Course Of Development Research Articles

From Havoc in Heaven to Big Fish and Begonia: The Fusion of Tradition and Modernity in Chinese Animation

Chinese animation has experienced the evolution from tradition to modernity in its development course. As a classic animation work, "Havoc in Heaven" has laid the foundation of Chinese animation. Its rich cultural connotation and unique artistic style make it become a representative of national animation. And "Big Fish & Begonia" is a successful attempt of modern animation, reflecting the progress of contemporary animation production technology and narrative techniques. This paper will discuss how these two works integrate the expression form and narrative skills of modern animation under the framework of Chinese traditional culture, and show the balance between inheritance and innovation of Chinese animation.

Specificities of Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure in Women

Substantial evidence from previous clinical studies, randomized trials, and patient registries confirms the existence of significant differences in cardiac morphology, pathophysiology, prevalence of specific coronary artery disease (CAD), and clinical course of myocardial infarction (MI) between men and women. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of sex or gender on the development and clinical course of MI, the mechanisms and features of left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and heart failure (HF). The main sex-related difference in post-MI LV remodeling is adverse LV dilatation in males versus concentric LV remodeling or concentric LV hypertrophy in females. In addition, women have a higher incidence of microvascular dysfunction, which manifests as impaired coronary flow reserve, distal embolism, and a higher prevalence of the no-reflow phenomenon. Consequently, impaired myocardial perfusion after MI is more common in women than in men. Regardless of age or other comorbidities, the incidence of reinfarction, hospitalization for HF, and mortality is significantly higher in females. There is therefore a “sex paradox”: despite the lower prevalence of obstructive CAD and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), women have a higher mortality rate after MI. Different characteristics of the coronary network, such as plaque formation, microvascular dysfunction, and endothelial inflammation, as well as the prolonged time to optimal coronary flow restoration, secondary mitral regurgitation, and pulmonary vascular dysfunction, lead to a worse outcome in females. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for MI occurrence, LV remodeling, and HF in men and women would contribute to optimized patient therapy that would benefit both sexes.

Educators’ Perception of Artificial Intelligence as Instructional Tool

With artificial intelligence technologies disrupting status quo of many technologically advanced national economies, educators should face the challenge to harness their potentials without risks to learners. This exploratory mixed-method study aims to add to the growing volume of research that focuses on educators’ attitude towards AI, their views on its applicability in education and necessity to develop AI competences. The research involved 132 in-service and pre-service educators who completed a questionnaire; nine of the participants also took part in follow-up interviews. The results revealed that the majority of educators perceive AI as a promising and useful tool, albeit sometimes complex, risky and not very smart. Most educators report low level of competence and infrequent usage of AI but readiness to undergo training. The research findings speak for the urgent need to design and implement professional development and teacher training courses that debunk myths about AI and build practical skills for applying AI affordances in all levels of education.

Flexner's legacy and the future of medical education: Embracing challenge and opportunity.

This editorial comments on the article by Alzerwi. We focus on the development course, present challenges, and future perspectives of medical education. Modern medical education is gradually undergoing significant and profound changes worldwide. The emergence of new ideas, methodologies, and techniques has created opportunities for medical education developments and brought new concerns and challenges, ultimately promoting virtuous progress in medical education reform. The sustainable development of medical education needs joint efforts and support from governments, medical colleges, hospitals, researchers, administrators, and educators.

Survey for Activating Oncogenic Mutation Variants in Metazoan Germline Genes.

Most cancers present with mutations or amplifications in distinctive tumor promoter genes that activate principal cell-signaling cascades promoting cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, cell survival, and replicative immortality. Somatic mutations found in this these driver proto-oncogenes invariably result in constitutive activation of the encoded protein. A salient feature of the activating mutations observed throughout many thousands of clinical tumor specimens reveals these driver missense mutations are recurrent and restricted to just one or very few codons of the entire gene, suggesting they have been positively selected during the course of tumor development. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether these characteristic oncogenic driver mutations are observed in the germline genes of any metazoan species. Six well-known tumor promoter genes were chosen for this survey including BRAF, KRAS, JAK2, PIK3CA, EGFR, and IDH1/2. The sites of all driver mutations were found to occur in highly conserved regions of each gene comparing protein sequences throughout diverse phyla of metazoan species. None of the oncogenic missense mutations were found in germlines of any species of current genome and protein databases. Despite many tumors readily selecting these somatic mutations, the conclusion drawn from this study is that these variants are negatively rejected if encountered as a germline mutation. While cancer expansion ensues from dysregulated growth elicited by these mutations, this effect is likely detrimental to embryonic development and/or survival of multicellular organisms. Although all oncogenic mutations considered here are gain-of-function where five of the six increase activity of the encoded proteins, clonal advancement promotes tumor growth by these genomic changes without conferring selection advantages benefiting the organism or species.

Factors Influencing Students' Learning Preferences in College Piano Teaching and Countermeasures

In the course of higher education development, piano teaching plays a vital role in fostering students' basic musical literacy, guiding them to form good music learning habits, helping them establish a fundamental understanding of music knowledge, and thereby enhancing their music appreciation abilities. Due to the diversification of educational environments and the increasing personalization of student demands, in order to improve the quality of piano music teaching and stimulate students' potential, it is crucial to study students' learning preferences from various angles. This forms an important foundation for personalized teaching. Therefore, university piano teaching still needs continuous improvement in teaching strategies. Piano teaching should be adjusted according to course requirements, abandoning outdated piano education concepts and rigid methods, and analyzing from multiple dimensions to clarify the connection between students' learning preferences and the effectiveness of piano teaching. This helps students master piano playing techniques and strengthen their skills, equipping them with solid basics and advancing college piano education to new heights.

Modifiable risk factors for the development and severe course of diverticular disease: a review

Diverticulosis is a common condition of the bowel, particularly affecting the sigmoid colon with age-dependent increase in prevalence. While often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during colonoscopies or imaging, some patients experience symptoms like left lower abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits. When symptoms arise, it is termed diverticular disease (DD). Approximately 10% of diverticulosis cases progress to diverticulitis, which involves inflammation and can lead to complications like abscesses, perforation, or obstruction. In the U.S., acute diverticulitis accounts for 200,000 hospitalizations annually, costing about $2.2 billion in healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to review the current understanding of modifiable risk factors associated with the development and progression of diverticular disease

Examining the Impact of Integrated Obstetric Simulation Training on the Quality of Antenatal Care in Northern Ghana.

This study aims to assess if anintegrated simulation-based training on respectful maternity care (RMC) and management of obstetric and neonatal emergencies could improve the qualityof antenatal care (ANC). The data are from two cross-sectional surveys administered in the East Mamprusi District of Northern Ghana in 2017 to evaluate the impact of integrated simulation-based training for healthcare providers. Surveys were administered to two groups of women aged 15-49 who delivered in a health facility before (baseline; n = 266) and 6 months after (end-line; n = 320) the intervention began. We assessed the quality of antenatal care pre- and post-training across two dimensions: service provision and experience of care. Analyses included linear and logistic regression. Women in the end-line group reported higher quality of antenatal care than those in the baseline group. The average ANCexperience of care score increased by 10 points at the end-line (Coeff = 10.3, 95%CI: 9.0,11.6), whereas the mean ANCservice provision score increased by three points (Coeff = 2.6, 95%CI: 2.2, 3.1). End-line participants were more likely to have an ultrasound (OR: 24.1, 95%CI: 11.5, 50.3). Parity,tribe, education, employment, partner occupation, six or more antenatal visits, ANC facility, and provider type were also associated with ANC quality. Integrated simulation-based training for health providers has the potential to improve the quality of ANC. Incorporating such training into continuing professional development courses will aid global efforts to increase the quality of care throughout the maternity continuum of care.

Enhancing Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Supported by Coaching in the Content of Open Schooling for Sustainability

Developing teacher self-efficacy can be supported through coaching, a process that guides and supports teachers in enhancing their confidence in teaching and learning skills. This study, part of the CONNECT project funded by the European Union and implemented in various countries, investigates how coaching improves teacher performance and self-efficacy within the context of open schooling for sustainability. The coaching process underpinned by the CARE-KNOW-DO framework focused on 45 coaches supporting a total of 790 teachers in the UK, Brazil, Romania, and Spain. A multilanguage digital platform provided resources, guidelines, video, and best practices on open schooling integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals for teachers’ educators and teachers. Through a qualitative study analyzing CARE-KNOW-DO practices in one-on-one dialogue-based strategies, collaborative participatory research, webinars, workshops, and professional development courses, our findings reveal both challenges and catalysts in coaching. Key features of the coaching model that boosted teachers’ self-efficacy included working with mixed-ability classes (UK), overcoming curriculum pressure (Spain), and addressing complex teaching challenges (Romania). Pedagogical changes involved the adoption and co-creation of open schooling materials, along with integrating CARE-KNOW-DO principles and the EU DigComp framework for green digital skills. These insights demonstrate that coaching in open schooling environments for sustainability can significantly enhance teachers’ self-efficacy and the quality of open schooling experiences by increasing teachers’ awareness of challenges, strategies, and outcomes, focusing on meaningful practices, enhancing teaching and learning competencies, and fostering collaborative personal development.

Dynamics of the shelf ecosystem ecological risk: Model assessment

The article proposes an approach to simulating ecological risk dynamics in the shelf ecosystems based on synthesizing the probabilistic, dynamic simulation and the observation data. Objective of this work is to demonstrate the ecological risk dependence not only on the external factors, but also on the ecosystem intra-annual natural dynamics. Shelf ecosystem dynamic model and the ecological risk probabilistic model are introduced for this purpose. The article selects contrasting in productivity ecosystems of the Caspian and Arctic shelves as the simulation objects. The dynamic model makes it possible to compute annual variations in all its main components including the phytoplankton, zooplankton and nekton biomass, as well as in the nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and in the suspended and dissolved organic matter. The probabilistic risk model uses computation results according to the dynamic ecosystem model and the observation data. Computation is used in considering the technogenic stressors action in course of the oil fields development on the shelf. Testing the hypothesis on the ecosystem productivity influence on the final risk assessment is the purpose of selecting the contrasting ecosystems. Namely, it is a hypothesis on the ER reduced level in the low-productivity shelf ecosystems compared to those highly productive exposed to the technogenic stressors influence. The obtained results demonstrate significant dependence of the risk values not only on the stressor effects, but also on the intra-annual natural dynamics in the ecosystem state. Analysis of the risk computation results in regard to the highly productive Caspian ecosystem and the low-productivity Arctic shelf ecosystem demonstrates that risk assessment is not depending on the productivity level.

Exploring EFL Students' Creativity and Engagement with AI Chatbot in Web-Based English Course

This research explores the role of AI-based chatbot tools in promoting creativity and engagement among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in web-based English material development course. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth interviews and observation checklists. The research was conducted at the English Education Faculty in Parangtambung of Universitas Negeri Makassar, with data collection spanning from May 12, 2024, to June 9, 2024. Participants included five undergraduate students from the 6th semester based on their familiarity with AI chatbots. The subjects of this research were undergraduate students enrolled in the English web-based material development course. Specifically, five students with prior experience or familiarity with AI chatbots were chosen to provide detailed insights through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that AI chatbots significantly encourage creativity among EFL students by providing a safe space for language experimentation and immediate feedback. Students reported increased engagement and enjoyment in their learning process. The research concludes that while AI chatbots can effectively foster creativity and engagement, careful integration and continuous monitoring are necessary to maximize their educational benefits.

Using concept mapping to develop a curriculum for career studies

My goal in this paper is to offer a simple example of a career studies curriculum developed using the technique of concept mapping. In doing this, my intention is to help others construct their own courses, and so I would like to state quite clearly that what follows is simply an example of what a career studies curriculum might look like, it is not intended as a model or set of instructions. It is desirable, and in my view, essential, that course designers design their own courses and learning outcomes for their own contexts. I will make some preliminary remarks about concept mapping, explain my own career studies concept maps, and then use these to suggest eight workshops for use with participants. These workshop ideas will be relevant to designers of courses in career education, career development, employability, personal development, professional development, enterprise and career management skills.

Babies on the Brink: Training in Parent-Infant Psychoanalytic Interventions

ABSTRACT Parent-Infant psychoanalytic interventions have not been well integrated into child and adolescent or adult psychoanalytic training programs. Although many institutes have development courses on infancy and early childhood and even infant observation, it is rare that an infant or toddler case is supervised as a control case. This training gap has resulted in a relative paucity of psychoanalysts engaged in infant mental health and public health to meet massive societal needs. A case vignette is used to demonstrate the sophistication and effectiveness of early psychoanalytic dyadic intervention. Through the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) Committee on Child and Adolescent Psychoanalysis (COCAP), a pilot program for a two-year training in psychoanalytic interventions for infants and parents is being developed, geared to psychoanalytic candidates, analysts, and faculty with theoretical, research, observation, and clinical components.

Building a valuable professional development course: instructor effort vs. perceived student value of activities in an online biotechnology course

Providing undergraduate and graduate students with the appropriate preparation for transitioning to careers in their field after graduation is a key goal of higher education institutions, with many programs employing professional development workshops or courses to assist students and provide hands-on skills in this area. Although a wide variety of activities could benefit students, instructor and career specialist time is limited. Here, we describe an online biotechnology professional development course for undergraduate and graduate students, covering career exploration and the job search process, and the students’ perceptions of the activities offered based on survey data. Overall response to the course was positive, with students at various stages of their education indicating appreciation of most of the course assignments. Interestingly, students ranked the activities that took the most instructor time, namely review of application materials, mock interviews, and career panels, as the most valuable for their personal development. The career exploration aspects of the course influenced students to be open to new possibilities. However, students struggled to make time to complete the assignments for a fully online, largely asynchronous course. Discussion of the value of the course activities, their relevance to social cognitive career theory and cognitive information processing, and suggestions for smooth implementation are provided.

Contributions of an emotion-oriented professional development course to the ecology of language teacher agency

Informed by an ecological perspective, the present study explored the contributions of an emotion-oriented professional development course to eight Iranian English language teachers’ agency. Data were collected in two rounds: one round before, during, and after the course using interviews, narrative frames, and reflective journals, and another round one year later using interviews and narrative frames in order to track the longitudinal effects of the course. Data analyses revealed that the course enabled the teachers to find better space for their autonomy and motivation, both being significant contributing factors to their enhanced agency. Furthermore, the teachers were able to develop more emotional empowerment through greater emotional regulation in their professional work. We discuss implications for teachers and teacher educators to use emotion-oriented professional initiatives in teacher education courses to positively enhance professional agency.

Backward Design in Pre-Service Teacher Education to Enhance Curriculum Knowledge

This action research aimed to enhance the curriculum knowledge of 37 pre-service teachers in early-childhood education through backward design (BD) as an innovative framework. Participants enrolled in an online curriculum development course focusing on curriculum elements and underwent BD-based instruction for five weeks. Multiple data collection tools were employed, including pre- and post-achievement tests and curriculum literacy scales, digital learning journals, performance tasks, course observations, and interviews. The results showed a significant improvement in the curriculum knowledge of the pre-service teachers. This was evidenced by a notable increase in curriculum literacy scores, a moderate improvement in achievement test scores, and positive performance task outcomes. These findings highlight the effectiveness of BD-based instruction in enhancing the curriculum knowledge of pre-service teachers. This study provides valuable insights for teacher educators to effectively tailor their instructional approaches. Further research is needed to validate these results and advance instructional practices in pre-service teacher education.

ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY DATA IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS VARIANTS OF THE GLAUCOMA PROCESS

Today, about 537 million people in the world aged 20 to 79 suffer from diabetes mellitus, in 3% of cases neovascular glaucoma is diagnosed, threatening vision loss. Neovascular glaucoma is one of the most aggressive forms of secondary glaucomas and is often refractory to standard treatment methods. In domestic and foreign literature, there is no single standard for choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with neovascular glaucoma against the background of diabetic retinopathy. In this regard, studies aimed at studying the morphofunctional parameters of eyes with neovascular glaucoma against the background of diabetic retinopathy acquire not only theoretical but also obvious practical interest. In the course of further development of methods for complex effects on eye structures to reduce intraocular pressure and progression of the glaucoma process. An analysis of optical coherence tomography images of 51 patients (51 eyes) was conducted, and the main aspects were identified for further use in choosing the tactics of surgical intervention.

Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical and Carbon Dioxide Stunning Methods on Quality Attributes of Pork Meat

In our experiment, the effect of electrical and CO2 stunning on pork meat quality attributes was studied. A total of thirty PIC337 female pigs were allocated to two equal groups which were stunned electrically (50 Hz, 210 V, 2.6 A, 15 s) or by CO2 (85 V% CO2, 15 V% O2, 90 s) and slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse. For 24 h post mortem, the carcass m. gluteus medius (GM) was used to evaluate meat quality attributes such as pH, color, hardness, water holding capacity (WHC), and total pigment content, and meat classification was also carried out. The CO2 stunning resulted in muscle with significantly lower pH (p < 0.01) and poorer water holding capacity (p < 0.05) compared to electrical stunning. The GM of pigs stunned electrically showed significantly increased lightness (L*) and redness (a*) (p < 0.05) compared to CO2-stunned. The time course of development of rigor mortis was similar for both stunning methods. Pale, soft, exudative (PSE) or dark, firm, dry (DFD) meat defects were not observed. Based on total pigment content, stunning methods did not significantly affect the amount of removable blood.

Impact of basic artificial intelligence (AI) course on understanding concepts, literacy, and empowerment in the field of AI among students

AbstractWith the development of information technologies and information processing methods, it is important to provide high‐quality education in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The study aims to investigate the impact of an educational course on AI on the comprehension of concepts, literacy, and empowerment in the field of AI among students of higher educational institutions. The experiment involved 125 students from Hohai University in China. As a result of taking the training course, students were able to improve their understanding of concepts (increasing their average score from 6.33 to 9.69), literacy (from 2.94 to 3.99), and empowerment (from 3.90 to 4.04) in AI. The resulting data statistically confirmed the effectiveness of the developed course for improving confidence in the field of AI. The training module can be applied to improve confidence in the field of AI for students in various careers, as information competence is important these days and increases the success of graduates in employment. When it comes to further research, the encouraging results of this study suggest opportunities for promoting this training program among a diverse group of participants. To confirm the effectiveness of the developed course, it can be conducted among students in schools and other educational institutions, reducing it to even more basic if necessary.

Development of a New Media Marketing and Planning Course Based on Project-Based Learning combined with Outcome-Based Education Concept to enhance Problem-Solving Ability in Advertising at Xi'an University

Background and aim: At present, the phenomenon of insufficient problem-solving ability of college students in China is more prominent. The project-based learning（PBL) combined with the outcome-based education (OBE) concept provides new ideas and methods for addressing the problem of insufficient problem-solving ability among college students. The PBL combined with OBE teaching offers effective ways and means to enhance problem-solving ability. Outcome-based education concept (OBE) emphasizes student learning outcomes and focuses on the ability and qualities students acquire during the learning process. While project-based learning (PBL) enables students to participate in solving actual projects, clarifying their learning goals and outcomes, and enhancing their learning motivation and enthusiasm. This teaching model emphasizes practical ability. It focuses on cultivating students' practical ability by having them apply learned knowledge and ability in actual projects, thus improving their problem-solving and practical operation ability, which aligns with the requirements for practical ability in the advertising field. It promotes cooperation and innovation. PBL usually requires students to complete projects in groups, helping to cultivate their cooperation ability and team spirit. At the same time, during the project implementation process, students need to continuously propose innovative solutions, which also helps cultivate their innovation consciousness and innovation ability. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a new media marketing and planning course based on PBL combined with OBE teaching to enhance problem-solving ability in advertising students. Materials and approaches: The study employed a three-phase research design involving phase 1 was studying the background information through reviewing documents and interviewing experts and students, phase 2 was constructing and verifying the developed course by 5 experts, and phase 3 was implementing the course with the sample of 40 junior Advertising students at Xi'an University which were derived by cluster random sampling. The research instruments used to collect data in this phase were as follows:1) scoring rubric of students' problem-solving ability with reliability of 0.84. 2) questionnaire for students' satisfaction with the reliability of 0.75. Data collection was relevant to test papers and scales, and data were analyzed by using statistics including; means, standard deviations, t-test for dependent samples, and one sample t-test. Results: After implementation of a new media marketing and planning course based on project-based learning combined with outcome-based education concept, it revealed that 1) posttest scores of students' problem-solving ability is greater than pretest at.01 levels of statistical significance (t39= 16.01, p = 0.001). 2) students' satisfaction after implementing the course was statistically greater than the criterion of 70% at a.01 level of statistical significance (t39 =19.51, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The PBL combined with OBE teaching provides effective ways and methods for improving college students' problem-solving abilities. By clarifying learning outcomes, emphasizing practical ability, and promoting cooperation and innovation, the PBL teaching methods model can better meet the requirements for problem-solving ability in modern education and the advertising field.