Development Of Democracy In Indonesia Research Articles

Politik Primordial dan Politik Identitas dalam Perkembangan Demokrasi dan Politik Lokal Di Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the Muslim countries in the world that is able to gradually implement democracy in its political system. In the 25 years after the reform, Indonesia has tried various schemes to be able to carry out democratization so that it can be accepted by the Indonesian people themselves and even aims to get a positive international image. In the dynamics that occur, the development of political democracy in Indonesia gives rise to a social and political dynamics known as primordial politics and identity politics. These two approaches become true when we look at the conditions and dynamics of politics and democracy that occur in Indonesia. Moreover, the position of the regions has a significant role in contributing to the development of democracy and politics at the center. The region is an interesting area to discuss considering that the region is part of the political administration which has a strong influence on the center. This happened during the Indonesian reformation that occurred in 1998. Where the centralized concept became decentralized with the emergence of regional autonomy. In other words, the region has full power and authority to determine its political and economic direction. Of course, under other conditions it would be better. But on the other hand there are sociological consequences that must be accepted after the reform. The development of democracy in Indonesia actually produces primordial politics and identity politics, which are difficult to avoid. So it could be that Indonesia itself is aware that these two approaches are indeed taking place and cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand that primordial politics and identity politics today are a social reality and fact that occur in the dynamics of politics and democracy in Indonesia.

The Urgency of Implementing an Appropriate Legislative Election System in Democracy Development in Indonesia

The Urgency of Implementing the Legislative General Election System Open and closed proportional election systems (elections) are two legislative election systems that differ in the way votes are counted and the allocation of seats in parliament. The two systems shocked the public because of plans to re-implement a closed proportional election system, which was marked by a lawsuit for judicial review of the Election Law to the Constitutional Court (MK) with case number 114/PUU-XX/2022. In this research, a normative research method was used with a comparative approach to the two systems based on several criteria, including effectiveness in representing various political interests, political stability, and people's participation in politics. The purpose of this study is to identify and examine the proper application of the legislative election system in the development of democracy in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that an open proportional electoral system in the election of candidates for legislative members tends to be more appropriate in the development of democracy in Indonesia and is more effective in representing diverse political interests and strengthening political parties as political institutions. With this system, the development of democracy in Indonesia will be even better with well-run elections that uphold people's sovereignty.

POLITICAL BUZZERS FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPACT ON INDONESIAN DEMOCRACY

This research aims to stabilize conductivity in society so that this study will look at the impact of political buzzers on the development of ongoing democracy in Indonesia from the Islamic law perspective. In addition, this research not only explores political buzzers' problems clearly but also seeks to provide critical and reflective notes on previous studies. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of research used is virtual ethnography because this study examines the phenomenon of society with virtual-based new media through the literature analysis method as a data collection technique by applying a critical paradigm which is analyzed with the analytical-descriptive pattern. Then the results of this study state that the phenomenon of the political buzzer is considered to have created a hegemony that the way of doing politics with the mechanism of attacking each other or provoking is the right way of politics. Therefore, the behaviour carried out by political buzzers has violated the provisions of Islamic law. In addition, the political buzzer also destroys the political ideology of future generations and the development of democracy in Indonesia.

PERAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI PENGAWAL DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA

The role of the Constitutional Court (MK) as the guardian of democracy can be seen from its decisions related to judicial review and dispute resolution on election results. Problems: (1) What is the role of the Constitutional Court in guarding democracy in Indonesia so far? (2). How to increase the role of the Constitutional Court as the guardian of democracy in Indonesia? This writing uses a normative juridical method. The results of the study, the role of the Constitutional Court as the guardian of democracy: (1) the indicators are judicial review decisions that contribute to the development of democracy in Indonesia, such as Decision: No. 011-017/PUU-I/2003; No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006; No. 013-022/PUU-IV/2006; No. 6/PUU-V/2007 and others. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court's Decision regarding the resolution of disputes over the phenomenal election results is Decision No. 41/PHPU.D-VI/2008 which applies the concept of systematic, structured and massive election violations. However, there is also a conservative Constitutional Court Decision in Decision No. 51-52-59/PUUVI/2008 and Decision No. 53/PUU-XV/2017 where the Constitutional Court rejected the request to cancel the presidential threshold. (2) to increase its role, the Constitutional Court must develop a consistent pattern of decision-making to realize constitutional justice and not only rely on formal legality.

PROBLEMATIKA DAN TANTANGAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PROSES PEMILU DAN PEMILIHAN TAHUN 2024

The General Elections held in 2024 represent the rapid development of democracy in Indonesia. Simultaneity in the same year, combined with uctuations in the community's economy, social, and cultural life, has the potential to give rise to numerous disputes over the election process, which is more varied. As a result, it is necessary to map out the issues and challenges of dispute resolution in the 2024 General Election and Election Process, as well as strategies for resolving them. Despite regulatory discord, the quantity and quality of resources in the ranks of election supervisors, and the fulllment of facilities and infrastructure in resolving disputes in the election/election process, there are still obstacles in practice. As a result, in preparation for the 2024 General Election, an internal strategy in the form of regulatory harmonization, increasing the number and quality of election supervisors, and completing facilities and infrastructure for handling disputes at the General Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) is required. as well as external strategies to maximize the function of socializing regulations and build understanding among stakeholders to improve the quality of Indonesian democracy.

EFEKTIVITAS DAN PERANAN PARTISIPASI PUBLIK DALAM PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN DUGAAN PELANGGARAN PEMILU DAN PEMILIHAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PEMILU DAN PEMILIHAN YANG DEMOKRATIS

Participatory supervision is a means given to the community for providing direct control over the implementation of elections to realize democratic elections. The effectiveness of the participatory supervision must be measured by certain parameters, one of which is the submission to Bawaslu of reports of alleged election and violation. However, it is necessary to study further the extent to which the effectiveness of participatory supervision can realize democratic elections, particularly in terms of reporting alleged violations to Bawaslu. This paper uses a qualitative research methods by identifying and conducting an understanding of the literature to see the benchmarks for the effectiveness of participatory supervision. The effect of participatory monitoring on the realization of democratic elections has a considerable impact on the development of democracy in Indonesia, due to an increase in public participation during the previous election period, especially in terms of submitting information and reports of election violations. The effect of participatory supervision has also increased public awareness and concern for democratic, integrity, and dignified elections.

Bad Organizers Make Difficulty of Indonesia's Democracy in 2024 National Simultaneous Election

Election organizers in Indonesia are often seen as obstacles to the growth of democracy. The presence of election administrators has become a serious problem in the development of democracy in Indonesia. In fact, very high hopes are given to the election organizers as a pillar that will determine the growth of Indonesian democracy. The reason is simple: Indonesian democracy has failed in the past, partly because of the role of the election organizers. The New Order became an opaque record for Indonesian democracy when election administrators became an inseparable part of the authoritarian regime. Even in the early days of reform, the election organizers could not be proud of their work and even became one of the sources of the problem itself. So it is not surprising that the election organizers, namely the Komisi Pemilihan Umum - KPU (General Elections Commission), were asked to supervise their work by establishing the Badan Pengawas Pemilu - Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Body) in 2008. The results achieved did not make the democratization process through general elections better. The poor technical work of election administrators means that election administrators cannot be allowed to work maturely and maturely, but special courts must be prepared for their bad work. The birth of the election ethics body, namely the Dewan Kehormatan Penyelengggara Pemilu - DKPP (The Honorary Council of Election Organizers), shows that the election organizers, namely the KPU and Bawaslu, are doing quite badly in building the electoral process. The big concern is the difficulty of holding a dignified general election in the 2024 national simultaneous elections.

Difficulty of Indonesia's Democracy in 2024 National Simultaneous Election

Election organizers in Indonesia are often seen as obstacles to the growth of democracy. The presence of election administrators has become a serious problem in the development of democracy in Indonesia. In fact, very high hopes are given to the election organizers as a pillar that will determine the growth of Indonesian democracy. The reason is simple: Indonesian democracy has failed in the past, partly because of the role of the election organizers. The New Order became an opaque record for Indonesian democracy when election administrators became an inseparable part of the authoritarian regime. Even in the early days of reform, the election organizers could not be proud of their work and even became one of the sources of the problem itself. So it is not surprising that the election organizers, namely the Komisi Pemilihan Umum - KPU (General Elections Commission), were asked to supervise their work by establishing the Badan Pengawas Pemilu - Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Body) in 2008. The results achieved did not make the democratization process through general elections better. The poor technical work of election administrators means that election administrators cannot be allowed to work maturely and maturely, but special courts must be prepared for their bad work. The birth of the election ethics body, namely the Dewan Kehormatan Penyelengggara Pemilu - DKPP (The Honorary Council of Election Organizers), shows that the election organizers, namely the KPU and Bawaslu, are doing quite badly in building the electoral process. The big concern is the difficulty of holding a dignified general election in the 2024 national simultaneous elections.

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN THE 2019 SIMULTANEOUS GENERAL ELECTION

Mass media plays an important role in the development of democracy in Indonesia. Mass media in addition to being an institution that provides information, but also acts as an institution that provides education to the community. The method used in this paper is normative juridical legal research. Mass media in elections have a fairly important role, because mass media can provide information to the public. And it can also make it easier for candidates to be elected during the 2019 simultaneous elections by going through campaigns, political ads in the media, or can interact through the media. Media can also be easier to provide access for those who need information.However, the role that can be carried out by the media in elections, but the concern is that the media must be returned to its function as a pillar of democracy and education. Keyword: Mass Media, General, Election.

SKCK AS AN EARLY WARNING EFFORTS OF YOUTH VIOLENCE ON FEELING

A series of ratification of laws in Indonesia from 2019 to 2020 prove that legislative work has increased rapidly, especially since there are still many laws that are still in the deliberation stage. On the other hand, the ratification has received rejection from several groups, although the objections in the form of demonstrations are protected by law and guaranteed by law, it is uncommon for demonstrations to end in anarchist actions that harm the state, society, and social environment. What is worrying is that the anarchist actions involve teenagers who are included in the underage category. According to Law No. 9 of 1998 on the freedom to express opinions in public, it does provide freedom for Indonesian citizens to express their views. However, it is unfortunate that the demonstrations that are followed by teenagers, on this matter from vocational and high school students, usually take place in a riot, even though most of them also do not notice what things they aspire from the beginning. The theories used in this journal are mass mobilization theory, freedom of speech theory, and juvenile delinquency theory. The methodology used is qualitative by processing data from primary and secondary sources. A demonstration that took place in the ribs would be a bad pretend for the development of democracy in Indonesia. Consequently, to minimize unrest with the demonstrators, the National Police tried the option to tighten the provision of SKCK(police certificate of good conduct) for rioters in demonstrations, this was aimed at being a preventative medium for students so that want to control their behavior.

Ruang publik dan media sosial: partisipasi politik mahasiswa indonesia

The public sphere has not been effective and is considered lacking a significant benefit to the development of democracy in Indonesia. The assumption of Habermas (1987) in the theory of communicative action is to consider public sphere that have political influence. Social media as a public sphere through communicative action theory Habermas believes that students are free to communicate with each other. Therefore, there is a need for studies to study which social media is needed to increase student political participation. By using a mixed method, namely discussing quantitative and qualitative to find out the use of social media as a public space through more contemporary political communication. The results show that social media has proven to be effective as a public sphere for students and has become the most important part for the interaction, discussion and political aspirations of students in a country that supports democracy. This can be clearly seen that social media has contributed massively and significantly to the development of universal public sphere, accessible to students without sphere and time limits. The reason is that students can hardly access information and challenge their political aspirations. The more open public sphere for students through social media can increase student political participation through dialogic dialogue and this is a good step for the realization of deliberative democracy in Indonesia. Keywords: Social Media; Public Sphere; Communicative Action

Reproliferation of Islamist Movement in Surakarta: Trajectory and Strategy in The Post Democratization Indonesia

Islamist movement has been proliferating in line with the historical trajectory of Indonesia's political journey; starting from the colonial regime, in the beginning of independence, New Order regime and today’s Era Reformasi. The process of Democratization and modernization lead the ideology of Islamism to a new phase of religious movement. Along with the growth of democracy in Indonesia, Islamist movement precisely shows its existence intensely in public sphere. The opening canals of freedom in the Reformation Era became a new space for ideology of Islamism to evolve and adapt some strategies to survive amidst the onslaught democratization in Indonesia. This article aims at looking to what extent the proliferation of Islamist movements after the collapse of Soeharto’s authoritarian regime in Indonesia. In this case, Surakarta becomes important to observe because it’s historical context as an embryo in giving birth to earlier Islamist movements, as well as a city famous for the proliferation of ideology of Islamism in Indonesia. Using political sociology approach, this study attempts to understand the path of proliferation of Islamist movements and its various interplayed strategies to the socio-political conditions that occur; either on a global or local scale. This article argues that the development of democracy in Indonesia continues to alter the route map of the Islamist movement. Finally, the results of this study reveal that the proliferation of the current Islamist movement plays a new strategy that appropriated with the development of democracy and technological advancements to gain more public sphere by Indonesian people.

WACANA POLITIK PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERKEMBANGAN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA

The political education discourse in the development of democracy in Indonesia has influenced the progress of the education system. This is inseparable from the long process of history with various educational political products that have been produced that contribute to the progress of the nation's education. The political education discourse in Indonesia is still proceeding in producing an ideal democratic system. In political discourse, education is still used as one of the main issues in raising public confidence in the leaders, starting from colonialism, a new era, reformation to the present. Thus, the politics of education is one important thing in realizing a positive symbol of democracy in Indonesia.

Religion in a Democratic and Pluralistic Society (The Experience of Indonesia)

Abstract In order that religions in a multicultural modern democratic society like Indonesia do not become a source of conflict, the adherents of religions must develop a certain rationality of faith. That rationality is related to the attitude towards other religions and beliefs, to the autonomy of science, and to the procedures inherent in the democratic system. Hopefully, religious communities can develop a positive attitude towards those three things, without denying their religious identity. The learning process associated with them cannot be imposed from outside, but must be born of the dynamics within the community of the faith/ religious community itself. If the learning process is successfully pursued, the adherents of the religions can give an important contribution to the development of democracy in Indonesia.

Local Election and Reinforcement Democracy in the Indonesian State System

The direct election of Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head directly and democratically by the people is a political process of the Indonesian nation towards a more democratic, transparent, accountable and responsible political life and administration. Therefore, in order to ensure the implementation of election of Regional Heads and Regional Representatives at a time of quality and meet the degree of healthy competition, the requirements and procedures for election of Regional Head shall be stipulated in separate laws and regulations. In general it is said that the direct election of the regional head is more democratic. There are at least two reasons why the idea of direct election is considered necessary: First; to open the door for the appearance of the head of the region in accordance with the will of the majority of the people themselves. Second; to maintain government stability so as not to be easily dropped in the middle of the road. Practice during the regime of Law Number 22 Year 1999 regarding Regional Government, indicates that the election through DPRD mechanism is often opposed even not in accordance with the will of the majority of people in the region. In this connection, there are several reasons why the direct Election of Regional Head (Local Election) is important for the development of democracy in Indonesia are: First; direct regional head elections allow for the strengthening of democracy at the local level, in particular the development of political legitimacy. This is based on the assumption that the elected Head of Region has a strong mandate and legitimacy, because it has the support of the people's voice directly reflecting the configuration of political forces and the interests of the constituents of voters. This legitimacy is very important for the governing government. Second; Direct Regional Head Election is expected to be able to build and realize local accountability and strengthening of democratic values in Indonesian state administration system.

Islamic Clicktivism: Internet, Democracy and Contemporary Islamist Activism in Surakarta

Since the collapse of the New Order regime, social development has led Indonesia to become a more democratic and modern than any other Muslim majority countries. The development of democracy in Indonesia has also seen the proliferation of modern Islamist activism online. This form of cyber activism, named here as Islamic “clicktivism,” has a discursive function. This paper examines how the proliferation of a cyber Islamist movement can be related to ongoing democratization in Indonesia. It was found that Islamic clicktivism has emerged in the process of democratization, modernization and globalization. Clicktivism encourages members of Islamist groups to adopt the principles and logic of the pillars of democracy, and to perpetuate their struggle and promote their existence during the development of democracy in Indonesia. Through their clicktivism, they bring the discursive voices of Islamism democratically to national issues in the common interest of Indonesians.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v24i3.4859

The effect of the party’s image relationship to voters’ satisfaction and voters’ loyalty

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between leadership and the party’s image and voters’ satisfaction and voters’ loyalty in the regional election of the North Konawe District, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe study design is quantitative methods (Creswell, 2010). It is an explanatory research, investigating the relationship between variables (Kothari, 2004). The study population was the voters who participated in the 2015 regional head election of North Konawe. The population in this study was 37,429 people spread over 12 districts and 135 villages, and the sample size of this study was 276 respondents, based on sample size formulation in (Bungin, 2008). The method used to analyze the data in this study is generalized structured component analysis (GSCA), which investigate comprehensively the inner model (hypothesis testing for the structural model) and the outer model (measurement model for unobservable variables). The Sobel test (under the GSCA model) was used to test whether a particular variable mediates the relationship between endogenous variables and exogenous variables.FindingsThe party’s image influences voters’ satisfaction. The party’s image will not directly influence voters’ loyalty, but it will influence voters’ loyalty with the mediating effect of voters’ satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study that makes the social security program as one of the themes in the competition reinforces previous studies such as in the Philippines, Thailand, Mexico and Brazil (2012). Various jargons are often thrown around to gain votes and support from the poor. For example, the term “populist economy”, where free public health and education services are often declared in various political campaigns, both in the legislative member and regional head elections.Practical implicationsThe results of this research, i.e. the influence of the party’s image for electoral interests, would reinforce the results of previous studies. Sometimes the politicians use the poverty program, which is apparently neutral, but actually for the sake of political interests (Gallego, 2015). The results of this study show that the manipulation of government programs is often done to help the politicians in mobilizing the voters. However, in practices, the voters? satisfaction and loyalty are interpreted differently. The voters do not always sell their votes because of what they receive; it could be that the voters receive the assistance by considering it as a fortune or wage in return for helping the politicians. It was proved by the results of this study that the incumbent lost the election.Social implicationsUsing the party’s image in a political contest has created serious implications in the development of democracy in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has chosen democracy as a political route, is still highly vulnerable to clientelistic practices. Although procedurally Indonesia has paved the main democratic consolidation after the reform, ranging from the legislative election to the presidential election to the regional head election, the practice of money politics is still occurring widely. The problem of vote-buying is more difficult to solve because law enforcement mechanisms are not conducted properly. For example, only three days were given to prove the allegation of vote-buying. Of course, this short time makes it difficult to prove the practice of money politics at lower levels.Originality/valueThe originality of this research can be seen from the following explanation: based on the results of data processing, there are interesting things observed, with the party’s image as the exogenous variable, voters’ satisfaction as the intervening endogenous variable and voters’ loyalty as the pure endogenous variable. This means that more and more community empowerment will increase the desirability of a candidate. This is unique in itself, where with this result, it can be concluded that North Konawe communities are more affected by the nature of the aid empowerment, durable and sustainable/long-term rather than momentary relief (cash).

PARTAI POLITIK LOKAL DALAM TATA HUKUM INDONESIA

In the Indonesian legal system, local political parties introduced and allowed in Aceh province along with the enactment of Law No. 11 Year 2006 on Governing Aceh (UUPA). UUPA has set a lot of things related to local political parties, including the definition, formation, principles, objectives, and functions, rights and obligations, prohibitions, membership and sovereignty of members, financial sanctions, to the supervision of local political parties. Development of local political parties in Aceh province represents a new chapter in the development of democracy in Indonesia. Implementation of the UUPA associated with local political parties, the government has issued Government Regulation No. 20 Year 2007 on Local Political Parties in Aceh. In line with the Government of Aceh has prepared regulations related to local political parties, among them the Aceh Qanun No. 8 of 2007 on Financial Aid to Political Party and Local Political Parties and Aceh Qanun No. 3 of 2008 on political parties and the setting of local political parties in the regulation of central government and local government regulations indicate the existence of local political parties in the Indonesian legal system.

The Model of Public Relations Practices in Indonesia

Objective - This research aims to compare the government public relations with business public relations in Indonesia. The research proves the hypothesis that either government or business public relations in Indonesia have already applied symmetric model on their communication activities. Methodology/Technique - A national survey involves 160 practitioners of government and business public relations. The research reinforces Grunig and Hunt's model of public relations that business public relations tends practice two-way symmetrical communication. On the other hands, the research also differs with Grunig and Hunt's model that government public relations tend to apply public information model. Findings - It is concluded that both government and business public relations in Indonesia have implemented two-way communication models. The findings have confirmed that public relations practices have grown along with the development of democracy in Indonesia. Novelty - The research contributes to develop scientific knowledge in public relations study and practices. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Business Public Relations; Democracy; Government Public Relations; Indonesia; Public Relations Model; Symmetric Model; Transparency of Public Information. JEL Classification: H11, H83.

PENGHAPUSAN PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMULIHAN HAK-HAK KONSTITUTIONAL

The removal of the presidential threshold system, on the one hand, has made a positive impact on the development of democracy in Indonesia. It can restore the basic rights of the citizens in the constitution (remedy of constitutional rights) that had been hurt by the threshold. The advantages include the minor parties’ opportunity to propose their respective presidential candidates and also the prospect of having more diversed presidential candidates. The new system will allow the president to be at ease in carrying out the governmental duties due to the absence of the dominant parties’ intervention in the parliament. However, the weaknesses of the abolition of the presidential threshold should also be of concern because of the vulnerability of individual interests that may be obtained through the presidential nomination. In terms of the national security, there will be an expansion of conflict and criminal acts escalation attributed to the candidates' election. Further, for the efficiency itself, the electoral budget allocation will greatly increase (high cost election). This will nevertheless an issue because such excessive budget allocation may be better supplied to areas that can increase the people’s welfare. Therefore, this assumption needs to be investigated further with in-depth research on the efficiency of campaign funds.