Development Of Destructive Processes Research Articles

ОСТАТОЧНЫЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ БЕТОНА ЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОННЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОМ ЗАМОРАЖИВАНИИ И ОТТАИВАНИИ

Experiments on the study of the effect of cyclic freezing and thawing (GCS) on the behavior of concrete show that in concrete, when exposed to negative temperatures, there is an increase in residual deformations in the form of destructive expansion of concrete. Until now, the question of the influence of the percentage of reinforcement of reinforced concrete elements on the magnitude of residual deformations of concrete expansion depending on its stress state (stretching, compression) remains little studied. In particular, how much reinforcement slows down the development of destructive processes in concrete, namely reduces the residual deformations of its expansion during sign-variable temperature effects. The purpose of this work was an experimental study of the effect of the percentage of reinforcement on the residual deformations of concrete of reinforced concrete elements under conditions of alternating temperatures. Concrete and reinforced concrete prisms with a size of 10x10x40 cm were adopted as prototypes, while the percentage of reinforcement varied (0.0 %; 0.5 %; 1.13 %; 2.54 %) and the level of loading of samples (0.0; 0.3; 0.7). As a result of testing of prototypes, residual deformations of concrete expansion were obtained under conditions of cyclic freezing and thawing. Based on the results obtained, formulas are proposed for calculating the residual deformations of concrete reinforced concrete elements under alternating temperature conditions, taking into account the percentage of reinforcement.

Comparative study of the influence of colloid-hyperosmolar and protein-salt solutions on anti-inflammatory and detoxification processes in rats with burn shock

Objective. Experimentally justify the use of colloidal-hyperosmolar solution based on hydroxyethyl starch HAES-LX-5 % and protein-salt solution based on albumin Lactoprotein with sorbitol (LPS) in burn shock (BS).
 Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on an experimental model of OS in white male rats. HAES-LX-5 %, LPS solution and control 0.9 % NaCl solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg/day for 7 days were used for infusion therapy. The blood leukocyte intoxication index (LII), medium weight molecules (MWM), C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied.
 Results and discussion. In the conditions of experimental BS with the introduction of 0.9 % NaCl, the LII on the 7th day significantly increased by 5.37 times (p<0.01) compared with intact animals (0.887±0.108 and 0.165±0.098, respectively). This indicates the development of destructive processes and intoxication of rats in BS. When HAES-LX-5 % and LPS were administered, LII increased only 2.33 times (p<0.01) and 2.41 times (p <0.05) and was significantly lower compared to 0.9 % NaCl. In animals from the group of control pathology there was an increase in blood levels of MWM, on the 1st day by 75.6 %, on the 3rd day – by 159.5 %, and on the 7th day – by 128.0 %, respectively, compared with intact animals. A systemic inflammatory reaction was also formed, which was manifested by an increase in the level of CRP. Pharmacological correction of BS with HAES-LX-5 % and LPS solutions equally inhibited the development of endotoxicosis from the 3rd to the 7th day, which was accompanied by significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of MWM by 36.2 % and 42.5 %, respectively, after administration of HAES-LX-5 % and by 32.9 % and 38.8 % after administration of LPS relative to control pathology. The use of solutions of HAES-LX-5 % and LPS inhibited the development of inflammation from the 3rd to the 7th day, which was accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of CRP by 30.7 % and 35.0 % for HAES-LX-5 %, by 29.4 % and 32.9 % for LPS compared to control.
 Conclusions. It has been experimentally shown in the model of BS that solutions HAES-LX-5 % and LPS show anti-inflammatory activity and reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, inhibiting the development of systemic stress.

The selection of parameters and control points in the geotechnical monitoring system

This article proposes an approach to the organization of the monitoring of geotechnical systems, which allows to increase the effectiveness of the automated control of destructive processes in geotechnical systems. The effectiveness of control is achieved by optimizing economic costs and technical constraints. The technical parameters of an automated geotechnical monitoring system are determined by the cost and importance of controlled objects. The criterion of optimality is the criterion of minimizing costs when implementing a geotechnical monitoring system with a constant value of possible damage. Possible damage in the geotechnical system during the development of destructive processes is expressed in monetary terms. The costs of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system are determined based on its cost, fixed costs for its maintenance, as well as technical parameters. The technical parameters in assessing the cost of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system are: the cost of measuring one controlled parameter, the number of measurement points, the cost of skipping the development of destructive geotechnical processes, the cost of a false alarm system. The proposed approach to optimizing the cost of implementing a geotechnical monitoring system is based on the monitoring method at key control points with a choice of bifurcation parameters. The proposed approach for optimizing the geotechnical monitoring system was tested in the city of Murom, Vladimir Region, and the Russian Federation while observing the development of suffusion processes of technogenic origin. The results of practical testing showed the possibility of reducing the cost of monitoring organization while maintaining control accuracy.

NEUROSONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC BRAIN IJURY

The study is aimed at neurosonographic characteristics of brain injury in newborn patients with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of central nervous system, complicated with inflectional process (meningitis, ventriculitis). It is settled that brain immaturity, hydrocephalic syndrome, ischemia of the brain tissue and intraventricular hemorrhages are found 2 times more often in infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of central nervous system, complicated with inflectional process. This fact generally characterizes disorders of the hemato-encephalic barrier and the development of destructive processes in the tissue of the brain.

FORMATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN WHEAT LEAVES UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURES

The study dealt with the effect of high temperatures (37 and 43 °C) on the formation of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat leaves. The exposure of plants to the said temperatures was found to promote superoxide anion radical production in leaf cells. This process developed more actively under the effect of the 37 °C temperature.SOD activity in the leaves of seedlings exposed to this temperature increased on the 2nd and 3rd days, while and at 43 °C the rise started as soon as after 15 minutes of exposure and continued until the end of the experiment. Also, exposure to 43 °C promoted hydrogen peroxide formation in wheat leaves, and the rise was especially pronounced after two and three days of the experiment. Plants exposed to 43 °C also exhibited a high content of MDA, which was significantly higher than in the leaves of seedlings exposed to 37 °C. Having compared changes in the formation of ROS, SOD activity and MDA content with the development of resistance in the seedlings at 37 and 43 °C temperatures, we can conclude that in the first case, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be considered not only as a damaging factor for biological structures, but also as mediators in the process of activating adaptive mechanisms. In the second case (43 °C), the intensive formation of ROS indicates the development of destructive processes, leading to plant damage and death.

Structural condition of synovial medium of joint in patients with III stage coxarthrosis

Aim. To study peculiarities of synovial medium of a joint in patients with III stage coxarthrosis (CA) using methods of ultrasound and biochemical examination.
 Materials and Methods. Ultrasound examination (US) of hip joints (n=18) and biochemical examination of synovial fluid (n=12) were conducted in patients with posttraumatic III stage CA. Echographic examination was carried out using diagnostic devices Voluson 730 PRO (Austria) and Hitachi (Japan) equipped with transductor with 7.5 MHz frequency. Total protein was measured in alkaline medium with copper sulfate. Protein fractions of synovial fluid were separated using a method of separation of a mixture of proteins to fractions or to individual proteins. The activity of catalase enzyme was determined by speed of degradation of hydrogen peroxide and of liberation of cell from its excess. Processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids (POL) were assessed by measurement of the content of the primary (diene conjugates, DC) and secondary (malondialdehyde, MDA) products of POL. Products of lipoperoxidation and of oxidative modification of proteins were presented as an estimated coefficient of sum and ratios. Lipid spectrum (cholesterol, triglycerides) was measu-red using a colorimetric method.
 Results. There were revealed structural disorders in the synovial medium of the joint. US data showed thickening of synovial and fibrous membranes of the joint capsule by 60 and 40% of the age-related norm, separation of fibers of the fibrous membrane of the joint. Biochemical examination of synovial fluid revealed reduction in the activity of enzymes of antioxidant system and accumulation of peroxidation products which evidences development of a local oxidative stress in the joint medium. In development of destructive processes in the region of joints affected by arthrosis, the activity of free radical processes considerably increases which leads to decompensation of antioxidant mechanisms with development of imbalance in the anti-oxidant protection system.
 Conclusion. In clinical practice, diagnosis of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the joint, along with X-ray data, should also include the results of biochemical and ultrasound methods of examination.

FEATURES OFT THE PERIODONTAL TISSUES ULTRASTRUCTURE UNDER CHRONIC PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS

With the help of electron microscopic and morphometric methods, the features of changes in the ultrastructure of periodontal tissues in persons with psychoemotional stresses were studied.It was shown that chronic psychoemotional stress is accompanied in the gum tissue by the development of endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction with signs of edema and destruction of the capillary endothelium and a violation of the ultrastructure of about 50 % of the mitochondria in the cells.Structural changes were also observed in bone tissue. They testified about the development of destructive processes with the violation of intercellular signaling system and signs of necrotic cells. Such changes in the gum and bone tissues can promote the development of periodontitis in the case of chronic psychoemotional stress and lead to tooth loss.

Metabolic profile and content of the connective tissues’ biopolymers in the blood serum of service boars at the different regime of reproductive loading

It is necessary to carry out not only the evaluation of sexual activity of breeder boars and the quality of their sperm, but carefully investigate the metabolic status by laboratory methods during the medical examination. It helps to determine the optimal parameters for the implementation of the reproductive potential of the breeder boars. Biochemical methods of research can establish imbalance in metabolism, the nature and localization of cytolytic processes by the degree of enzymes activity in serum. However, in order to detect inflammatory or destructive changes in the connective tissue structures, in particular the musculoskeletal system, the most informative indexes will be biopolymers of the connective tissue – glycoproteins and proteoglycans. The results of a complex examination of clinically healthy breeder boars with different regime of their production use, which includes an extended set of biochemical tests with the determination of glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate, total glycosaminoglycans and their fractions, are presented in this paper. It was found that the level of such parameters as the total protein and its fractions, urea, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, and the MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase did not have any significant differences. For breeder boars that were used in reproductive events irregularly (group I), there was an indicative higher level of creatinine and glycosaminoglycans. In animals with regular use as the herd (group II), the level of creatinine and fractions of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was lower, but there was an increasing in cholesterol, β-lipoproteins, and activity of total creatine phosphokinase. The probable difference in these indicators can be explained by the difference in the intensity of the energy metabolism processes in muscle tissue. Indeed, during long-term hard work of skeletal muscles, not only glycogen stores are used, but also the use of lipids is of great importance. In addition, the raising of cholesterol and β-lipoproteins may be due to their active involvement in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Increasing the activity of total creatine phosphokinase in blood serum of animals with the intensive use in technology probably is the evidence of severe physical activity and the development of destructive processes in muscle tissue (hyperenzymemia is detected in early stages of myopathy). The absence of the most inflammatory processes was evidenced by the unchanged level of serum glycoproteins, which are known as the acute phase tests. Differences in the parameters of the state of connective tissue were determined at the levels of general GAG, their I and III fractions (chondroitin-6-sulfate and heparan sulfate, respectively). In the first group of boars, there was a higher level of I fraction of GAG, that indicated a significant load on the joints' cartilages and the gradual development of destructive processes in them. About the III fraction of GAG, an increasing of their blood content could indicate the reaction of the vascular flow, changes in ventilation of the lungs, the course of anti-inflammatory processes in animals with the appearance of intense physical activity.

Principles and methods for ensuring safe operation of high-rise buildings

The purpose of monitoring the technical condition of high-rise buildings is to prevent possible negative situations leading to significant socio-economic losses by timely warning of the emergence of such situations. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks, such as: identifying the time and place of origin and development of negative processes that lead to the emergence of an emergency situation; analysis of the possible development of the situation in time; development of management decisions; formation and submission of warning signals; obtaining new knowledge about the operation of the object, the factors of influence on this object, the speed of development of destructive processes. When solving the above problems, an important role is played by constructing an adequate mathematical model of the object, the parameters of which should be calibrated according to the current monitoring results.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ГЕПАТОБІЛІАРНОЇ СИСТЕМИ

<p><strong>THE RESEARCH OF UKRAINIAN MEDICINES MARKET STRUCTURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM DISEASES </strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> V. Volkova</strong><strong>,</strong><strong> A</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> I. Fedosov, V.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>S. Kyslychenko</strong><strong></strong></p><p>The NationalUniversityofPharmacy,Kharkov</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> diseases of the liver and biliary tract, market of medicines, marketing analysis.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>In modern gastroenterology much attention is paid to treatment of liver and bile passages diseases as on prevalence and chronic character they concede only to pathology of cardiovascular system. The pathogenesis of hepatobiliary system leads to development of destructive processes and disease course. Under such circumstances the question of effective, timely, non-toxic and available treatment for the patient is topical.</p><p>Market research of drugs for treatment of liver and bile passages diseases, determination of features of its structure became the purpose of our research. In the research data of the State register of drugs, the research companies and manufacturing enterprises, which are generalized by means of methods of the marketing, structural, statistical and graphic analysis are used.</p><p>By results of the market sales analysis of drugs the capacity of segment A05 group "Bile and Liver Therapy" makes 6,39% of the general market capacity of drugs group A "Alimentary tract and metabolism".</p><p>It is established that preferential quantity of national production drugs are presented in A05A group and foreign in A05B group on the market by A05A "Bile therapy" and A05B "Liver therapy, lipotropics" groups.</p><p>It is significant that among 7 subgroups of the analyzed segment A05A X10 ** and A05B A50** groups are the largest, the quantity of drugs in which on trade names makes 37 and 34 respectively.</p><p>It is established that on the Ukrainian market of medicine for treatment of hepatobiliary pathology are delivered by 34 producers from 18 countries. The segment of the Ukrainian production is provided by 26 producers with a total number of 55 drugs.</p><p>By results of the structural analysis this market segments it is established that drugs are made for treatment of peptic pathology in 14 dosage forms. The greatest number of drugs is provided in the form of capsules (53 names) and tablets (46 names), the smallest is granules, concentrates for preparation of solutions for infusions and liquid dosage forms (suspension oral, solution peroral) which are presented by three names of drugs.</p><p>Thus, the Ukrainian market of drugs for treatment of liver and bile passages diseases is characterized by the wide range and is presented by 7 groups II of level of ATC-classification which drugs are delivered from 60 producers from 19 countries and are almost evenly provided by the Ukrainian and foreign enterprises. The structural analysis of subgroups testifies to dominance of dosage forms and number of drugs names in the combined drugs segments.</p>

The activities of endothelial elastase and cathepsin G in rats at oxidative stress caused by heavy metals salts

CoCl2 introduction increased cathepsin G activity in the heart and liver as well as endothelial elastase (EEl) in kidney that indicated the development of destructive processes. CoCl2 introduction decreased EEl and cathepsin G activities in blood serum and cathepsin G in lungs. HgCl2 injection decreased EEl in blood serum, heart, liver, kidney and cathepsin G in blood serum. These decreasing of proteinases activities may be caused by cytotoxic effects of heavy metals and/or the inclusion of these proteases in the destructive processes and absence of their synthesis and/or release.

Anatomic and Functional Characteristics of Muscles at Transosseous Distraction Osteosynthesis (clinics, experiment - facts, hypothesis)

Analysis of clinical and experimental data related to biomechanical, functional and morpholo­gical changes of skeletal muscles in surgical crus lengthening by transosseous distraction osteo­synthesis was presented. It was electrophysiological proved that muscle activity decreased starting from the first days of lengthening while muscle tonus significantly increased. Sonography showed that muscle bands reoriented parallel to distraction forces. In fixation period local thickening of muscle bands was detected. After device removal muscle structure and muscle conractivity of the lengthened segment restored. Morphological studies showed that during dis­traction the volumetrical density of connective tissue in muscles increased and simultaneously destruction and reparative regeneration of muscle fibers were noticed. It was shown that after single-step compression of bone regenerate, stroma-parenchyma relationship was shifted to parenchyma. Active training of muscles was stipulated because inner tension of the muscles prevented the development of destructive processes, stimulated regeneration of muscles fibers. All those processes made up the base for functional rehabilitation of loco-motor system both in patients with orthopaedic pathology and in healthy subjects at surgical increasing of height with cosmetic purpose.

Preventing the development of destructive processes during the construction and use of gas pipelines on permafrost

Preventing the development of destructive processes during the construction and use of gas pipelines on permafrost

Use of a mathematical model for interpreting data of on-site observations of the arch dam at the Inguri hydroelectric station

1. The mathematical model is an effective tool for analyzing and interpreting the data of on-site observations. For such unique dams as the Inguri, it is expedient to develop a model at the design stage and to maintain it in a working state. 2. A satisfactory agreement of the “prototype” and calculated stresses (mainly in the zones of contact with the foundation and near the downstream face) is possible only in calculations taking into account the curvilinear distribution of stretches throughout the thickness of the dam. 3. A correct comparison of the prototype and calculated movements required of the calculation a sufficiently complete consideration of the effect of seepage, primarily uplifting, forces in the rock mass of the foundation. 4. In view of the considerable effect on the SSS of a dam, the staged character of construction should be taken into account in all estimates of the strength of the structure. Substantial deviations from the calculated scheme of construction during construction should be substantiated by calculating the structure with consideration of the new scheme of construction. 5. Investigations on the mathematical model played an important role in establishing the physical nature of anomalous phenomena in the left-bank abutment of the plug part of the Inguri dam, having revealed their relation to the presence of a zone of alternating stress. Further investigations on the model are related to consideration of inelastic deformations for predicting the development of destructive processes and evaluating the degree of their danger for the life of the dam.

Effects of polychlorocamphene on some organs and their nervous structures in pregnant animals

Experiments on pregnant albino rats showed that after daily oral administration of polychlorocamphene (an organochlorine compound widely used in agriculture) in a dose of 12 mg/kg (0.05 LD50) interconnected structural and enzymic changes take place in the nervous structures of the organs studied. The changes consisted of focal injury to nervous structures of the cerebral cortex, and progressive development of destructive processes in the nervous structures of the heart, uterus, and spinal cord toward the end of pregnancy. Against the background of a fall in cholinesterase (CE) activity in the cytoplasm of the neurons, distinctive changes occurred in the enzyme spectrum with preservation of activity in CE-positive pericellular structures, the number of which was considerably smaller than in the control. Predominance of destructive processes toward the end of pregnancy was due to marked accumulation of the compound in the heart, uterus, and brain, as shown by thin-layer chromatography. The presence of polychlorocamphene in the fetal organs indicates a disturbance of permeability of the transplacental barrier and a possible effect of the compound on the development of the fetal nervous system.