Development Of Early Reading Skills Research Articles

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA ANAK MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FLIPBOOK

Abstrak Beginning reading ability is an important ability to develop in children. This study aims to develop early reading skills in children using Flipbook media at TK IT Darul Hikmah Mumtaza City of Sungai Penuh. This study used a collaborative classroom action research approach. The sampling technique is cluster sampling. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kuantitatif dengan persentase dan analisis kualitatif. The results showed that there was an increase in initial reading ability, namely in the pre-cycle conditions of 48.8% increased in cycle I to 60.83%, in cycle II it increased by 75% and in cycle III to 88.33% with very good development criteria. Thus it can be concluded that Flipbook media can develop children's early reading skills in the TK IT Darul Hikmah Mumtaza, Sungai Penuh City. In implication, the use of Flipbook media shows a more optimal development of early reading skills in children.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan melalui Media Flash Card pada Siswa Kelas 1 SD di biMBA-Aiueo Kramat Semanan

This thesis is motivated by the low development of early reading skills in grade 1 elementary school students at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan. This study also aims to improve early reading skills using flash card media in pre-school age children. The subject of this study consisted of 13 children, 8 boys and 5 girls. This research is a classroom action research that uses the Kemmis and Mc Taggart research model while the data collection techniques used by observation, interviews, documentation and tests. The data analysis technique using quantitative descriptive percentage. The results shows that the early reading ability of children at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan improved gradually by using flash card media through the steps, namely, recognizing the relationship of letters to sounds, distinguishing letters/recognizing familiar letters, mentioning words with the same initial letters, combining syllables into words, mentioning pictures that have words, and reading words clearly. The improvement can be proven from the result of the first cycle research is in the criteria of developing as expected by 53%, then increase in cycle II to 80%, and increasing to 96.3% in the third cycle. From the description above, it can be concluded that using flash card media can improve early reading skills in pre-school age children at biMBA-AIUEO Kramat Semanan, Kalideres District, West Jakarta.

Description of Parent's Support on Development of Early Reading Skills

This research motivated by the large of children aged 5-6 years who have quite high reading ability in Jorong VII Pasar Lama Lubuk Basung, Agam Regency.This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The population in this reaseach were parents who had children aged 5-6 years in Jorong VII Pasar Lama Lubuk Basung, Agam Regency, amounting to 35 people. Samples are taken with the intention or purpose of 21 parents. Data analysis techniques use a percentage formula.The results of the reseach: 1) parental support to provide guidance in the form of directing, accompanying, and rectifying can be categorized as good. 2) Furthermore, parents' support to give praise in the form of verbal non-verbal praise can be categorized as good. 3) parental support to provide encouragement in the form of giving gifts and providing facilities can also be categorized as good. Keywords: Support, Development, Reading Beginning

Correlates of early reading skills among pre-school children in Iran

This study was carried out to examine some of the factors influencing early reading skills among pre-school children in selected nursery schools in tehran, Iran. Descriptive research design of the correlation type was used. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to identify and measure reading skills and factors influencing their development. Randomly selected 300 teachers and parents from 10 purposively selected private and public nursery schools participated in the study. The results obtained revealed significant factors associated with early reading skills. The findings also indicated the significant correlation between learning environment in the classroom and early reading skills (r=0.29; p<0.05), the significant correlation between home learning environment and early reading skills (r=0.29; p<0.05), and the significant correlation between peer group influence and early reading skills of preschool age children (r=0.22; p<0.05). The study concluded that conducive learning environment in school and at home are important factors that can significantly improve development of reading skills at early childhood period. It was also established that children with higher abilities can positively challenge and influence another child’s skills development. Based on the above findings, the study recommended that educators and parents should always remember to take care of conducive learning environment for pre-school children by providing stimulating atmosphere that enhances all-round development. Peer group influence should be also considered as it may play a positive role in child’s development of early reading skills.

The influences of multiple informants' ratings of inattention on preschoolers' emergent literacy skills growth

There is strong evidence that inattention is a correlate of reading-related skills; however, less research has examined the unique and longitudinal relations between multiple informants' ratings of inattention and the development of early reading skills across the preschool year. This study used latent growth curve analysis to examine whether ratings of inattention, completed by multiple informants, were unique predictors of emergent literacy development in preschoolers. Participants included 284 preschool children. ADHD-rating scales were completed by three different informants (i.e., classroom teachers, project teachers, and examiners) and measures of emergent literacy skills, a measure of working memory, and a measure of non-verbal cognitive ability were completed by the preschoolers. Each informant's rating of inattention uniquely predicted children's initial emergent literacy skills, but only the ratings of inattention made by project teachers were uniquely associated with growth in emergent literacy skills over the course of the preschool year.

Correlates of Early Reading Skills among Pre-School Children in Nigeria

This study was carried out to examine some of the factors influencing early reading skills among pre-school children in selected nursery schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of the correlation type was used. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to identify and measure reading skills and factors influencing their development. Randomly selected 100 teachers and 200 parents (a total number of 300 respondents) from 10 purposively selected private and public nursery schools participated in the study. The results obtained revealed significant factors associated with early reading skills. The findings also indicated the significant correlation between learning environment in the classroom and early reading skills (r=0.29; p<0.05), the significant correlation between home learning environment and early reading skills (r=0.29; p<0.05), and the significant correlation between peer group influence and early reading skills of pre-school age children (r=0.22; p<0.05). The study concluded that conducive learning environment in school and at home are important factors that can significantly improve development of reading skills at early childhood period. It was also established that children with higher abilities can positively challenge and influence another child’s skills development. Based on the above findings, the study recommended that educators and parents should always remember to take care of conducive learning environment for pre-school children by providing stimulating atmosphere that enhances all-round development. Peer group influence should be also considered as it may play a positive role in child’s development of early reading skills.

The effectiveness of synthetic phonics in the development of early reading skills among struggling young ESL readers

ABSTRACTA quasi-experimental research design was used to investigate the effectiveness of synthetic phonics in the development of early reading skills among struggling young English as a second language (ESL) readers in a rural school. The pretest and posttest, adapted from the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS) for Preschool Students and Grades 1 to 3 tests, assessed children’s early reading skills. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. The findings indicated that the performance of students in the experimental group in decoding was significantly higher in the posttest, where t(39) = 31.441, p < .00005. Likewise, in comprehension, the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores in the posttest, where t(39) = 15.322, p < .00005. There was a significant difference in the achievement between the two groups, where t(78) = 31.010, p < .00005. This indicates that synthetic phonics could be effective in developing early reading skills for struggling readers.

P.1.f.004 Immunomodulating effects of classical and atypical antipsychotics

Two experiments investigated the mechanisms underlying analogical transfer in the clue-word reading task developed by Goswami and her colleagues. Across both experiments, an equivalent number of “analogy” responses were made regardless of whether the clue word was seen or just heard. In addition, the number of “analogy” responses to words sharing both orthographic and phonological overlap with the clue words was no greater than that shown to words sharing only pronunciations. These results provide no evidence for the view that beginning readers make genuine orthographic-based analogies. Instead, the findings are interpreted within a framework in which phonological priming, in combination with the children's own partial decoding attempts based on limited orthographic knowledge, account for their performance on the clue-word task. It is concluded that the extent to which beginning readers make orthographic analogies is overestimated and as a consequence, theories that emphasize the importance of orthographic analogy as a mechanism driving the development of early reading skills need to be questioned.

Early Decoding Speed and Later Reading Competencies in Children with German as a Second Language

In Germany, 35 % of children under the age of five have a migration background. Many of them acquire German as a second language (GSL). Until today, little is known about the development of early reading skills in these children. The aim of the present study was to compare the development of decoding speed and reading comprehension from Grade 1 to Grade 3 in GSL and native German speaking children. The study especially focused on children who showed poor decoding speed in Grade 1. Results indicated an increase in the achievement gap in measures of reading comprehension between the two language groups. In decoding speed, GSL children showed a tendency toward improving less than their native German speaking peers. In Grade 1 as well as in Grade 3, a large proportion of GSL children showed reading performances which placed them in the lowest 15 % of the test norms: At each of the measurement points, the proportion of GSL poor decoders and GSL poor reading comprehenders was twice as high as expected by test norms and substantially higher than in native German speaking children. Furthermore, results indicated that the discrepancy between measures of nonverbal intelligence and reading performance is not a reliable indicator for specific reading disabilities in GSL children.

Early Literacy Gains in Children With Cochlear Implants

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of emergent reading skills in children receiving early access to sound with a CI. Prospective case-control study. Tertiary referral center. Children who received their first cochlear implant (CI) before 24 months of age and had a minimum of 2 years experience. Receptive language skills as measured using the Reynell Developmental Language Scales or the Oral and Written Language Scales; early reading skills including alphabet, conventions, and comprehension skills assessed using the Test of Early Reading Abilities-3 (TERA-3); literacy behaviors in the home, socioeconomic status, and early intervention measures were explored on a parent questionnaire. Among 39 participants in the study, there was on average a 12-month delay in receptive language as compared with hearing peers. The study cohort as a group had age-appropriate reading scores. An inverse correlation was found between language delay and early reading performance. While accounting for language delay, girls on average performed better than boys. Daily reading at home and the use of open-ended questions during parent-child reading sessions were both associated with smaller language delays. The importance of verbal language to the development of early reading skills and vice versa is evident as is the important influence of literacy behaviors at home. Children with CIs can greatly benefit from intervention services that promote frequent exposure to books at home as well as the use of facilitative strategies during shared reading.

Assessing the Content and Quality of Commercially Available Reading Software Programs: Do They Have the Fundamental Structures to Promote the Development of Early Reading Skills in Children?

The current study developed a taxonomy of reading skills and compared this taxonomy with skills being trained in 30 commercially available software programs designed to teach emergent literacy or literacy-specific skills for children in preschool, kindergarten, and Grade 1. Outcomes suggest that, although some skills are being trained in a developmentally appropriate manner (e.g., Alphabetic Knowledge), others are absent or have incomplete presentations. Additionally, the quality of instruction for skills being trained was generally quite low due to limited examples for training each skill and few opportunities to practice the skills. Finally, scaffolding by providing access to easier and more challenging items and automaticity in moving children among levels of difficulty were inconsistent across software packages and within the software. Recommendations on best practices for choosing emergent literacy software packages and for designing pedagogically appropriate software for young children were provided.

Developing Tools for Assessing and Using Commercially Available Reading Software Programs to Promote the Development of Early Reading Skills in Children

As computers become an increasingly ubiquitous part of young children's lives there is a need to examine how best to harness digital technologies to promote learning in early childhood education contexts. The development of emergent literacy skills is 1 domain for which numerous software programs are available for young learners. In this study, we developed 2 tools that can support early childhood educators in the selection and use of early literacy software. First, based on models of reading and input from experts in reading research, we developed a taxonomy of reading skills. We then used this taxonomy to assess the literacy skills being trained in 30 commercially available software programs designed for children in preschool, kindergarten, and Grade 1. Our results indicated that although some skills were trained in a developmentally and pedagogically appropriate manner, others were absent or had incomplete presentations. The software programs were also evaluated for quality to determine whether the pro...

Indirect Impact: How Early Childhood Educator Training and Coaching Impacted the Acquisition of Literacy Skills in Preschool Students

Learning to read becomes a difficult task for many children, particularly if they have not been reared in early childhood settings where literacy-based activities, interactions, or materials are prevalent. This study examined the impact that providing a college-level course in research-based instructional strategies for literacy development to early childhood educators had on the development of early reading skills in the preschool children they taught. In addition, impact on children’s rates of literacy skill attainment was examined when a coaching component (i.e., a Literacy Coach) was added.

Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary, and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: evidence from a longitudinal study.

The authors present the results of a 2-year longitudinal study of 90 British children beginning at school entry when they were 4 years 9 months old (range = 4 years 2 months to 5 years 2 months). The relationships among early phonological skills, letter knowledge, grammatical skills, and vocabulary knowledge were investigated as predictors of word recognition and reading comprehension. Word recognition skills were consistently predicted by earlier measures of letter knowledge and phoneme sensitivity (but not by vocabulary knowledge, rhyme skills, or grammatical skills). In contrast, reading comprehension was predicted by prior word recognition skills, vocabulary knowledge, and grammatical skills. The results are related to current theories about the role of phonological, grammatical, and vocabulary skills in the development of early reading skills.

Parent–child pre–school activities can affect the development of literacy skills

This paper considers the nature of joint (parent–child) pre–school activities in the home, and their potential to contribute to the development of early reading skills. Parents gave details of the nature and frequency of any play–based activities that they routinely completed with their children. Their children were assessed on various aspects of phonological awareness, as well as their receptive vocabulary and short–term memory at four years old. One year later they completed a similar battery that also included measures of reading and spelling ability. Children who engaged in a variety of pre–school, parent–child activities showed the best achievement in reading one year later. The frequency of joint activities was also found to impact on reading attainment, vocabulary, memory and aspects of phonological awareness. The importance of shared storybook reading for later independent reading ability was reiterated by this study.

The Limitations of Orthographic Analogy in Early Reading Development: Performance on the Clue-Word Task Depends on Phonological Priming and Elementary Decoding Skill, Not the Use of Orthographic Analogy

Two experiments investigated the mechanisms underlying analogical transfer in the clue-word reading task developed by Goswami and her colleagues. Across both experiments, an equivalent number of “analogy” responses were made regardless of whether the clue word was seen or just heard. In addition, the number of “analogy” responses to words sharing both orthographic and phonological overlap with the clue words was no greater than that shown to words sharing only pronunciations. These results provide no evidence for the view that beginning readers make genuine orthographic-based analogies. Instead, the findings are interpreted within a framework in which phonological priming, in combination with the children's own partial decoding attempts based on limited orthographic knowledge, account for their performance on the clue-word task. It is concluded that the extent to which beginning readers make orthographic analogies is overestimated and as a consequence, theories that emphasize the importance of orthographic analogy as a mechanism driving the development of early reading skills need to be questioned.

The Many Faces of Learning to Read: The Role of Fathers in Helping Their Children to Develop Early Literacy Skills

The development of early reading skills for young children has been shown to occur outside the classroom context, such as at home or in the community. It has been reported that parents play an important role in this early literacy skill building. Research on parents' involvement in early literacy practices has focused primarily on mother-child interaction. Less is known about the role of the fathers. This article looks at a sample of Mexican American fathers and the reading experiences they shared with their children. The findings suggest that fathers read with their children in various subject areas including education, religion, and recreation. Recommendations on how to encourage parents to share literacy experiences with their children are offered.