Development Of Economic Knowledge Research Articles

Scientific schools and directions of economic theory on the modern era of development

The modern expansion of subject areas of application in the development of economic theory, scientists, as a rule, distinguish four large eras of development, which are equal in their level of influence on the development of economic knowledge.

TRAINING FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR ECONOMIC UPBRINGING OF PUPILS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES

The paper focuses on one of the issues of training highly qualified specialists of the modern school that is training future primary school teachers for the economic upbringing of younger pupils in the context of globalization processes. The author emphasizes the significant gap between the real state of affairs in general secondary education, higher education institution and today’s challenges, as well as the lack of coordination between them which does not allow one to provide the economic component of professional teacher training. The article aims to justify pedagogical conditions and means ensuring effective training of prospective primary school teachers for economic education of pupils. The systemic-functional method allowed one to identify the areas in the training of prospective primary school teachers for economic education and the systemic-structural method to identify and justify practical recommendations. The study and generalization of pedagogical experience became possible due to the empirical method. Primary school teachers play an essential role in solving this particular issue. Their purposeful training depends on the quality of training and upbringing of young people, as well as full inclusion in life and effective work under modern conditions of social development. Thus, one can conclude that professional training of future primary school teachers is not focused on the development of economic knowledge in younger pupils. In this case, economic self-study presented to younger pupils based on their life experience is likely to have negative results since it does not offer pupils different approaches to solving this or that issue. The introduction of primary school counselling, didactic and economics in the curricula for training future primary school teachers should have a positive impact on their expertise and ability to provide quality education and upbringing of pupils.

FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TRAINING FOR PUPILS ECONOMIC UPBRINGING

The paper focuses on one of the issues of training highly qualified specialists of the modern school, that is, training future primary school teachers for the economic upbringing of younger pupils in the context of globalization processes. The author emphasizes the significant gap between the real state of affairs in general secondary education, higher education institution and today’s challenges, as well as the lack of coordination between them, which does not allow one to provide the economic component of professional teacher training. There appears to be a need to cultivate economic consciousness and thinking, as well as to ensure initial economic training of pupils. Such qualities as entrepreneurship, responsibility, organization and thrift are of great importance. Economic education as a socially valuable quality allows one to use time rationally, creates conditions for raising interests in high-performance and efficient work, helps calculate the family budget properly and manage the household. Economic culture as an integral part of general culture should be cultivated from early years in school. Primary school teachers play an essential role in solving this particular issue. Their purposeful training depends on the quality of training and upbringing of young people, as well as full inclusion in life and effective work under modern conditions of social development. Thus, one can conclude that professional training of future primary school teachers is not focused on the development of economic knowledge in younger pupils. In this case, economic self-study presented to younger pupils based on their life experience is likely to have negative results since it does not offer pupils different approaches to solving this or that issue. The introduction of primary school counselling, didactic and economics in the curricula for training future primary school teachers should have a positive impact on their expertise and ability to provide quality education and upbringing of pupils.

О КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМАХ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ

We carried out a theoretical analysis of various concepts used to describe and explain the development, progress and evolution of economic theory (economic science). The study found that the dynamics and transformations of economic theory were described using models of the development of scientific knowledge of three prominent philosophers and thinkers, namely: K.R. Popper, T. Kuhn and I. Lakatos. Nevertheless, the merits of each of these conceptual schemes are balanced by shortcomings, following mainly from the fact that K.R. Popper, T. Kuhn and I. Lakatos's concepts were developed to analyze the development of natural science knowledge. In this regard, an attempt was made to describe and explain the development of economic science through the use of an earlier approach - the law of the intellectual evolution of humanity by A. Comte. This approach reveals its advantages, expressed in the simplicity of presentation, openness to further research and interpretation of new results in the field of research on the development of economic thought. At the same time, it is worth noting the existence of shortcomings of the author's approach, consisting in the difficulty of establishing a chronological framework for the development of economic theory, the impossibility of using the A. Comte's law to describe the evolution of all economic schools, the fuzziness of the boundaries (periods) of the development of economic knowledge and a simplified understanding of the development of science itself as non-discontinuous progress - improvement.

Peasants’ Calculation Capacities and Measurement Behaviors in Rural Agricultural Markets of China and Cote d’Ivoire: Implications for Technology Adoption and Rural Development

Peasants’ calculation capacities (PCC) and measurement behaviors can enable the development of knowledge economy and technological exchanges. This study is based on critical observations made by analysis of Chinese and Ivorian rural markets to understand measurement system as a foundation of development of economic knowledge, science, and technology. A total of 167 rural people from China and Cote d’Ivoire were interviewed using a simple random sampling method through valid and reliable means. Using the univariate statistics, we summarized the data to statistically describe Chinese and Ivorian rural traders. The multiple linear regression model was used to examine the impact of different explanatory variables on peasants’ calculating capacities. From the independent two samples t-test, we statistically examined the difference between the calculation capacities of Chinese and Ivorian rural traders. Analysis of the data from China and Cote d’Ivoire showed that 76% of Chinese rural traders were using traditional or modern weighing balance compared to only 24% in Cote d’Ivoire. Modern or traditional weighing balance was popular only with traders or wholesalers dealing with bulk commodities, or traders with expensive products in the case of Cote d’Ivoire. Our findings also depict that the calculation capacities of Chinese rural traders are higher than Ivorian (p-value < 0.001). Experience was found to be the most effective factors for the estimation of PCC among Chinese and Ivorian rural traders. Together, these results significantly expand the knowledge, economy, and technology adoption issues in the context of China and Cote d’Ivoire. Thus, our analyses provide useful insights for policymakers, rural traders, advisers, for decision making and agricultural extension services in these two countries, particularly for China–Africa cooperation.

Пути разрешения системного кризиса в экономической теории

Objective: modern economic science has been in a state of systemic crisis for many years. The reason is its empiricism, which limits the possibilities of economic science to a superficial description of the economic process. Numerous attempts of the economic science to exit from stagnation by means of this discipline per se did not lead to positive result. Our goal is to overcome the situation of “discontinuity” in the development of economic knowledge, which had formed by the end of the 20th century. Methods: abstract-logical, historical, methods of analysis and synthesis.Results: the paper proposes a way out of this situation by means of scientific methodology, which provides the opportunity to improve the specific discipline by using the power of the entire continuum of knowledge and methods developed by science during the whole period of its existence. The authors substantiate the necessity, admissibility and legitimacy of transiting to a scientific paradigm based on classification by certain types of relations and using the energy-dynamic theory for representing the transfer and transformation of any forms of energy, regardless of their belonging to a particular field of knowledge. In fact, we are talking about transition from empirical science to the one based on the study of links between processes and phenomena, as mathematics is not sufficient to describe their system features. It is indicated that the qualitative development of economic science can be provided only by studying objects as a set of elements with certain functions, which corresponds to the concept of “systems science”.Scientific novelty: the necessity is proved to transit to the science based on new ontology with the possibility to reach a higher level of abstraction. The ways of forming a new trajectory of economic theory development are designated; the theoretical methodology tools are presented providing formation of such theory. The proposed systemic dimension of science allows full-fledged elaboration of elements of any origin, regardless of the limitations within a scientific discipline.Practical significance: the paper shows that modern science has everything necessary for the withdrawal of economic science from the state of stagnation, which can be used by experts in the field of economics and related disciplines.

L’Économie Politique de Joseph Dupleix : mercantilisme, autorité, et deuxième guerre carnatique, 1751-1754

This article examines a series of divisive debates over the political economy of colonial trade within the Compagnie des Indes, the privileged corporation that held a monopoly on commerce in India during the eighteenth century. It looks specifically at the fallout from the Second Carnatic War (1751-1754), a string of local succession conflicts to which Company administrators committed French troops in the hopes of gaining territorial concessions and tax revenues. As the military effort turned against the French, employees in Asia sought to justify their engagement in this conflict by criticizing the Company’s reliance on commercial monopoly. Opponents to the conflict, by contrast, developed a competing model of colonial political economy to push for the expansion of corporate regulation in India. This article thus illustrates the contested and uncertain foundations of French commercial theory in the eighteenth century, suggesting that the development of economic knowledge was closely tied to the personal politics of various colonial officials.

The Development of Economic Knowledge in the Era of Modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Application

The paper presents selected views and economic theories considering the influence of up-to-date information and communication technologies. Both positive and negative consequences of this influence on various aspects of the life of the man, the society and the whole country were indicated. Moreover, appropriate conclusions in this scope were formulated.

Discourse and Development of Economic Knowledge

Mechanisms of transformation of knowledge in economic science are considered in the article. The author analyses the sphere of labor motivation in the Soviet political economy. He demonstrates the possibilities of statistical distribution analysis in studying discourse practices, reveals stages of development and mechanisms of discourse formation in the Soviet political economy. The question about the limits of the normative ethic approach in economic research is also risen in the article.