Development Of Data Collection Tool Research Articles

"You might be nice, but where you take me, they're not gonna be": Preferences for field-based post-overdose interventions.

Emergency medical services (EMS) systems are piloting interventions to respond to overdoses with additional services such as leave-behind naloxone and medication for opioid use disorder, but little is known about the perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUD) on these interventions being delivered by EMS during an overdose response. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the development of data collection tools, the analytic strategy and the organisation of results. A community engaged method was used which included both academically trained researchers and community trained researchers who are also PWUD. This study used semi-structured interviews to gather data from 13 PWUD in King County, Washington in June 2022. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The people interviewed for this study viewed EMS distribution of leave-behind naloxone and field-based buprenorphine favourably. They viewed EMS facilitation of hepatitis C virus and HIV testing in the field less favourably and were concerned about stigmas associated with those results. Additional themes emerged regarding: the need for different approaches to post-overdose care; the need for new services, including post-overdose trauma counselling and an alternative destination to the emergency department; and the harms of law enforcement presence at overdose responses. This study found strong support for leave-behind naloxone and field-initiated buprenorphine. Further training for EMS should include trauma-informed care and strategies to address burnout and increase compassion. Alternatives to the emergency department as a post-overdose destination are needed. These strategies should be considered by jurisdictions revising overdose response protocols.

Co-production of health and social science research with vulnerable children and young people: A rapid review.

The term 'care-experienced' refers to anyone who is currently in care or has been in care at any stage in their life. A complex interplay of factors leads to care-experienced children and young people (CECYP) experiencing poorer oral health and access to dental care than their peers. A rapid review of the co-production of health and social care research with vulnerable children and young people (CYP) was carried out to inform the development of a co-produced research project exploring the oral health behaviours and access to dental services of CECYP. Here, 'co-production' refers to the involvement of CYP in the planning or conduct of research with explicit roles in which they generate ideas, evidence and research outputs. To learn how to meaningfully involve vulnerable CYP in the co-production of health and social science research. To identify: Different approaches to facilitating the engagement of vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research; different activities carried out in such approaches, challenges to engaging vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research and ways to overcome them and areas of best practice in relation to research co-production with vulnerable CYP. A rapid review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted in six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SocINDEX, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science) and grey literature to identify studies that engaged vulnerable CYP in co-approaches to health and social research. Of 1394 documents identified in the search, 40 were included and analysed. A number of different approaches to co-production were used in the studies. The CYP was involved in a range of activities, chiefly the development of data collection tools, data collection and dissemination. Individual challenges for CYP and researchers, practical and institutional factors and ethical considerations impacted the success of co-production. Co-production of health and social science with vulnerable CYP presents challenges to researchers and CYP calling for all to demonstrate reflexivity and awareness of biases, strengths and limitations. Used appropriately and well, co-production offers benefits to researchers and CYP and can contribute to research that reflects the needs of vulnerable CYP. Adherence to the key principles of inclusion, safeguarding, respect and well-being facilitates this approach. Members of our patient and public involvement and stakeholder groups contributed to the interpretation of the review findings. This manuscript was written together with a young care leaver, Skye Boswell, who is one of the authors. She contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, reviewing the findings and their interpretation.

Laying the Foundation for a Mesothelioma Patient Registry: Development of Data Collection Tools.

Mesothelioma, a cancer of mesothelial cells that line the chest, lungs, heart, and abdomen, is a relatively rare disease. In the United States, approximately 3000 individuals are diagnosed with mesothelioma annually. The primary risk factor for mesothelioma is occupational asbestos exposure which can occur decades prior to disease development, though in approximately 20% of cases, known asbestos exposure is lacking. While several other countries have developed mesothelioma registries to collect key clinical and exposure data elements to allow better estimation of incidence, prevalence, and risk factors associated with disease development, no national mesothelioma registry exists in the U.S. Therefore, as part of a larger feasibility study, a patient exposure questionnaire and a clinical data collection tool were created using a series of key informant interviews. Findings suggest that risk factor and clinical data collection via an on-line questionnaire is feasible, but specific concerns related to confidentiality, in the context of employer responsibility for exposure in the unique U.S. legal environment, and timing of enrollment must be addressed. Lessons learned from piloting these tools will inform the design and implementation of a mesothelioma registry of national scope.

Can patient-physician interview skills be implemented with peer simulated patients?

ABSTRACT Introduction Patient-physician interviewing skills are crucial in health service delivery. It is necessary for effective care and treatment that the physician initiates the interview with the patient, takes anamnesis, collects the required information, and ends the consultation. Different methods are used to improve patient-physician interview skills before encountering actual patients. In the absence of simulated patients, peer simulation is an alternative method for carrying out the training. This study aims to show whether patient-physician interview skills training can be implemented using peer simulation in the absence of the simulated patient. Methods This is a descriptive quantitative study. This research was conducted in six stages: identification of the research problem and determination of the research question, development of data collection tools, planning, acting, evaluation, and monitoring. The data were collected via the patient-physician interview videos of the students. The research team performed descriptive analysis on quantitative data and thematic analysis on qualitative data. Results Fifty students participated in the study. When performing peer-assisted simulation applications in the absence of simulated patients, the success rate in patient-physician interviews and peer-simulated patient roles was over 88%. Although the students were less satisfied with playing the peer-simulated patient role, the satisfaction towards the application was between 77.33% and 98%. Discussion and Conclusion In patient-physician interviews, the peer-simulated patient method is an effective learning approach. There may be difficulties finding suitable simulated patients, training them, budgeting to cover the costs, planning, organizing the interviews, and solving potential issues during interviews. Our study offers an affordable solution for students to earn patient-physician interview skills in faculties facing difficulties with providing simulated patients for training.

Key Learnings During the Development of a Generic Data Collection Tool to Support Assessment of Freedom of Infection in Cattle Herds.

Various European Member States have implemented control or eradication programmes for endemic infectious diseases in cattle. The design of these programmes varies between countries and therefore comparison of the outputs of different control programmes is complex. Although output-based methods to estimate the confidence of freedom resulting from these programmes are under development, as yet there is no practical modeling framework applicable to a variety of infectious diseases. Therefore, a data collection tool was developed to evaluate data availability and quality and to collect actual input data required for such a modeling framework. The aim of the current paper is to present the key learnings from the process of the development of this data collection tool. The data collection tool was developed by experts from two international projects: STOC free (Surveillance Tool for Outcome-based Comparison of FREEdom from infection, www.stocfree.eu) and SOUND control (Standardizing OUtput-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EU, www.sound-control.eu). Initially a data collection tool was developed for assessment of freedom of bovine viral diarrhea virus in six Western European countries. This tool was then further generalized to enable inclusion of data for other cattle diseases i.e., infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and Johne's disease. Subsequently, the tool was pilot-tested by a Western and Eastern European country, discussed with animal health experts from 32 different European countries and further developed for use throughout Europe. The developed online data collection tool includes a wide range of variables that could reasonably influence confidence of freedom, including those relating to cattle demographics, risk factors for introduction and characteristics of disease control programmes. Our results highlight the fact that data requirements for different cattle diseases can be generalized and easily included in a data collection tool. However, there are large differences in data availability and comparability across European countries, presenting challenges to the development of a standardized data collection tool and modeling framework. These key learnings are important for development of any generic data collection tool for animal disease control purposes. Further, the results can facilitate development of output-based modeling frameworks that aim to calculate confidence of freedom from disease.

The Development of Data Collection Tools to Measure Parent-Infant Closeness and Family-Centered Care in NICUs.

BackgroundPreterm and sick infants benefit from parent–infant closeness and family‐centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Prospective and feasible tools are needed to measure these care practices to facilitate their implementation.AimsTo describe the development process of three prospective data collection tools that measure parent–infant closeness and the quality of FCC.MethodsData collection tools were developed in an iterative process consisting of three development cycles. Feedback was gathered from parents, staff, and researchers. The first stages of development focused on the content validity, appropriate scaling, and optimization of the response rate of these tools.ResultsThe study included parents of 490 infants and the nurses working at bedside in 15 NICUs in six countries. The Parent‐Infant Closeness Diary was developed to measure the daily duration of parental presence, holding, and skin‐to‐skin contact. The optimal duration for daily diaries was 14 consecutive days to maintain a good response rate. Parents provided reliable documentation of parent–infant closeness. Digital FCC tools covering the nine aspects of FCC for parents and nurses were developed to measure the quality of FCC. Participants provided answers on a 7‐point Likert scale. Parents’ response rates remained >50% for approximately 1 month, and the nurses’ mean response rate was 55% (39%–87%) for the 3‐month study period.Linking Evidence to ActionThese new tools provide prospective daily information to aid the implementation of parent–infant closeness and the quality of FCC in NICU in different countries. They can be used to study and evaluate the implementation of these clinical practices NICUs in an international context.

Producing routine malaria data: an exploration of the micro-practices and processes shaping routine malaria data quality in frontline health facilities in Kenya

BackgroundRoutine health information systems can provide near real-time data for malaria programme management, monitoring and evaluation, and surveillance. There are widespread concerns about the quality of the malaria data generated through routine information systems in many low-income countries. However, there has been little careful examination of micro-level practices of data collection which are central to the production of routine malaria data.MethodsDrawing on fieldwork conducted in two malaria endemic sub-counties in Kenya, this study examined the processes and practices that shape routine malaria data generation at frontline health facilities. The study employed ethnographic methods—including observations, records review, and interviews—over 18-months in four frontline health facilities and two sub-county health records offices. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsMalaria data generation was influenced by a range of factors including human resource shortages, tool design, and stock-out of data collection tools. Most of the challenges encountered by health workers in routine malaria data generation had their roots in wider system issues and at the national level where the framing of indicators and development of data collection tools takes place. In response to these challenges, health workers adopted various coping mechanisms such as informal task shifting and use of improvised tools. While these initiatives sustained the data collection process, they also had considerable implications for the data recorded and led to discrepancies in data that were recorded in primary registers. These discrepancies were concealed in aggregated monthly reports that were subsequently entered into the District Health Information Software 2.ConclusionChallenges to routine malaria data generation at frontline health facilities are not malaria or health information systems specific; they reflect wider health system weaknesses. Any interventions seeking to improve routine malaria data generation must look beyond just malaria or health information system initiatives and include consideration of the broader contextual factors that shape malaria data generation.

Experiences from the field: maternal, reproductive and child health data collection in humanitarian and emergency situations.

BackgroundHumanitarian emergencies can disproportionately affect women of reproductive age, and children. Good data on reproductive maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) are vital to plan and deliver programmes to address RMNCH needs. There is currently a lack of information regarding the availability, use and applicability of data collection tools.MethodsKey informant interviews (KII) were conducted with participants with experience of data collection in humanitarian settings, identified from relevant publications. Data were analysed using the thematic framework approach.ResultsAll participants reported challenges, especially in the acute phase of an emergency and when there is insufficient security. Four common themes were identified: the importance of a mixed methods approach, language both with regard to development of data collection tools and data collection, the need to modify existing tools and build local capacity for data collection. Qualitative data collection was noted to be time consuming but considered to be important to understand the local context. Both those who have experienced trauma (including sexual violence) and data collectors require debriefing after documenting these experiences.ConclusionsThere were numerous challenges associated with data collection assessing the health status of, and services available, to women and children in humanitarian settings, and researchers should be well prepared.

Physical Activity Among South Asian Indian Immigrants: An Integrative Review

The aim of this research review was to portray the correlates of lifestyle physical activity (PA) behavior of healthy South Asian Indian (SAI) immigrants comprehensively by identifying, synthesizing, and critically analyzing the existing research literature. An integrative review methodology was used. The sample included 11 cross-sectional and 4 qualitative studies. The physical activity framework for SAI immigrants guided the development of data collection tools that included study measures of PA and background (current health, acculturation, discrimination, social support, environmental) and intrapersonal (motivation) correlates of PA. Regardless of the PA measure used, all studies reported low PA levels in at least 40% of the participants. The correlates of PA most often studied were sociodemographic variables, current health, and acculturation; female sex; poorer health; and less time since immigration. Few studies focused on social support, environmental factors, or included dynamic motivational factors. Increased knowledge of the factors that impact lifestyle PA is needed so that public health nurses can develop targeted interventions to increase the lifestyle PA of SAI immigrants at risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and central obesity.