Development Of Dental Tissues Research Articles

Microspatial distribution of trace elements in feline dental hard tissues: early life exposure to essential and toxic elements.

Trace elements play a key role in dental tissue development, as dental hard tissues accumulate both essential and toxic trace elements during mineralization. Characterization of the spatial accumulation pattern of trace elements may provide insight into exposure to toxic elements over time and to the nature of disease processes affecting the hard dental tissues. Here, we present the first report of the use of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to map the microspatial distribution of multiple trace elements, essential and toxic, across feline dental hard tissues. Eleven teeth were extracted from 8 cats. Nine teeth were from 7 cats diagnosed with idiopathic tooth resorption on intraoral radiographs prior to extraction. Two teeth were included from a cadaver that had no signs of tooth resorption on intraoral radiographs. The normal dental tissue was analyzed from each sample using LA-ICP-MS to map the microspatial distribution of essential and toxic trace elements across feline enamel, dentin, and cementum. Results showed a higher accumulation of barium and strontium in coronal dentin as compared to root dentin. The timing of the accumulation mirrors nursing timelines seen in teeth from human and non-human primates, consistent with barium and strontium being sourced from maternal milk. Results also showed a higher uptake of lead in the coronal dentin, suggesting this lead exposure was likely passed from mother to offspring. This work characterizes a baseline for elemental distribution in feline teeth linked to early life exposure to toxic elements such as lead and provides a framework for future studies investigating long-term environmental exposures to trace elements, essential and toxic, and their involvement in feline systemic and dental diseases.

Evaluation of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Tooth Development, Tooth Eruption and Dental Caries Formation in Childhood: A Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of different body mass index status on dental caries, tooth development, and tooth eruption regarding the development of dental tissues and dental health problems. Materials & Methods: One-hundred-seventy-six children, aged between 3-12 years old, were included in the study and distributed into 4 groups (n:44) according to their body mass index as underweight, healthy, overweight, and obesity. Data on tooth development, tooth eruption, and dental caries were recorded by using modified Demirjian, Carvalho, and decayed-missing-filled-tooth (DMFT), respectively. According to the obtained data, p<0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: According to the results, DMFT was significantly higher in children with underweight than overweight and obesity whereas, whereas earlier tooth eruption was seen in children with healthy and obesity than underweight (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of DMFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries was higher in children with malnourishment while tooth eruption was earlier in children with obesity. Therefore, general practitioners or pediatricians should be aware of the oral effects of obesity or malnutrition and consult a pediatric dentist.

DNA methylation in childhood dental caries and hypomineralization

Objectives: Epigenetic modulation of gene expression may be important in dental conditions, including dental caries and enamel hypomineralisation. The aims of this study were to assess associations between DNA methylation in cord blood leucocytes at birth, and caries experience and enamel hypomineralisation at six years of age.Method: The study sample was from a birth cohort study of twins. Dental examinations at six years identified the presence/absence of (i) ‘any caries’ (untreated and treated caries), (ii) ‘advanced caries’ (untreated, advanced caries and/or past treatment) and (iii) hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM). Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation was performed on cord blood of 27 twin pairs (14 dizygotic and 13 monozygotic) using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Differentially methylated CpGs (DMCpGs) and regions (DMRs) associated with each dental outcome were investigated, while accounting for the relatedness of twins. Results with a false discovery rate <0.05 were treated as statistically significant.Results: 19 children had ‘any caries’, 15 had ‘advanced’ caries, and 18 had HSPM. No DMCpGs were associated with ‘any caries’, 16 and 19 DMCpGs were associated with ‘advanced caries’ and HSPM, respectively. DMRs were identified in association with all three outcomes. Genes implicated by these analyses included PBX1, ACAT2, LTBP3 and DDR1 which have been linked with dental tissue development in genetic studies.Conclusion: This exploratory study identified differential methylation in several genes at birth associated with dental caries and HSPM at six years. Further research may provide valuable insights into aetiology of dental disease and/or reveal novel molecular-based approaches for early risk stratification.Clinical Significance: Epigenetic differences at birth are likely to be associated with dental health at six years and may be valuable biomarkers of early influences on dental health.

Diente fusionado por concrescencia en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso

Las anomalías dentales se definen como malformaciones congénitas por falta o aumento en el desarrollo de los tejidos dentarios, clasificadas según forma, número, tamaño y posición. La concrescencia es un término utilizado para referirse a un tipo de fusión que ocurre después de que la corona está completamente formada y los dientes se unen solo por el cemento. En el presente artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 14 años que concurre al servicio de odontología del “Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Presidente Perón de Avellaneda”, con una fusión dentaria por concrescencia de los dientes 47 y 48. En este caso ante la inclusión del diente 47 y su fusión con el diente 48, se decidió la remoción quirúrgica teniendo en cuenta las patologías asociadas a un diente retenido y las molestias ocasionadas en el paciente.

Tooth Bioengineering and Regenerative Dentistry

Over the past 100 y, tremendous progress has been made in the fields of dental tissue engineering and regenerative dental medicine, collectively known as translational dentistry. Translational dentistry has benefited from the more mature field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), established on the belief that biocompatible scaffolds, cells, and growth factors could be used to create functional, living replacement tissues and organs. TERM, created and pioneered by an interdisciplinary group of clinicians, biomedical engineers, and basic research scientists, works to create bioengineered replacement tissues that provide at least enough function for patients to survive until donor organs are available and, at best, fully functional replacement organs. Ultimately, the goal of both TERM and regenerative dentistry is to bring new and more effective therapies to the clinic to treat those in need. Very recently, the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research invested $24 million over a 3-y period to create dental oral and craniofacial translational resource centers to facilitate the development of more effective therapies to treat edentulism and other dental-related diseases over the next decade. This exciting era in regenerative dentistry, particularly for whole-tooth tissue engineering, builds on many key successes over the past 100 y that have contributed toward our current knowledge and understanding of signaling pathways directing natural tooth and dental tissue development—the foundation for current strategies to engineer functional, living replacement dental tissues and whole teeth. Here we use a historical perspective to present key findings and pivotal advances made in the field of translational dentistry over the past 100 y. We will first describe how this process has evolved over the past 100 y and then hypothesize on what to expect over the next century.

The effect of a single injection of irinotecan on the development of enamel in the Wistar rats

Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death in children. Because the prognosis for childhood malignancies has improved, attention has now focused on long‐term consequences of cancer treatment. The immediate effects of chemotherapy on soft tissues have been well described; however, there is less information about long‐term effects of chemotherapy on the development of dental tissues. To test the association between the effect of chemotherapy on enamel development, we examined two groups of rats: one that had received an intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg of irinotecan, whereas the other (control) group had received vehicle only. Rats were killed at 6, 48 and 96 hr post‐injection; the mandibles dissected out, fixed for histological evaluation and scanned for mineralization defects by Micro‐CT. Our results showed structural changes in the ameloblast layer along with a significant reduction in mineralization and thickness of enamel at 96 hr after chemotherapy. These data demonstrate that irinotecan induces structural changes in forming enamel that become apparent after anticancer chemotherapy treatment.

Molecular mechanisms in dental follicle precursor cells during the osteogenic differentiation.

The discovery of dental stem cells received extensive attention because of its significance for the development of novel cellular therapies in dentistry. However, dental stem cells are also excellent for studies about cellular processes during dental tissue development or regeneration. Multipotent undifferentiated cells in the dental follicle (DFCs) are one example of dental stem cells. These cells have been used on studies about cellular processes during the differentiation into alveolar osteoblasts and cementoblasts. This review article summarizes current knowledge about the influence of signaling pathways, transcription factors and extracellular matrix proteins on the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs.

Prospective Technologies in Dental Tissues Regeneration

Interest in applications for dental tissues regeneration continues to increas as clinically relevant methods alternative to traditional treatments. Dental tissues engineering is an opportunity that dentistry cannot afford to miss. Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development, adult stem cell biology, and regeneration will provide fundamental knowledge for that. We are now starting to understand at the level of genes and molecules how the development of dental tissues is regulated. For instance, specific signal molecules have been identified which regulate the development of teeth and bones from progenitor cells. This information is already being used for the generation of dentoalveolar tissues

Bases teóricas y aplicación clínica de las proteínas morfogenéticas óseas en cirugía maxilofacial

One of the fundamental advances in bone neoformation has been the identification of important growth factors like the bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate live cartilage and bone differentiation. The cleansing, genetic cloning and expression of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have laid the basis for cellular and molecular analysis of bone development and regeneration. The genetic study of the BMPs indicates that they are essential to the normal development and function of animals. BMP post-natal bone development is also very important in embryonic organic, skeletal, craniofacial and dental tissue development. The availability of BMPs provides several challenges and opportunities to improve insights into the mechanisms that regulate the regeneration of bone for optimal outcome in the patient.

Somatic stem cells for regenerative dentistry

Complex human tissues harbour stem cells and/or precursor cells, which are responsible for tissue development or repair. Recently, dental tissues such as periodontal ligament (PDL), dental papilla or dental follicle have been identified as easily accessible sources of undifferentiated cells. The dental stem cell biology might provide meaningful insights into the development of dental tissues and cellular differentiation processes. Dental stem cells could also be feasible tools for dental tissue engineering. Constructing complex structures like a periodontium, which provides the functional connection between a tooth or an implant and the surrounding jaw, could effectively improve modern dentistry. Dental precursor cells are attractive for novel approaches to treat diseases like periodontitis, dental caries or to improve dental pulp healing and the regeneration of craniofacial bone and teeth. These cells are easily accessible and, in contrast to bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are more closely related to dental tissues. This review gives a short overview of stem cells of dental origin.