Development Of Cooperative Relationships Research Articles

Network Embeddedness, Relationship Norms, and Cooperative Behavior: Analysis Based on Evolution of Construction Project Network

The development of cooperative relationships among project participants makes relationship norms an important governance mechanism to promote cooperative behavior. However, the research on relationship norms mostly ignored the project network environment established by project participants. A static project network cannot accurately reflect the actual project network state from the perspective of network embeddedness, but the research on the mechanism of cooperative behavior from the perspective of dynamic network embeddedness is limited. Therefore, this study overcame the limitation of static analysis. This paper divided the implementation process of construction projects into early, middle, and late phases. The theoretical model of network embeddedness, relationship norms, and cooperative behavior was tested using sample data from 716 surveys regarding the three phases from China to determine the mechanism of the effect of network embeddedness on cooperative behavior. The research results show that network embeddedness (including structural embeddedness and relational embeddedness) has a direct impact on cooperative behavior. The results also indicate that network embeddedness has an indirect impact on cooperative behavior through relationship norms. Additionally, the results further indicate that the direct and indirect effects of network embeddedness on cooperative behavior are different in different phases of construction projects. With the advance of construction projects, the influence of relational embeddedness increases, whereas the effect of structural embeddedness decreases. The research results deepen the understanding of relationship norms in construction projects and make up for the lack of research on cooperative behavior in construction projects from the perspective of dynamic networks. The research results also provide enlightenment for project participants to fully utilize the network relationships in different phases of construction projects, stimulate the establishment of relationship norms, and promote cooperation. This is helpful to improve the cooperative construction management mode.

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE LIGHT OF KEY MESSAGES OF ENDOGENOUS THEORY OF GROWTH AND IMPERATIVES FOR IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS

At the end of the twentieth century, a qualitatively new concept of regional development policies appeared, and was affirmed, in many world economies. In short, at its center, there is the imperative to improve the region's competitiveness. The focus of new regional development policies is on initiatives that favor networking, the development of cooperative relationships, and the growth of confidence in regional economic actors. In these circumstances, people's readiness for new business ideas and organizational solutions have become far more important drivers of regional development than the number of businesses located in the region. The new concept of regional development policy is predominantly based on the postulates of endogenous growth theory. The imperative to improve the region's competitiveness is at its epicenter. Starting from such prominent theoretical explanations, our own composite index was constructed by analyzing the achieved level of development of individual regions of the Republic of Serbia in 2008 and 2018. The analysis showed that all regions in Serbia have development potentials, but that they manage to increase their level of development to a different extent, both in relation to the previous period and in relation to other regions in the country.

Persepsi Petani terhadap Kompetensi Penyuluh Pertanian di Kecamatan Payakumbuh, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

Agricultural extension is a lesson for the main actors and business actors so that they can help themselves in obtaining information related to the sustainability of their farming business. This study aims to: 1) analyze farmers perceptions of the competence of agricultural instructors, 2) analyze the relationship between farmer characteristics and extension activities with the level of farmers perceptions of agricultural instructor competencies based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No: 55/Permentan/KP. 120/7/2007. This study used a survey method with a total of 39 respondents. The results of descriptive and inferential analysis found that farmers had low perceptions of the competency level of agricultural extension workers. Extension workers are considered not optimal in carrying out their roles according to their duties and responsibilities. The factors that significantly influence the level of farmers perceptions of the competence of agricultural extension workers are the involvement, intensity and interaction of farmers in extension activities. This shows that the more frequent the involvement, the intensity of the meetings and the interaction of farmers with agricultural extension workers, the level of farmers perceptions of the main extension activities, extension planning, extension programs, application of extension methods, farmer self-help development, regional development, as well as the development of cooperative relationships with government agencies and non-government is higher.

Cooperative Learning Contribution to Student Social Learning and Active Role in the Class

An emphasis on providing authentic and inclusive educational experiences to students has been recommended in many educational systems as essential for motor, social, and psychological development. Despite the focus of recent studies on the preparation of physical education (PE) teachers for entering the profession, little attention has been paid to beginner teachers and how these teachers can promote educationally rich PE experiences. Therefore, this study sought (1) to understand how a novice PE teacher implemented the cooperative learning model and shared the responsibility for teaching–learning processes with students; and (2) to examine students’ perspectives about their cooperative experiences and student-centered learning. Participants included 25 high school students and one novice PE teacher. Through an action-research design, data were collected by utilizing three qualitative techniques and analyzed using thematic analysis. CL was found to be a complex model that needed time to be implemented effectively and allow students to take advantage of its potential. The development of cooperative relationships allowed students to assume greater responsibility in the lessons. Novice teachers should be encouraged to adopt CL and promote a gradual process of sharing responsibility with students.

Cooperation in tourism and regional development

Tourism’s contribution to the economy, in general, and to local economies, in particular, is widely accepted. Given the increasing competition between destinations and complexity of tourism destination management, the formation and development of cooperative relationships between stakeholders has become a requirement for success and sustainability. This study sought to understand business cooperation in terms of specific territories’ complementarity, with a specific focus on tourism development in the Portuguese subregion of the Setubal Peninsula. A qualitative methodology was applied using a case study. Documentary sources were analysed to collect data to facilitate the peninsula’s characterisation, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a focus group. The results indicate that stakeholders understand cooperation’s importance to obtaining synergies that ensure tourism and regional development. The interviewees identified a set of benefits associated with cooperation, but these experts are all aware of this strategy’s challenges, which, nonetheless, do not necessarily diminish their willingness to cooperate.

It Takes A Village: Harnessing the power of strategic partnerships to improve health outcomes for children and young people in Queensland

Introduction: It is well recognised in business that strategic partnerships can facilitate the realisation of important objectives and build profitability. Key partnerships can bring significant opportunities and speed the progress of new initiatives. This is true also of public healthcare where the development of cooperative relationships is critical to staying on the leading edge of new technology and developing long-term sustainable capabilities. By bringing together partners with different skillsets and a shared vision, we can leverage scarce resources and specialist skills to reach our integrated care objectives. Children’s Health Queensland (CHQ) is a specialist state wide hospital and health service providing high-quality, family-centred care for children and young people from across Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia. We partner with hospitals, health services and non-government organisations to ensure every child and young person has access to the best possible care. Families are a vital part of our team and we place the child and family at the heart of all we do. Children’s Health Queensland’s Strategic Plan 2016-2020 identifies partnerships as one of the key strategies in improving service coordination and integration, and optimising health outcomes for children and young people. This includes partnering with adult services to ensure continuity of care into adulthood; partnering with health sector providers locally and state wide to inform state and national policy; strengthening emphasis on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child and family access to eliminate barriers to services, promote shared leadership, grow the Indigenous workforce and build cultural competency; partnering with public, primary health organisations and agencies to encourage further development of protection, promotion, prevention and early intervention services; and working with non-government organisations and charities to provide targeted support services to children, young people and their families. CHQ has developed a unique suite of partnerships, which are all directed at providing enhanced family-centred care. This suite includes clinical, nonclinical, research, educational and arts-in-health partnerships which all combine to create innovation in integrated care delivery. Being open to partnerships and networking underpins the foundations of integrated care, and aligns with the CHQ values of Imagination and Care. Aim: This presentation showcases CHQ’s portfolio of partnerships and our approach to integrating care. We present the key ingredients required to realise the benefits of successful strategic partnerships. The presentation will also explore some of the drawbacks of strategic partnerships and lessons learned along our journey. Targeted Population: Children and young people across Queensland moving across primary and tertiary levels of care. Key Stakeholders: Key Stakeholders include patients, families, clinicians and partner organisations across Australia. Timeline: CHQ’s partnerships work will be sustainable across the long-term with medium to long-term impacts realised over the next 5-10 years. Transferability: Information from this presentation will be transferable to other hospitals and health services. Conclusions: Take home messages include identifying partnership opportunities; defining the partnership value; giving relationships time to develop to fruition; respecting differences and diversity; recognising the importance of creating clear expectations and boundaries; and aligning organisational vision and values.

Study of cooperation in agribusiness as a socio-economic phenomenon

The object of research is the processes of development of cooperative relationships in agribusiness, which form the basis of an economic phenomenon, the essence of which is cooperation, as well as the formation and improvement of its organizational and legal forms. For today, the existence of cooperative formations is justified by centuries of practice, and its objectivity is beyond doubt. However, it is important to streamline the methodological foundations of research, which will ensure the formation and implementation of cooperative policies in the agro-industrial complex in order to improve the efficiency of its functioning. This calls for a deep theoretical rethinking of the essence and significance of cooperation. In the course of research, economic phenomena are viewed not in isolation and from specific historical circumstances, but comprehensively, taking into account specific economic conditions and the real state of the economic, political and social situation in the country. As a result of research, it is justified that «agribusiness» is such sphere of entrepreneurial activity, the effective development of which is capable of ensuring the welfare of the population, creating conditions for the successful development of other industries. This will contribute to raising the level of economic, and therefore political, security of Ukraine. For the development of cooperation, favorable conditions are necessary, the influence of which on the development level of cooperative relations is expressed in the actions of specific factors. These factors can be systematized, as production, organizational-base, stimulating-legal and stabilizing. In the course of research, it is determined that cooperation in its content is an economic phenomenon, the essence of which is economic relations between partners, on their cooperation for achieving a common goal. This methodological approach to understanding cooperation is important from a practical point of view, since it assumes the creation of an infrastructure, as an indispensable condition for the further successful development of this phenomenon. It is established that the cooperative is a form of cooperation and its organizational structure of an entrepreneurial type, it is created and functions on the basis of cooperative principles that are carriers and regulators of its internal and external relations.

Cooperation in port wine distribution

The main purpose of this study is to research buyer–seller cooperation in the distribution of port wine. Eight research hypotheses were derived from data collected by a case study and incorporated into a quantitative questionnaire distributed to commercial directors of 52 producer companies and 49 distributors. A binary probit model was developed to analyse the Likert-scaled answers in valid questionnaires returned by 32 producer respondents and 29 distributor respondents. The results of the study show that (1) conflict, when permanent and intense, inhibits the development of cooperative relationships; (2) trust is likely to solve conflicts; (3) a combination of trust and adaptation increases the potential for cooperation and (4) the presence of a foreign employee at the interface between producers and distributors does not negatively affect the level of cooperation. Lastly, cooperation can be considered as an important means of developing skills and resources, which can then be applied to existing transactional relationships.

The Australian sport system and its stakeholders: development of cooperative relationships

The way the Australian sport system arrested its unrelenting decline in the 1970s to become a model of best practice perplexes many countries. This essay aims to give an insight into the way the system was transformed and became successful. The essay reviews the decline, and then the evolution and devolution of the system, and analyses the stakeholders involved, and the inter relationships developed to achieve success. The study is based on a document analysis examining 74 annual reports from 35 national sporting organizations over a period of four years, before and after the Sydney Olympic Games. The results of the study show that in the face of financial instability and an over-reliance on government funding, sport stakeholders sought alternative sources of income, amalgamated or worked in collaboration with other stakeholders, and/or opted for intra-organizational cooperation. The sport system in Australia has proven resilient and able to adapt to an ever-changing environment via the cooperation of its stakeholders and their willingness to work together towards a common goal.

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Cover: A Tibetan sacred landscape (Mt. Kawagebo), with Tibetan prayer flags in the foreground. Public protected areas in China can conflict with traditional land uses and disenfranchise local people, who have long‐term experience in land management. Development of cooperative relationships between the state and local communities is needed for community‐driven conservation strategies. Photo by Xu Jianchu. See pages 318–328.

Development of cooperative relationships through increasing investment.

Reciprocal altruism can become established among selfish, unrelated individuals if they use responsive strategies such as 'tit-for-tat. This result raises the fundamental question: how altruistic should one be? The problem is difficult to solve using current 'prisoner's dilemma' based models because they allow only the discrete choice of cooperating or defecting. In reality, however, cooperation is rarely all-or-nothing. Furthermore, if cooperative investment is variable, a new and more subtle kind of cheating becomes possible: individuals may invest slightly less than their partner. A concern is that this 'short-changing' will erode cooperative ventures. Here we show that cooperation can thrive despite variable investment through the new strategy of 'raise-the-stakes'. This strategy offers a small amount on first meeting and then, if matched, raises its investment, something that no strategy in the discrete model can do. We show that such behaviour can readily invade a population of non-altruists and cannot be effectively exploited. The practice of 'testing the water' rather than making sudden cooperative 'leaps of faith' powerfully reinforces the stability and effectiveness of reciprocity.