Development Of Diabetes In Men Research Articles

Chronic heavy alcohol consumption influences the association between genetic variants of GCK or INSR and the development of diabetes in men: A 12-year follow-up study

Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for diabetes, which is characterized by impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine whether the longitudinal associations between genetic variants of glucokinase (GCK) and insulin receptor (INSR) and the risk of developing diabetes were influenced by chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. To identify candidate variants, 1,520 subjects (726 non-drinkers and 794 heavy drinkers) were included in the baseline cross-sectional study. After excluding patients with diabetes at baseline and those with insufficient data on diabetes incidence, prospective analyses were conducted in 773 subjects (353 non-drinkers and 420 heavy drinkers). In the baseline cross-sectional study, one SNP (rs758989) in GCK and four SNPs (rs7245757, rs1035942, rs1035940, and rs2042901) in INSR were selected as candidate SNPs that interact with alcohol to affect prediabetes and diabetes. We identified that these GCK and INSR polymorphisms are affected by chronic heavy alcohol consumption and have an effect on the incidence of diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was increased in chronic heavy alcohol drinkers carrying the C allele of GCK compared with never-drinkers with the C allele (HR, 2.15; 95% CI 1.30–3.57), and was increased in chronic heavy alcohol drinkers who were not carrying the INSR haplotype (−/−) compared with never-drinkers carrying the AACT haplotype (HR, 1.98; 95% CI 1.24–3.18). Moreover, we observed that the aggravating effects on the late insulin secretion (I/G120 and I/G AUC 60–120) in individuals who were chronic heavy drinkers with C allele of GCK. In the INSR haplotype, chronic heavy drinkers not carrying AACT were associated with lower disposition index. These results potentially suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption induce β-cell dysfunction partially mediated by decreased GCK expression or decline of insulin sensitivity via inhibition of INSR, thereby contributing to the development of diabetes.

Sex-dependent independent prediction of incident diabetes by depressive symptoms.

To study the predictive value of depressive symptoms (DeprSs) in a general population of Turkey for type 2 diabetes. Responses to three questions served to assess the sense of depression. Cox regression analyses were used regarding risk estimates for incident diabetes, after exclusion of prevalent cases of diabetes. Mean follow-up consisted of 5.15 (±1.4) years. Depressive symptoms were present at baseline in 16.2% of the whole study sample, threefold in women than men. Reduced physical activity grade was the only significant covariate at baseline in men, while younger age and lower blood pressure were significantly different in women compared with those without DeprS. In men, presence of DeprS predicted incident diabetes at a significant 2.58-fold relative risk (95% confidence interval 1.03; 6.44), after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, and antidepressant drug usage. When further covariates were added, waist circumference remained the only significant predictor, while DepS was attenuated to a relative risk of 2.12 (95% confidence interval 0.83; 5.40). DeprS was not associated with diabetes in women, whereas antidepressant drug usage only tended to be positively associated. Gender difference existed in the relationship between DeprS and incident diabetes. DeprS predicted subsequent development of diabetes in men alone, not in women. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Methylmercury Exposure and Incident Diabetes in U.S. Men and Women in Two Prospective Cohorts

OBJECTIVEEmerging in vitro and animal evidence suggests that methylmercury could increase type 2 diabetes, but little evidence exists in humans. We aimed to prospectively determine associations of mercury exposure, as assessed by biomarker measurement, with incident diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe used neutron activation analysis to measure toenail mercury, an objective biomarker of methylmercury exposure, in 9,267 adults free of diabetes at baseline in two separate U.S. prospective cohorts. Incident diabetes was identified from biennial questionnaires and confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaire using symptoms, diagnostic tests, and medical therapy. Associations of mercury exposure with incident diabetes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards.RESULTSDuring mean ± SD follow-up of 19.7 ± 7.0 years, 1,010 new cases of diabetes were diagnosed. The 95th percentile of toenail mercury was 1.32 μg/g in men and 0.76 μg/g in women, corresponding to exposures ∼3.5-fold and 2-fold higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose. In multivariable analyses, toenail mercury concentrations were not associated with higher incidence of diabetes in women, men, or both cohorts combined. Comparing the highest to lowest quintile of exposure, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident diabetes was 0.86 (0.66–1.11) in women, 0.69 (0.42–1.15) in men, and 0.77 (0.61–0.98) in the combined cohorts. Findings were similar when more extreme categories (deciles) of mercury were compared, and in analyses stratified by fish or omega-3 consumption, BMI, and age.CONCLUSIONSThese findings from two separate large prospective cohorts do not support adverse effects of methylmercury on development of diabetes in men or women at usual levels of exposure seen in these populations.

Predicting the Development of Diabetes in Men with Different Cardiovascular Risk

Predicting the Development of Diabetes in Men with Different Cardiovascular Risk

Effect of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on the development of diabetes as demonstrated by pooled logistic-regression analysis of annual health-screening information from male Japanese workers

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the development of diabetes mellitus and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) adjusted for various potential confounders. MethodsThis 5-year prospective cohort study was conducted at a Japanese steel factory and involved male workers who had received annual health screenings between 2005 and 2010. The 7392 male participants were aged 19–75years. The study endpoint, the development of diabetes mellitus, was defined as HbA1c greater or equal to 6.5% or the use of antidiabetic medication. The association between variables was investigated using pooled logistic regression adjusted for various covariates such as age, baseline body mass index (BMI) and increase in BMI from baseline, blood biochemistry, job schedule and job-related stress. ResultsThe incidence rate of diabetes development per 1000person-years was 13.9. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between the development of diabetes and elevated levels of baseline HsCRP and increases in levels from baseline. The Odds ratios for a 2.9-fold (±1 geometric standard deviation) increase in baseline HsCRP and increase in HsCRP level from baseline were 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.34; P=0.018] and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03–1.41; P=0.018), respectively. ConclusionThe present study has indicated that HsCRP is an independent predictor for the development of diabetes in men, together with various confounders such as BMI, type of job schedule and job-related stress.

Sleep duration and risk of diabetes in middle-aged and older men: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study

Purpose Physiologic studies indicate a direct link between sleep restriction and impaired glucose metabolism. The effect of habitual sleep deprivation on the development of overt clinical diabetes is unclear. Our objective is to determine whether short sleep duration is a risk factor for incident diabetes in a cohort study of men. Methods Data were obtained from a population-based prospective cohort of men (aged 40–70 years) from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Participants without clinical diabetes at baseline (1987–1989) were followed until 2004 for self-reported diagnosis of diabetes. Person-time was accumulated from baseline to year of diagnosis, last contact, or end of study. Self-reported average number of hours of sleep per night (past week) was grouped into five categories: ≤5, 6, 7, 8, and >8 hours sleep per night. We computed incidence rates (IR) and relative risks (RR) (reference group: 7 hours per night) for the development of diabetes in each sleep duration category. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression. Results Among men in the at-risk sample ( n = 1132), there were 90 cases of diabetes during 14,550 person-years of follow-up (crude IR = 618.6 per 100,000 person-years). Risk of diabetes was significantly elevated in men reporting ≤5 hours sleep (RR = 2.09; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.02, 4.29) and >8 hours sleep (RR = 3.49; 95% CI = 1.70, 7.17) when adjusted for the confounding effects of age, hypertension, smoking, self-rated health, and education. Further adjustment for body composition (a potential causal mechanism) had little effect on estimated RRs. Conclusion Our data suggest that both short (≤5 hours) and long (>8 hours) sleep duration are independent risk factors for the development of diabetes in men. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism whereby long sleep duration increases risk.

Avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal de atletas paraolímpicos brasileiros

Estudos de aspectos relacionados à dimensão, proporção, composição e maturação humanas evidenciaram estreitas relações entre formas e proporções com o movimento humano (Ross e Marfell-Jones apud Petroski, 1999)¹. Estudos têm demonstrado haver uma relação de algumas medidas antropométricas humanas com risco de doenças metabólicas (assim como o IMC (índice de massa corporal) com o desenvolvimento do diabetes em homens e também em mulheres2-4.Não obstante à sua estreita correlação com várias patologias a avaliação antropométrica dos atletas paraolímpicos brasileiros visou identificar o perfil dos diferentes grupos de atletas, descrever suas condições sob o ponto de vista da formação corporal, visando otimizar o seu rendimento atlético durante os Jogos Paraolímpicos de Sydney. Medidas de distribuição da gordura corporal, soma das dobras cutâneas, IMC e RCQ foram alguns dos parâmetros utilizados para se prescrever dietas e treinamentos específicos. Foram detectadas várias alterações nesses itens em vários grupos de atletas. A partir dos dados coletados poder-se-á criar um banco de dados com os parâmetros antropométricos de cada grupo de atletas para futuras comparações.