Development Of Cyber-physical Production Systems Research Articles

Intelligent technologies in the development of cyber-physical production systems

The tasks, the solution of which plays the most significant role in the development of cyber-physical production systems, are identified. The influence of the features of the production of high-tech products on the choice of ways to solve these problems is shown. An approach to solving problems of monitoring, measurement, modeling and technological process control based on one of the directions of artificial intelligence - the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic is considered. Intelligent technologies for measuring and modeling technological process parameters are described. The model allows to predict the quality of the manufactured product based on the current state of the process, to solve questions about the expediency of adjusting operations, to choose adequate management. As a result, the efficiency of the cyber-physical production system is provided in changing conditions.

ЦИФРОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

Важливими довгостроковими трендами у сфері світової смарт-промисловості є прискорений розвиток кіберфізичних виробничих систем і роботизація виробництва. Виконаний аналіз показав, що Україна суттєво відстає в упровадженні цих технологій. Вона є однією з перших у світі за розвитком цифрових фінансових інструментів і однією з останніх – за розвитком кіберфізичного виробництва. Це означає, що в довгостроковій перспективі країна продовжить втрачати свої конкурентні позиції у світі. Одна з головних причин такого становища полягає в тому, що економічні правила гри в державі прив'язано до короткострокових політичних циклів, що заважає «довгим» інвестиціям та інноваційній діяльності.Потрібно розірвати ланцюжок негативних причинно-наслідкових зв'язків "застарілі технології – низькі доходи – подальший занепад" і негативного відбору "найбільш пристосованих" до умов «коротких» політичних циклів. Один з дієвих методів вирішення цієї проблеми, добре відомий із світової практики, – проведення проактивної національно орієнтованої промислової політики. Саме вона допомогла Південній Кореї, Китаю та деяким іншим державам здійснити перехід до прискореного індустріального розвитку на основі інновацій та впровадження кіберфізичних систем. Але це дуже непростий і примхливий метод, використання якого чревате провалами політики через недостатню поінформованість уряду, своєкорисливу поведінку чиновників, їх нездатність протистояти галузевим лобістам, інтересантам інших держав тощо.Проте в умовах початкового етапу промислової революції, який відкриває певне "вікно можливостей" для зацікавлених сторін, незважаючи на всі ці ризики, багато урядів не шкодують зусиль і грошей для просування новітніх виробничих смарт-технологій, оскільки від них залежить майбутнє національної безпеки і конкурентоспроможності. Приблизно в цьому напрямі потрібно рухатись і Україні, розмежовуючи «довгі» економічні інтереси держави і «короткі» інтереси політичної кон'юнктури.

A product-process-resource based formal modelling framework for customized manufacturing in cyber-physical production systems

ABSTRACT The development of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) as the core of intelligent manufacturing systems facilitates frequent changes in product variants and batches, dynamic configurations of processing resources and relevant parameters during customized manufacturing. Production prediction, scheduling, and optimization in such a complex system require a consolidated theoretical foundation. Formal techniques, as one of the critical enablers toward this end, can be used to detect and analyse malfunctions in a CPPS based on product information before starting production. However, the inconsistency of information terminology during the interaction between heterogeneous production system components may lead to semantics-level ambiguities during the formal modelling process. This paper proposes a formal modelling framework for CPPS based on mathematical definitions of the unified ‘Product-Process-Resource’ concept. A factory formal model language (FFML) is defined and applied to the modelling of a real-world production scenario. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed framework are verified by transforming constructed formal models to coloured Petri-nets for simulations. The verification results have a certain guiding significance to the layout design and scheduling strategy decisions of production lines.

RESEARCH OF DIKW AND 5C ARCHITECTURAL MODELS FOR CREATION OF CYBER-PHYSICAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

The development of cyber-physical production systems is a complex scientific and technical task, therefore the developer needs to determine the requirements, tasks for the system being developed and choose an architectural model for its implementation. In turn, the choice of an architectural model assumes a balance for the set of requirements of persons interested in its development. In a typical case, the development of a specific cyber-physical industrial systems needs to be adapted to the means of implementation, to the realities of its future use, maintenance and evolution. Subject matter of this study are architectural models for building complex cyber-physical production systems. Goal of this article is a study of architectural models DIKW and 5C, according to the results of the decomposition of which, in the future, it will be possible to carry out a mathematical description of elementary problems of each level and their physical or simulation modeling. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: analyze the DIKW model; analyze the architectural model 5C; compare the DIKW model and the 5C architectural model, using its structural decomposition into levels, information and command channels with feedback within each structure. The research carried out is based on the methods of decomposition and formalized representation of systems. Conclusions: Based on the results of the decomposition at each structural level of the DIKW and 5C models, a decomposition structure was developed, which shows the main differences and general similarities of the models. It was revealed that the 5C model, as a common software shell that combines integrated sensors and actuators, is more suitable for solving problems of developing a cyber-physical production system, and the DIKW interpretation model is more suitable for solving problems of modifying existing systems at enterprises, and the choice of the model itself the development of a cyber-physical production system depends on the requirements of the customer, existing equipment, the level of its automation and the level of project financing.

Development of a cyber design modeling declarative Language for cyber physical production systems

This paper considers the issues of software development automation for cyber-physical production systems within the framework of the Smart Manufacturing (SM) and Industry 4.0 concepts. The development of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) for each enterprise is an individual task that takes into account the specifics of the production process, the requirements for data visualization at each level from Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) to Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) in a single information space using different technologies for processing and storing data. To ensure all the requirements that are specified by the customer in the technical requirement (TR), the authors propose to automate the process of developing a cyber-physical production systems Human-Machine Interface (HMI) prototype at an early stage of drafting the terms of reference together with the customer, which will make it possible to take into account all the requirements for visualizations information. Based on the experience gained in the development of cyber-physical production systems, the authors have developed a declarative cyber-design modeling language based on parameters mathematical description of the and Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements events, which allows to simplify the process of HMI cyber-physical production systems development at an early stage by generating fragments of program code for object-oriented programming languages.

V-model based development of cyber-physical systems and cyber-physical production systems

Challenges of the development of mechatronic systems and corresponding production systems have increased steadily. Changes are primarily due to increased product complexity and the connection to the internet of things and services, enabling Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). Major innovations of the revised VDI guideline 2206 for developing mechatronic systems are systems thinking as a core element and six checkpoints for structuring deliverables along the V-Model. These checkpoints serve for orientation in result progress and thus enable a structured and complete development process. However, tasks and checkpoints of the new guideline focus on the product development itself without integrating the development of related CPPS, enabling optimization simultaneously to system development. Implications are derived by a three-step analysis. The paper at hand contributes fundamental extensions of the checkpoint questions regarding integrated CPPS development. These questions provide methodical support for system developers of CPPS for CPS by enabling the project manager to check the status, schedule further development steps and evaluate the maturity of the whole, integrated development.

Integrating human factors in the model based development of cyber-physical production systems

In order to optimize production processes and to avoid errors, it is not only necessary to automate processes, but also to integrate workers wit their individual personality and skill profiles. For this purpose, human factors should be considered in the entire design process. The integrate view of mental human models, the cognitive demand of the working environment and the automation design is essential. Human-Syste Integration (HSI) constitutes a promising approach. Current model-based approaches offer possibilities to analyze and optimize tasks within a overall system, but they still lack integration. This leads to the research question: How can human factors be integrated into a system model of socio-technical, Cyber-Physical Production System? The paper at hand contributes an approach of human factor integration into the procedu of Model-Based Systems Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). The approach combines a system model of a CPPS wi HSI concepts. In accordance to the benefits of MBSE, SysML is selected to integrate human factors in the development process of a CPPS. Th approach is divided into five steps, which include the extension of the SysML meta model. This allows the optimization of skill-based huma machine interaction. Defined HSI-Profiles enable system developers to integrate employee requirements at early stages within the developme process. The approach is demonstrated by the maintenance of a 3D-Printer as a case example. This research enables system developers to depi individual workers with the help of the developed concepts and systematically integrate them into the development process of a CPPS.

Engineer 4.0 in a metallurgical enterprise

Abstract Along with the growing dynamics of technological changes in production in the perspective of the development of 4.0 industry, there are changes in the structure of employment and professional qualifications of employees. The development of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) entails an increase in the demand for engineers. Industry 4.0 is a new megatrend in production. In the second decade of this century, the concept of Industry 4.0 gained importance thanks to the policy of the German government and gradually penetrated into other countries. Enterprises, in addition to traditional production organization, started realizing of cyberphysical production lines as well as smart factories. New production solutions based on IT and robotics technologies using IoT the need for new employee competencies. On the market there is still a growing demand for IT specialists, and there is a demand for engineers 4.0, that is employees with new technical competences, able to control and service CPPS.This publication attempts to present the scope of changes in employment and presents the profile of professional qualifications of engineer 4.0 in a metallurgical enterprise. The list of new skills for an engineer 4.0 employed in an metallurgical enterprise is presented in this article by authors.

Development of cyber-physical production systems based on modelling Technologies

Development of cyber-physical production systems based on modelling Technologies

Enterprise Architectures for the Digital Transformation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

The transformation towards smart connected factories causes enormous changes in mechanical engineering industry starting from the development of cyber-physical production systems up to their application in production. Enterprise architectures already offer suitable methods to support the alignment of the internal IT landscape. New demands like customer involvement, iterative development and increased business-orientation arising with these digitized products require new approaches and methods. This paper presents the foundation and the first steps aiming at the development of a method for the holistic planning of the digital transformation in small and medium-sized mechanical engineering enterprises.

A new method for autonomous control of complex job shops – Integrating order release, sequencing and capacity control to meet due dates

Due to the development of Cyber-Physical Production Systems, autonomous control of manufacturing processes is of increasing significance. Particularly, these manufacturing control approaches have considerable potential in job shop manufacturing. However, research in this field tends to focus on subtasks of manufacturing control without considering the interdependencies. This article presents the autonomous production control method (APC), which integrates all control tasks – order release, sequencing and capacity control – to meet due dates. The APC is benchmarked with established method combinations using event-discrete simulation. The results demonstrate the potential of our method to meet due dates and emphasise the method’s relevance for practical applications.

Future Trends in Human Work area Design for Cyber-Physical Production Systems

Currently, there is an ongoing transformation of classical products and machinery towards cyber-physical systems. Main features of these systems are the real-time data exchange between various technical and computational elements enabled by communication technologies and data processing ability provided by embedded systems. In the area of manufacturing, this trend boosts the development of cyber-physical production systems (CPPS). They enable the optimization of control processes, for example by autonomous decision-making, computational assistant systems for workers, or an extended human-machine collaboration.Subsequently, this increased computerization and automation provokes changes for human work in manufacturing. Following leading experts, the factories of the future will provide less easy and repetitive but more advanced and complex tasks. This trend changes the way how human factors or human-machine interaction influence the design of manufacturing systems. In order to achieve the promised productivity gains created by CPPS, these human-related topics have to be considered and included into the technical and organizational development of CPPS. As a starting point, a detailed view on remaining and newly added human tasks in CPPS is necessary.In this paper, we provide a listing of human task areas in existing and future CPPS. In this regard, we provide a trend estimation on the decline, rise, or further change of these tasks. The results can be used to facilitate the integration of human factors in the design of CPPS. We carry out our work by firstly deriving a standard listing of tasks for a generalized manufacturing system. Secondly, we combine the findings with expert judgments regarding CPPS trends and recent employment data from the German job market.