Development Of Eco-industrial Parks Research Articles

The Role of Eco-industrial Parks in Promoting Regional Circular Economy: A Stakeholder Perspective

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss an eco-industrial park (EIP) formation process and its role in promoting regional circular economy (CE) policy from a stakeholder perspective. This case study adds to the knowledge of stakeholder engagement and the role of intermediation in EIP formation and related urban–regional CE policies. By reviewing the case of the ECO3 bioeconomy and CE industrial park in Tampere Region, Finland, we analyze the role of a city-owned development company in the EIP development as an intermediary between public and private stakeholder interests. Intermediation proved to be fruitful in the EIP formation process, as the intermediator sufficiently catalyzed the alignment of stakeholder interests, and various stakeholders thus contributed resources (stakes) to the development process, which furthered the growth of the EIP. The case illustrates how a hybrid actor, such as a city-owned development company, may serve as an important catalyst in regional CE promotion.

Middle‐out evolution of greenfield eco‐industrial parks: The journey of GreenLab, Denmark

AbstractTransforming into eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) by applying collaborative measures and stakeholder engagement is a practical and political response to the decline of current industrial parks, and a solution for fostering sustainable industrial development. While the brownfield approach (EIP development through retrofits and new strategies of existing establishments) is common, greenfield development—where sustainability is inherent in planning, design, and construction—is gaining interest. The present study uses the case of GreenLab in Denmark to explore the emergence and development of greenfield EIPs, showcasing the potential of a middle‐out approach and emphasizing the role of curation in contrast to top‐down and bottom‐up processes. The study draws on a process‐model analytical framework, encompassing the evolutionary phases, the actors involved, and the co‐creation of the journey. The development of GreenLab is found to have passed through three phases of evolution: pre‐emergence, emergence, and probation, increasing the “networkness” in the business park. We point to several critical factors that drove these phases, among which shared vision, road mapping, and engagement and political support from local, regional, and national actors are critical. Furthermore, strategic planning, continuous funding, and strong collaboration with research institutions have been essential. The replication potential of GreenLab is substantial, and the experiences accumulated over the years can guide other greenfield EIPs and new research avenues considering greenfield EIPs.

PROMOTION OF SMES ESTABLISHMENT AS PART OF THE INDUSTRIAL PARKS TRANSFORMATION

This study examines the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in transforming industrial parks into eco-industrial parks and focuses on strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises’ engagement. The relevance of the topic stems from the growing need to implement sustainable development principles, which are increasingly demanded by companies with international investments. These principles require industrial sites to balance economic and environmental indicators through the creation of eco-friendly industrial systems. SMEs are crucial to this process due to their flexibility, capacity for innovation, and efficient resource use. However, their integration into industrial parks faces significant barriers, such as limited financial resources, technical expertise, and infrastructure, making this issue critical for investigation. The study employs inductive analysis of scientific literature, case studies, and reports on eco-industrial parks development and small and medium-sized enterprises’ support. Findings indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises significantly enhance the economic vitality of industrial parks by creating jobs, fostering innovation, and expanding production capacity. However, in countries like Ukraine, the involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises is hindered by financial, regulatory, and technical challenges. The article proposes a methodology for developing strategies to attract small and medium-sized enterprises to industrial parks, which will enhance their alignment with eco-industrial standards and promote sustainable regional development.

A guiding framework for new eco-industrial park

ABSTRACT Industrial activities and waste are the main sources of air, water, soil pollution, depletion of natural resources, global warming and climatic changes, acid rain, biodiversity degradation worldwide. Egypt is suffering from industrial pollution and moving towards zero pollution goal represents a great challenge. Recently, Egypt is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The notion of eco-industrial park (EIP) has been revitalized recently to reduce waste and pollution, efficiently share resources, and help to achieve sustainable development in the industrial sector. The objective of this research is to suggest a framework to guide the development of eco-industrial parks in Egypt. The research applies the inductive method to deduce the suggested framework. The main international and national eco-industrial park guidelines as well as international case studies are used to conclude the main categories and criteria as well as the relationship between criteria. In order to investigate the proposed guiding framework, a local case study was chosen to be studied as a sample of Egyptian eco-industrial park. In conclusion, the application of the suggested framework helped highlighting the covered and uncovered areas in the sample local case study as a step to build on in the Egyptian context.

Eco-industrial transformation in Uganda: performance evaluation of industrial parks using the international EIP framework

This study investigates the transformation of traditional industrial parks into eco-industrial parks within Uganda, with a focus on the Kampala Industrial and Business Park and the Mbale Industrial Park. Utilizing the International Framework for Eco-Industrial Parks as a guiding tool, the research evaluates the parks’ alignment with global eco-industrial park standards. Eco-industrial parks, serving as catalysts for industrial ecology development, promote sustainable practices, resource optimization, and symbiotic inter-industrial relationships. The analysis underscores the pivotal roles of various stakeholders, including the government, enterprises, international cooperators, financial institutions, local communities, and educational and research entities. While Uganda has shown commitment in policy formulation toward industrial transformation, the practical realization of eco-industrial parks remains in its early stages. Challenges such as waste management, energy supply, and community engagement are evident. However, the potential for eco-industrial park development is promising, especially with enhanced international cooperation, financial backing, and community involvement. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for region-specific indicators, tailored educational initiatives, and the selection of Mbale as a pilot city for eco-industrial park development, setting a precedent for the country’s sustainable industrial trajectory.

Assessing the Feasibility of Eco-Industrial Parks in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Thang Long II Industrial Park in Vietnam

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) exemplify sustainable industrial development by maximizing resource efficiency through waste material reuse. However, their global implementation encounters challenges. This paper introduces two key contributions to the EIP literature. Firstly, it presents a simple, interdisciplinary framework for assessing the feasibility of transitioning to or establishing new EIPs. Secondly, it applies this framework to evaluate EIP development in Vietnam, focusing on Thang Long Industrial Park II (TLIPII) as a case study and drawing implications for other developing nations. TLIPII is remarkable for its adherence to national environmental standards, with a dual status of partial occupancy and ongoing infrastructure development. This study suggests the potential for a partial EIP transition in the occupied area and establishing a new EIP in the remaining portion. Yet substantial challenges persist due to institutional barriers like the absence of incentive policies, specific implementation guidance, and environmental regulations. TLIPIIs case underscores crucial success factors for EIP development: active stakeholder engagement, a comprehensive EIP management framework, clear stakeholder responsibilities, and the involvement of local-level actors. It also highlights the importance of flexible environmental regulations, incentives, robust stakeholder engagement, and well-defined policy frameworks. These lessons from TLIPII can inform actionable policy recommendations for other developing countries. By applying these insights, these nations can chart a roadmap for sustainable industrialization while addressing the challenges and opportunities of the EIP model.

Development of Eco-Industrial Parks in China

Development of Eco-Industrial Parks in China

Development of Eco-Industrial Parks in China

Development of Eco-Industrial Parks in China

Nonlinear Effects of Eco-Industrial Parks on Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions—Estimation Based on Nonlinear DID

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) promote the coordination of economic development and environmental protection. This paper uses the nonlinear DID method, with the data of 288 cities spanning from 2003–2019, to study the nonlinear effects of EIPs on SO2 and CO2 emissions, aiming to portray the nonlinear and heterogeneous characteristics of EIP’s effects. Meanwhile, this paper examines the effects of EIPs more accurately and completely. The main results are as follows: 1. EIPs can significantly reduce CO2 and SO2 emissions, but there is significant heterogeneity between the effects. 2. The effect of EIPs on SO2 and CO2 emissions is nonlinear. In addition, it shows significant nonlinear characteristics as the change of foreign investment and population density in cities. Therefore, it is important to consider these nonlinear characteristics when establishing and evaluating EIPs. This paper accurately identifies the nonlinear effects of EIPs and provides some suggestions for the future development of EIPs.

Development of Eco-industrial Parks in China

Over the past 20 years, China has made outstanding progress in the development of eco-industrial parks. Their number exceeds 110 parks, which is more than in any other country. They play an important role in improving the environmental performance of industrial clusters and transport hubs in many areas of the PRC. Their environmental performance indicators are increasing year by year. Their contribution to the economic and environmental performance of the territories is the subject of many studies. However, most papers study individual types of effects or the effectiveness of individual eco-industrial parks. This article systematically explores China's experience in the development of eco-industrial parks in terms of the dynamics of their total number, distribution across all territories of the stratum and all groups of effects. The study is structured as a comprehensive literature review using qualitative and quantitative tools to synthesize existing findings and official documents. As part of the study of temporal dynamics, the average duration of the creation of an eco-industrial park and its tendency to increase to 10 in 2022 were identified. In 2015-2022 a trend was found to limit park approvals and to focus on accelerating the certification of already approved parks. Eco-industrial parks are located in the most ecologically unfavorable provinces, which indicates a country-wide planned effort to improve the environmental situation with the help of eco-industrial parks. Over the past 5 years, a trend has been revealed to expand the geography of parks. The synthesis of studies on the effectiveness of parks indicate the high potential of parks to create positive economic, production and environmental effects. At the same time, the absence of documented social effects was revealed. The analysis of the eco-industrial park program in China made it possible to formulate recommendations for managing similar programs in Russia.

Eco-industrial parks: global standardization and institutionalization of the concept

The present paper aims to give an overview of the role of international organizations in the development of eco-industrial parks (EIP) worldwide. The study introduces the term of EIP and explains why and how an international framework and an institutionalized background could contribute to the harmonization of the currently present diverse logic and thinking behind the concept. The author reviewed the publications of the selected international organizations which are actively seeking ways to improve the existing eco-industrial parks, as well as trying to spread the practice globally.

Potential Application of Blockchain Technology in Eco-Industrial Park Development

The concept of an eco-industrial park (EIP) that promotes resource sharing, reutilization of waste, and exchange of materials among industries and communities brings significant benefits in terms of environmental, social, and economic aspects. EIP can be accomplished with the aid of blockchain technology to manage data and integration complexity and problem dimensionality. This work proposes the application of blockchain technology in combination with other Industry 4.0 (IR4.0) technologies as enablers for EIP development. We review the international frameworks for EIP and the IR4.0 principles and applications focusing on blockchain technology to evaluate the suitability of blockchain technology integration into the green industrial park concept. An illustrative model of a blockchain-based EIP data management platform has been proposed in this work as a starting point for exploring the full potential of this technology for future EIP applications.

Flexible networks to promote the development of industrial symbioses: A new optimization procedure

The development of eco-industrial parks is now proven a local efficient solution to reduce environmental impacts of industrial areas as well as increasing economic benefits. Furthermore, they are a good way to produce goods while reducing environmental footprints by exchanging energies, water and raw materials instead of consuming too much resources; that way it improves circularity of resources with no disruption of production. However, in an uncertain context caused by different factors such as environmental problems, sanitary crises or geopolitical conflicts, the design of an interconnected network must take into account possible deviations of nominal conditions. In this study, an integrated procedure is developed so that an optimal flexible network is designed with a given flexibility threshold. The flexibility is defined as the minimum of the maximal deviations for the nominal inlet parameters that can be handle by the network. Impact of such a flexibility is visible on the total investment cost of the network. Indeed, when adding some flexibility to the network, the investment cost is increased. The integrated procedure developed is able to find a global optimum in a very large computational time (up to 500 h); in this article, two other procedures are then tested over a large-scale case study (15 companies) to validate the approach. One of them consists in oversizing the network so that it can handle large deviations but the increase of the cost is important. The other procedure consists in a decomposition of the integrated approach in two steps: the first one aims at defining the structure of the nominal solution (minimum of the cost) and the second one evaluates several deviation scenarios to take into account disruption of inlet parameters. The results show that the two-steps procedure obtains results close to the integrated procedure with reasonable computational time (up to 40 min). This study helps to provide solutions to design optimal flexible networks, also adapted to solve large-scale eco-industrial parks; it can also be used as an optimization-decision aid tool for the territorial development of industrial ecology.

Institutional support for the development of eco-industrial parks in the conditions of the circular economy formation taking into account world experience

The article aims to substantiate the principles of institutional support for the development of eco-industrial parks in the conditions of formation of circular economy taking into account, the world experience. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach. It is based on the fact that the institutional support for the development of eco-industrial parks orients the actions of the authorities at different levels to establish certain norms, rules, restrictions, the order of their establishment and fulfillment in terms of achieving the goals of sustainable development, with interaction with the subjects of territorial communities. It is concluded that institutional support, should provide effective assistance in the development of public policies that underpin the eco-industrial parks, ensuring compliance with the rights and freedoms of business entities. In addition, the basis of institutional support for park development is based on a systemic approach, which is proposed in the form of a recurrent functional relationship. Measures aimed at ensuring institutional support for these parks are highlighted.

An approach to stimulate the sustainability of an eco-industrial park using coupled emergy and system dynamics

Using an emergy and system dynamics model, this paper proposes a dynamic evaluation method for the sustainable development of eco-industrial parks and conducts an empirical analysis of the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Four SETDZ’s development scenarios were designed, including inertia, economic, environmental protection, and science and technology scenarios, and the sustainable development status of each scenario was simulated and dynamically evaluated. In this paper, emergy analysis and SD method are used to simulate the changes of system functional elements and emergy evaluation indexes of SETDZ. The results show that under the coordinated development of the economy and environment, the science and technology scenario based on high-tech investment is the best development strategy for SETDZ. The sustainability of the SETDZ greatly improved on the implementation of the circular economic model, and the sustainable development indicator of the science and technology scenario increased from 3.59E-02 (2014) to 8.16E-02 (2024). Furthermore, SETDZ could achieve the coordinated development of the economy and environment owing to the reasonable layout of industrial enterprises, integration of public resources, effective utilization and disposal of waste, establishment of an enterprise symbiosis system, development of cleaner production, and other measures.

Tracking industrial symbiosis performance with ecological network approach integrating economic and environmental benefits analysis

Eco-industrial park (EIP) is systematic innovation based on industrial symbiosis (IS). Monitor and track the benefit of industrial symbiosis is critical to EIP performance evaluation. Numerous evaluations were applied based on sustainability indicators. However, dynamically track the contribution of IS from the network perspective, and incorporate the sustainability indicators, are few reported. This paper combines ecological network method, and environmental & economic analysis to dynamically monitor and evaluate the EIP performance. The proposed method presents the IS expansion as the development of EIP. The change of observed environmental and economic flows in the park level is further analyzed to account the indicators. Our method aims to report the benefit that derived from the development of IS better. Kawasaki eco-town, Japan, was applied to demonstrate the developed approach. Results highlighted the approach could effectively track EIP performance based on IS expansion, and attract policymakers and businessmen to EIP transition activities.

Researchon fuzzy evaluation of waste logistics system in industrial park based on BP neural network

<p align="justify">According to the design principle of evaluation index, combined with the requirements of system operation efficiency and benefit, the development of eco city and eco industrial park, this paper puts forward the evaluation index system of waste logistics system in the park with 22 secondary indexes from the five aspects of system input, system capacity, operation efficiency, treatment efficiency and environmental performance, reasonably determines the index weight by using analytic hierarchy process, and selects 12 industrial parks as the object for example analysis, and use the proposed index system to carry out fuzzy evaluation and obtain the input and evaluation results of fuzzy evaluation. Then, according to the fuzzy evaluation process, build a three-layer BP neural network, train the BP network with the input and output of fuzzy evaluation, and obtain the BP network that can perform fuzzy evaluation. The example analysis shows that: the evaluation results of BP network for each park are the same as those of fuzzy evaluation. It is a convenient, reliable and effective scientific tool to evaluate the performance of waste logistics system in the park.</p>

Development of eco‐industrial parks in Ethiopia: The case of Hawassa Industrial Park

AbstractAs win‐win solutions at the park level, eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) have become the mainstream model to realize a sustainable transition of industrial parks in the world. However, few cases have been implemented in Africa, even though Africa is fertile ground for the growth of industrial parks. This study explores the transition process and outcome of a typical African industrial park—Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP) in Ethiopia. We adopted the international framework for EIPs and applied the strategic niche management (SNM) framework to uncover the transition performance and process. This study shows that HIP's development is a clear articulation of implementing the sustainable development strategy and the industrial park development corporation's role. However, the analysis also identified limitations such as the impracticability of certain framework criteria and inapplicable indicators. Although HIP is still at the nascent stages of EIP implementation, we have found three critical factors for EIP development in Ethiopia from our preliminary observation. These include the importance of actors, the learning process, and having standards for an indicator system. These indicators are of exceptional value to Ethiopian researchers and practitioners in integrating sustainability into local economic development.

Підтримка розвитку еко-індустріальних парків в умовах релокації та євроінтеграції бізнес-процесів

The article examines the problems of supporting production capacities through the mechanism of industrial parks, and defines the main tasks of realizing this goal. Programs to support the relocation of enterprises from war zones and the role of eco-industrial parks in promoting the launch of industrial capacities are highlighted. The advantages of industrial parks for the relocation of industrial enterprises and incentives for the development of infrastructure and the creation of new jobs in the host region are emphasized. The peculiarities of the model of the eco-industrial park as a means of solving the problems of regional and sectoral development and its place in the implementation of plans for the restoration of industry are revealed. Pilot objects for the implementation of the EIP model have been identified. In the context of the development of eco-industrial parks, it is proposed to develop the production of dual-purpose products based on composite products from basalt and fiberglass on the basis of existing production facilities in Ukraine and Europe.

ПРОМИСЛОВИЙ СИМБІОЗ ЯК ЧИННИК СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ТА ЕКОЛОГОБЕЗПЕЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МІСТА

The article has been devoted to solving the problems of sustainable development of the city in the socio-ecological and economic aspect considering the influence of the factor of industrial symbiosis. The characteristics of industrial symbiosis have been generalized and its role in solving the problems of industrial recycling, industrial ecology and sustainable development of the territory has been determined. The European experience of using the advantages of industrial symbiosis in the creation and development of eco-industrial parks has been analyzed. The institutional-legal and organizational-technological approaches to the use of the European experience of creating eco-industrial parks in Ukraine have been considered. The institutional and legal approach presupposes the legislative consolidation of the ecological component in the formation of industrial parks in Ukraine. The organizational and technological approach allows organizing an industrial symbiosis for the city's enterprises that produce, process and use industrial waste, like an eco-industrial park. As a result, local resources are saved, new jobs are created, and the environmental situation is improved. It is especially true for cities in which there is a critical situation with the processing of industrial waste and a high level of technogenic load is observed. Proposals have been developed for organizing industrial symbiosis between the city's enterprises as an eco-industrial park for the management of metallurgical waste - blast furnace slags. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure cooperation between producers (metallurgical enterprises), processors (enterprises of building materials) and consumers (enterprises of road facilities and urban construction enterprises), stimulation of entrepreneurship in the field of industrial waste processing, and the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. Cooperation depends on the consistency of production planning between metallurgical enterprises and related waste processing enterprises. Therefore, it is advisable to form a coordination center and use computer information resource management systems. Stimulating entrepreneurship in the field of services for the processing of industrial waste involves the establishment of benefits and preferences by local governments within the framework of their powers. When using the mechanisms of public-private partnership of enterprises within the framework of industrial symbiosis, it is necessary to ensure the optimal distribution of risks between the public and private partners, which should be the subject of further research.