system operation modes, including those when the power system properties undergo transformation, as well as emergency control methods and systems, are considered. A methodology and models for substantiating the development of power systems under modern conditions, as well as energy security analysis and assurance methods are presented. The prospects for development of interstate electric links between the Unified Energy System of Russia and the power systems of neighboring countries, and for the formation of Eurasian and Global super-grids are considered, and the main results obtained in the field of establishing integrated multi-energy systems are given. The invaluable contribution N.I. Voropai has made in the development of systems studies in power engineering and its importance for applied problems is shown.

Safe Enough? A History of Nuclear Power and Accident Risk

Thomas R. Wellock's Safe Enough is the sixth volume of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's history project published in the University of California Press's remarkable library of atomic/nuclear history. This book is a strong addition to that collection. The history of nuclear power goes back a scant seventy years. The first nuclear reactor that produced electricity in December 1951 was Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor that lighted one bulb. Two years later in his “Atoms for Peace” speech to the United Nations, President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed vigorous pursuit of the “peaceful atom,” including the development of atomic-generated electrical power. Wellock picks up the story in 1965 when the unproven American nuclear power industry seemed ready for takeoff. Like many new technologies, nuclear power confronted numerous economic, political, and social hurdles. The development of more powerful nuclear reactors seemed to march in concert with the testing of unimaginably destructive nuclear bombs. Consequently, the memory of the deadly mushroom cloud rising over Hiroshima muffled the Atomic Energy Commission's (Aec) boast in 1954 that nuclear power reactors would soon be generating electricity that was “too cheap to meter.”

Carbon responsibility allocation method based on complex structure carbon emission flow theory

A carbon responsibility allocation method based on the complex structure carbon emission flow theory is proposed to address the problem posed by the unclear carbon responsibility allocation of each link in the low-carbon development of electric power. First, the calculation method, distribution characteristics, and mechanism of carbon emission flow were analyzed. The “carbon potential of complex structure” concept was introduced to track “carbon trajectory” and “green trajectory” by harnessing the ability of complex structures to retain two-dimensional information. Subsequently, the carbon responsibility allocation methods for network loss and users’ electricity consumption behavior were developed to realize the accurate carbon responsibility allocation of each system link. Finally, the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed carbon responsibility allocation method were verified using the improved IEEE 6-bus and 30-bus test systems. The application of the proposed complex structure carbon potential in the carbon emission flow theory expands the research dimension of electric power carbon emission for low-carbon development from the “carbon perspective,” provides a novel optimization space for the operation of the distribution network and realizes the carbon emission flow theory, which serves as a bridge from calculation evaluation to optimization decision.

Optimization model planning of sustainable innovation development of the electric power industry enterprise

The high scientific and practical significance of the problem of ensuring the sustainable development of electric power enterprises determined the topic, subject of research, purpose and tasks. The research purpose is connected with improving the tools of strategy for innovative development of the production field of the electric power industry enterprise. In the course of solving the set goal, the method of collective expert assessments, the method of morphological analysis based on successive approximations was used. The results of the research were substantiated methodological principles and methodology for planning the innovative development of an electric power industry enterprise. The elements of this methodology are the system of indicators of sustainable innovative development and the optimization model for the formation of a strategy for sustainable innovative development of an electric power enterprise.

Application of The Combined Method in Inventory Forecasting Electricity at PT PLN (Persero) ULP Sibuhuan

The forecast of electricity consumption is a prediction of the use of electricity for the future by referring to the use of electricity in past data. Estimates of electricity consumption needs are intended to estimate how much electricity consumption is used by customers and must be provided by PT PLN (PERSERO) ULP SIBUHUAN as a provider of electrical energy services. Population growth occurs along with the development of an area, so it affects the demand for electricity and the need for electricity consumption. Load mapping must be done to maintain the continuity and distribution of electrical energy to customers. One way to preserve the continuity of service is to estimate electric power consumption using several forecasting methods. One of the methods that can be used is to combine several load forecasting methods called the combined method. The combined method is a model that incorporates various estimation methods, including econometrics, analytics, and trends, using historical customer data originating from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) Padang Lawas Regency and PT. PLN (PERSERO) ULP SIBUHUAN. The estimated load between 2021 and 2025 is 625,070,452 kWh, with an increase in electricity consumption of 20.7%, household expenses increasing by 1.8%, and business sector expenses by 1.35%. The method used is to calculate manually using Microsoft Excel to obtain forecasting values for population growth; increasing electricity consumption is very important for planning electric power generation, development, and planning of electric power distribution and mapping of loads on customers.

Recent Progress and Perspective: Na Ion Batteries Used at Low Temperatures.

With the rapid development of electric power, lithium materials, as a rare metal material, will be used up in 50 years. Sodium, in the same main group as lithium in the periodic table, is abundant in earth’s surface. However, in the study of sodium-ion batteries, there are still problems with their low-temperature performance. Its influencing factors mainly include three parts: cathode material, anode material, and electrolyte. In the cathode, there are Prussian blue and Prussian blue analogues, layered oxides, and polyanionic-type cathodes in four parts, as this paper discusses. However, in the anode, there is hard carbon, amorphous selenium, metal selenides, and the NaTi2(PO4)3 anode. Then, we divide the electrolyte into four parts: organic electrolytes; ionic liquid electrolytes; aqueous electrolytes; and solid-state electrolytes. Here, we aim to find electrode materials with a high specific capacity of charge and discharge at lower temperatures. Meanwhile, high-electrical-potential cathode materials and low-potential anode materials are also found. Furthermore, their stability in air and performance degradation in full cells and half-cells are analyzed. As for the electrolyte, despite the aspects mentioned above, its electrical conductivity in low temperatures is also reported.

Analisis Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE) pada Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto (ITDA) Yogyakarta

One of the main sectors that uses the largest electrical energy in a country is the commercial sector. One of the parts of this sector is education. This sector has a sub-sector. It is called a building. Electrical energy conservation efforts are needed to streamline electrical energy consumption by looking at energy-saving opportunities. This research was conducted at Halim Building and Wiweko Building in Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto (ITDA), Yogyakarta. The research was conducted by taking energy audit data regarding the level of electrical energy consumption as seen from the Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) parameter. The research method began with the data collection. Furthermore, the data were processed using Ms. Excel, SPSS, and Matlab. Statistics analysis with ANOVA was carried out to conclude what parameters affected IKE. The results showed that the IKE value of the Halim Building was 30,48 kWh/m2/year and the IKE value of the Wiweko Building was 24,16 Wh/m2/year. The IKE value was still significant in the efficient category following ESDM &amp; JICA Electric Power Development Co. LTD standards.

Analysis of energy-saving and environmental benefits from power structure adjustment in China: A comparative study from 2020 to 2060

The power industry plays a major role in achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. China needs a power industry with deep decarbonization and high energy efficiency in the next 40 years. The adjustment of electric power structure mainly contains two parts: (1) The transition of thermal power generation to renewable energy power generation. (2) The transition of low-parameter thermal power generating to high-parameter thermal power generating. Here this paper predicted the total power-generating capacity in the future 40 years using multivariable linear regression and LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System) methods. Afterwards, based on baseline and policy-driven (China's energy and electric power development plan in 2030 and prospect in 2060) scenarios, this study projected the proportions of different power generation technologies/different parameters of thermal power plants using Origin and historical data. This research also used LCI (life cycle inventory) to obtain energy-saving and environmental benefits in the transitions of thermal energy to renewable energy power generation/low-parameter to high-parameter thermal power generating. Results showed that in policy-driven scenario, wind power and photovoltaic power generation will reach 36.5% and 36.9% of total power generation respectively by 2060. Moreover, renewable and new energy power generation will save 5780 million tons standard coal and 14,512 million tons of CO2 emissions by 2060. Super thermal power generation, however, was predicted to expand 1690 billion kWh from 2017 to 2050 for its large environmental benefits but phase out gradually from 2050 to 2060 to achieve Chinese government's “carbon neutrality” goal.

Progress of the brown coal derived hydrogen supply chain demonstration project

The world has changed its direction widely towards the realization of the CO2-free society by the Paris Agreement issued in 2015. In Japan, prior to the Paris Agreement, the usage of large amount of hydrogen was proposed by the several sectors through the hydrogen and fuel cell strategy road map issued in June, 2014. Also, the Prime Minister Suga declared the realization of carbon neutral by 2050 at the time of his policy speech in October, 2020 and demonstration of CO2-free hydrogen supply chain became urgent need. Under those situations, CO2-free Hydrogen Energy Supply-chain Technology Research Association has been established by the four companies comprises Iwatani Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Shell Japan Limited and Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. in 2016 towards the realization of commercial hydrogen supply chain in 2030. At the moment, research and development（R&D） has been carried out for the demonstration in 2021 through the adoption of Demonstration Project for Establishment of Mass Hydrogen Marine Transportation Supply Chain Derived from unused Brown Coal funded by the subject setting type industrial technical development subsidy of NEDO.

Spatiotemporal analysis of line loss rate: A case study in China

Line loss rate (LLR) is an important indicator of the service quality of power grid, and reducing line loss is the key to the sustainable development of electric power. Currently many researches focus on the LLR, however, most of them are based on theoretical data or a small amount of actual data, and rare studies on large scale actual data. In this paper, based on the data of China from 2013 to 2017, a comprehensive analysis in time domain and space domain of large-scale LLR is carried out through K-means clustering and temperature response model, including the time-domain evolution of LLR, the relationship between LLR and seasons, the composition of LLR level area, energy consumption characteristics and LLR distribution. It is found that, first, the annual LLR of China shows a downward trend, and the significant change cycle is similar to the per capita GDP. Second, the LLR in spring is significantly lower than that in other seasons, and shows a downward trend with the increase of temperature, which is consistent with the cumulative ownership ratio of air conditioning in that year. Third, in areas with high LLR, commercial users account for a large part of all users, and the proportion of users stealing electricity is significantly higher than that in general areas. Fourth, a novel healthy gradient evaluation index of LLR is established, and it is found that the distribution of LLR in unhealthy areas is close to normal distribution, while that in healthy areas is close to lognormal distribution.